First report of eprinomectin-resistant isolates of Haemonchus contortus in 5 dairy sheep farms from the Pyrénées Atlantiques département in France.

Infection of sheep by gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in pastoral systems such as those found in the South Western area of France, the Pyrénées Atlantiques, is one of the main reasons for economic loss and degradation of their welfare. In the present study, the efficacy of eprinomectin (EPN) was monitored on farms from this area following suspicion of lack of anthelmintic efficacy. Suspicions were raised by veterinarians, based on clinical signs ranging from milk and body condition loss, to anaemia, and mortality. Resistance was evaluated according to the World Association for the Advancement for Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP) guidelines using fecal egg count reduction tests reinforced by individual analysis of drug concentration in the serum of all treated ewes by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). EPN was administered by subcutaneous (SC) and topical (T) route according to manufacturer's requirements, as well as by the oral route (O) with the topical solution according to off-labelled practices in the field. For the first time in France, the presence of resistant isolates of Haemonchus contortus to EPN was observed in 5 dairy sheep farms. The HPLC dosages showed exposure of worms to concentrations compatible with anthelmintic activity for animals treated by the SC and O routes. By contrast, they showed under exposure to the drug of most individuals treated by the T route. EPN is the only null milk withdrawal anthelmintic molecule currently available. The presence of resistant isolates of the pathogenic H. contortus to EPN in this important dairy region requires an urgent change in grazing, and sometimes production, systems.

[Reoperation after orbital decompression for Graves' ophthalmopathy]. / Reprises chirurgicales après décompression orbitaire pour ophtalmopathie dysthyroïdienne.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of our study was to report the incidence of complications requiring early or late reoperation after bone and fat orbital decompression for Graves's ophthalmopathy. PATIENTS AND METHOD: We conducted a retrospective bicentric study in the Maxillofacial Surgery Departments of Marseille and Lyon. Ninety patients were selected from 2006 to 2010, accounting for 168 orbital decompressions. The surgical indication was morphological and functional for all patients. Several surgical techniques were used: bone and fat orbital decompression by trans-palpebral resection, two or three wall orbital decompression, malar valgization. RESULTS: Ten patients were reoperated for 12 revisions, two patients needed two revisions. There were four early revisions for two retro-orbital hematoma, one inadequate orbital decompression with persistent posterior compressive optic neuropathy, and one recurrent maxillary sinusitis with proptosis. The other eight revisions were carried out later for three cases of insufficient correction, four cases of proptosis relapse, and one for excessive correction with enophthalmos. All patients had satisfactory morphological and functional results despite revision surgery. DISCUSSION: Most reoperations are difficult to anticipate and their prevention is based on more or less specific recommendations. Patients should be informed of the risks and benefits and accept the possibility of reoperation. A systematic multidisciplinary consultation would standardize and improve the management of these patients, by detecting patients at risk of complications and thus reoperation.

[Modelization of bone graft reconstruction for posterior mandibular segment using the Simplant® software]. / Modélisation des techniques de reconstruction par greffes osseuses des secteurs mandibulaires postérieurs avec le logiciel Simplant(®).

INTRODUCTION: Pre-implant reconstruction techniques of edentulous molar mandibular ridges take into account the height and the width of the initial ridge, but not the initial geometry. The Simplant(®) software allows modeling these techniques by taking into account this geometry. TECHNICAL NOTE: Four surgical techniques for crestal volume reconstruction (apposition, interposition, distraction, formwork) were used on seven hemi-mandibles and modeled with the Simplant(®) software. This reconstructed volume was visualized according to the initial crestal geometry. The average gain in height was 4.1mm for the onlay graft, 2.3mm for the interposition graft, 4mm for distraction, 5.1mm for the boxing. The average gain of crestal width was -0.3mm for the onlay graft, 1mm for the interposition, -0.5mm for the distraction, and 1.3mm for the boxing. DISCUSSION: Modeling with the Simplant(®) software shows that boxing technique gives the closest bone reconstruction to the ideal crestal geometry, whatever the initial crestal geometry.

Examining men as victims of intimate partner violence in a French forensic department.

OBJECTIVE: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a particular type of interpersonal violence, in which violence is performed between individuals involved in an intimate relationship. Johnson developed a typology in which he differentiates common couple violence (CCV) from intimate terrorism (IT). We led a descriptive review of the cases of men treated at the victimology unit of the forensic department of Nancy for IPV-related abuse. METHOD: We retrospectively investigated our database to extract every file of male patient treated at the victimology unit of the forensic department of Nancy (France) from 2014 to 2019 for IPV-related abuse. We studied several parameters relating to the protagonists and their relationship, the violence endured, and the statements made during the forensic consultation. An attempt to perform Johnson's typology was made. RESULTS: We had a total of 226 consultations. The age of the patients ranged from 18 to 88 years old. Almost all patients experienced physical violence. Psychological violence was noted in 138 files. Concerning Johnson's typology, we identified 92 cases consistent with the definition of CCV and 46 cases compatible with IT. CONCLUSION: Male victims of IPV are now backed by an ever-growing corpus of studies that sheds an opportune light upon this challenging topic. Sadly, too many remain discredited and unaccounted for. We believe that escaping a gender-opposing conception in favor of a global understanding of this phenomenon would be of benefit to both men and women.

Trace metal elements vaporization and phosphorus recovery during sewage sludge thermochemical treatment - A review.

Phosphorus (P) plays essential roles in crops growth. Natural mineral sources of phosphate are non-renewable, overexploited and unevenly distributed worldwide, making P a strategic resource for agricultural systems. The search for sustainable ways to secure P supply for fertilizer production has therefore become a critical issue worldwide. Sewage sludge (SS) is an organic waste material considered as a key alternative source of P. Switzerland and the European Union are about to make it mandatory to recover P from SS or its treatment residues. Among the many technical options to achieve this objective, SS thermochemical treatments spiked with Cl-donors appear as a promising approach to recover P from SS and separate it from mineral pollutants such as trace metal elements (TME). The purpose of Cl-donor additives is to fix P within the mineral residues, possibly in bioavailable P species forms, while promoting TME vaporization by chlorination mechanisms. This review paper compares the various thermochemical treatments investigated worldwide over the past two decades. The influence of process conditions and Cl-donor nature is discussed. The presented results show that, except for nickel and chromium, most TME can be significantly vaporized during a high temperature treatment (over 900 °C) with Cl addition. In addition, the fixation rate and solubility of P is increased when a Cl-donor such as MgCl2 is added.

A transcript encoding a proteasome beta-subunit and a zinc finger protein in Trypanosoma brucei brucei.

During the screening of a Trypanosoma brucei brucei (T. b. brucei) cDNA library constructed from bloodstream form mRNA, we identified a 2.3kb cDNA encoding a proteasome beta subunit (ORF1) and a putative zinc finger protein (ORF2). Northern blot analysis indicated the presence of a digenic transcript as well as the two individual messengers in both procyclic and bloodstream forms of the parasite. Southern blot analysis showed the relevant locus to be unique. ORF1 encoded a 22.7kDa protein sharing over 50% identity with the eukaryotic PRCE (aka beta5) proteasome beta subunit. This protein contained a beta amino acid signature and residues involved in the catalytic activity. Further phylogenetic analysis indicated that this subunit as well as those from other kinetoplastids could be confidentially assigned to extant eukaryotic subfamilies such as beta1, beta2, and beta5. ORF2 encoded a 14.6kDa putative zinc finger protein containing five repeats of a CCHC motif commonly present in retroviral nucleocapsid proteins as well as proteins involved in vertebrate embryogenesis.

Transforming growth factor-beta receptors on human endometrial cells: identification of the type I, II, and III receptors and glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol anchored TGF-beta binding proteins.

In the present study, we have characterized the cell surface receptors for transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) on monolayer cultures of stromal cells prepared from human endometrial biopsies, and on a human endometrial epithelial cell line (RL95-2) using affinity cross-link labeling techniques. On the stromal cells, five TGF-beta binding proteins were identified. Analysis of the sensitivity of these proteins to dithiothreitol and phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, together with results from immunoprecipitations with antibodies against the type II and III TGF-beta receptors, confirmed that three of these binding proteins correspond to the cloned type I, II, and III TGF-beta receptors. The other two binding proteins observed exhibit the characteristics of isoform-specific GPI-anchored TGF-beta binding proteins. On RL95-2 cells, three TGF-beta binding proteins, corresponding to the type I, II, and III TGF-beta receptors, were identified. The receptors which we have characterized on endometrial cells are responsive to physiological concentrations of TGF-beta as demonstrated by the effect of TGF-beta on endometrial cell proliferation. Accordingly, these receptors have the potential to respond to the TGF-beta isoforms which have recently been detected in the endometrium in an autocrine and/or paracrine manner.

Genetic and epigenetic contributions to colorectal cancer.

Both genetic and epigenetic factors contribute to the development of colorectal cancer. Specific genetic changes in proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and DNA mismatch repair genes have led to a genetic model of colorectal tumorigenesis. Recent data highlight the importance of the TGF-beta signaling pathway in regulating the progression of colorectal cancer. The loss of the tumor suppressor activity of this pathway as well as the potentially cooperative genetic aberrations involving APC, K-ras, and p53 are reviewed in the context of the multi-step adenoma-carcinoma sequence that characterizes the development of colorectal tumorigenesis. In addition, contributing epigenetic factors including age, diet, angiogenesis, and immune response are also discussed. Combining our knowledge of the genetic and epigenetic events implicated in this disease may allow a broader understanding of the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer and hence the design of better anti-tumor interventions.

Developmental differences in dopamine synthesis inhibition by (+/-)-7-OH-DPAT.

Dopamine synthesis modulation by the D2-family agonist (+/-)-7-OH-DPAT was explored in striatum, accumbens, and prefrontal cortex of 10-40 day old rats using the gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) autoreceptor model. GBL produced an age-dependent increase in dopamine synthesis that was inhibited by (+/-) 7-OH-DPAT (0.1-13.5 mg/kg) at all ages and antagonized by eticlopride in the nucleus accumbens and striatum. The ID50 of (+/-) 7-OH-DPAT increased with age, suggesting decreased autoreceptor sensitivity with maturation. In prefrontal cortex, (+/-) 7-OH-DPAT inhibited synthesis between 10-30 days, with no evidence of autoreceptor function at 40 days. Dopamine synthesis was also inhibited with the D3/D2 agonist quinpirole at 15 days of age in vivo and yielded similar results to those obtained with (+/-) 7-OH-DPAT. Finally, under conditions that result in low D2 receptor affinity, D3 specificity was examined in vitro at 15 days with (+/-) 7-OH-DPAT, which produced comparable (yet more potent) effects to those observed in vivo. These findings illustrate D3 autoreceptor-like activity in ascending dopamine regions and provide further support for transient prefrontal cortex autoreceptor-like function that recedes by puberty.

Predictors of the variation of the ejection fraction during exercise in patients with and without coronary heart disease.

The aim of this study was to determine the factors influencing the different response of the ejection fraction (EF) of the left ventricle at exercise observed in patients with and without significant coronary heart disease. We have studied 98 patients referred for coronary angiography (82 men, 16 women), of whom 49 patients had a previous myocardial infarction and 71 patients had significant coronary heart disease. Exercise testing was performed and combined with a cardiac blood pool imaging at equilibrium. The variation of the EF between rest and peak exercise (delta EF) was measured. Twelve clinical, exercise-related, isotopic, and coronary arteriographic variables were examined in a linear univariate and statistical analysis. In the univariate regression, seven variables were significant regressors on the delta EF. In the multivariate regression, only four variables were significant regressors on the delta EF. Three independent predictors were found: the rate-pressure product, the ST depression, and the occurrence of a previous myocardial infarction. These three independent predictors reflect the myocardial functional reserve.

Poststernotomy arteriovenous fistula of internal mammary origin with pseudoaneurysmal subcutaneous extension.

We describe a very rare subcutaneous pseudoaneurysmal development of an internal mammary arteriovenous fistula supervening after sternal wire closure. The lesion underwent progressive thrombosis and was resected.

Thrombosis of the Saint Jude Medical valve prosthesis in the aortic position: a diagnostic and surgical emergency.

Three cases of prosthetic thrombosis with the SJM mechanical bileaflet pyrolitic valve in the aortic position occurred in a series of 355 patients operated on over a four-year period (October 1978-September 1982). Symptoms and signs of inadequate left ventricular flow (with various degrees of aortic regurgitation) were marked and developed rapidly. The patient is usually aware of muffling of the valve sounds. Auscultation is typical (muffled or abolished valve sounds; appearance of a systolo-diastolic murmur). Echocardiogram and carotidogram are suggestive. Adequately oriented fluoroscopy is diagnostic. Emergency prosthetic replacement is life-saving. Long term, well controlled, anticoagulation with coumadin is advocated.

Fluoroscopic differentiation between leaflet escape (LE) and valve thrombosis (VT) of the Edwards-Duromedics mitral valve.

Although differential diagnosis between LE and VT of an Edwards-Duromedics mitral valve can be suspected on clinical, phonocardiographic and echocardiographic bases, we propose that fluoroscopy is the rapid, non-invasive test to distinguish between both conditions if properly conducted and interpreted: with adequate orientation of the X-ray beam, the presence of both leaflets and their range of motion can be reliably assessed.

Triflusal versus acetylsalicylic acid: a double-blind study for the prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis after hip surgery.

The authors report the results of a randomised double-blind study comparing the antithrombotic activity of a new anti-platelet drug (Triflusal) with that of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). 99 patients who underwent hip surgery were included in the study (total hip replacement, osteosynthesis of a pertrochanter fracture or Moore's prosthesis for intracapsular fracture of the femoral neck). Of the 48 patients having received Triflusal, 7 (14.5%) developed deep vein thrombosis as indicated by 125I-fibrinogen isotopic scanning and confirmed by phlebography. Of the 51 patients treated with ASA, 11 (21.6%) presented the same complication as diagnosed by the same techniques. This difference is not statistically significant, considering the number of cases studied. Nevertheless, Triflusal appears to provide prevention of thromboembolic risk to patients who have undergone hip surgery, particularly total hip replacement.

[Appearance of Escherichia coli strain with high production of cephalosporinase during treatment with an amoxicillin and clavulanic acid combination]. / Emergence d'une souche d'Escherichia coli hyperproductrice de céphalosporinase au cours d'un traitement par l'association amoxicilline plus acide clavulanique.

In the course of an Escherichia coli cholecystitis, demonstrated by positive blood cultures, the authors observed a therapeutic failure with amoxicillin/clavulanate, probably related to the isolation in blood cultures, nine days after the beginning of the treatment, of a beta-lactam resistant E. coli strain (MICs of the amoxicillin combined with clavulanate was 64 mg/l and ceftazidim 16 mg/l). The strains which were recovered before and after treatment were shown to have the same biotype and the same electrophoretic profile for bacterial esterases. The second strain exhibited a high level production of the mediated chromosomal cephalosporinase. In the agar diffusion test, this mutant was more easily detected by ceftazidim than by other third generation cephalosporins. In the middle-stay unit where the patient was cured, cephalosporinase high producing mutants of E. coli were recovered in 0.6 p. cent of the strains versus 5, 1 p. cent for strains with cephalosporinase phenotype and 46.6 p. cent for strains with penicillinase phenotype. This report illustrates the importance of associating two synergistic antibiotics to prevent the emergence of beta-lactam resistant mutants in the course of severe E. coli infections.

[Ultrasonography and Doppler effect, an original method for the early and dynamic evaluation of bone callus]. / Echographie et effet Doppler, une méthode originale pour une appréciation précoce et dynamique du cal osseux.

The authors describe an original and simple method for monitoring bone healing, based upon ultrasonography and the Doppler effect. They present four cases of diaphyseal fractures followed by this method and correlated with clinical findings. This noninvasive and inexpensive method of investigation is full of prospect for the monitoring of bone healing after fracture.

[Slight mental handicap and procreation. Knowledge and practice in 15 slightly mentally handicapped women]. / Handicap mental léger et procréation. Connaisances et pratique de quinze jeunes femmes handicapées mentales légères.

PIP: 15 young Belgian women with histories of institutionalization for mental deficiency were interviewed in their homes to evaluate their knowledge of reproduction and contraception and to assess their contraceptive practices. None of the young women had a diagnosis suggesting genetic causes of their disability. All were or had been married and had children. The average age was 27 years. Most were married, 3 were divorced, and 2 were in consensual unions. 11 of the couples had serious conjugal difficulties including alcoholism, violence, separation, or single parenthood. The same problems occurred among the parents of the young women. The IQs of 2 of the subjects were tested at 45-49, 2 were 50-53, 5 were 54-59, and 6 were 60-64. 12 of the 15 could tell time, but none knew how may hours there were in a halfday. 8 knew the date, but none knew how many days there are in a month. The total number of brothers and sisters of the subjects was 88, of whom 44 were receiving special schooling. The responses to questions designed to assess knowledge of reproduction were vague. The women knew that sexual relations might be followed by birth of a baby 9 months later. 4 of the women used IUDs, 7 used pills, 2 were sterilized, and 2 used no method. The pill users appeared to do so successfully; only 1 mother had 2 unwanted births. The women stated they had chosen their contraceptive methods themselves, but 5 of them could not identify any other method. 8 of the 15 noted the dates of their periods. No precise diagnosis was made in any of the cases, and none of the mothers expressed concern about transmitting a mental handicap to their own children. The 15 women had a total of 6 sons and 16 daughters. 3 of the 12 children of school age had problems requiring medical or social intervention.^ieng

[Riga-Fede disease: traumatic ulceration of the tongue in an infant]. / Maladie de Riga-Fede: ulcération traumatique de la langue chez un nourrisson.

INTRODUCTION: Riga-Fede disease is rare. It is an oral mucosal ulceration due to repetitive dental trauma. We report the case of an infant for whom a quick diagnosis prevented many complications. OBSERVATION: A 45-day-old infant was brought to our consultation for pain during baby-bottle intake, preventing feeding. Oral examination revealed ulceration on the ventral surface of the tongue, associated next to a mandibular incisor present at birth. Pain stopped immediately after dental extraction of the supernumerary tooth. The infant could be fed again without any problem. The ulceration healed in less than three months. DISCUSSION: The diagnosis of Riga-Fede disease is strictly clinical. The early diagnosis in our case allowed for a quick management and normal feeding before there was any somatic consequence. Dental trauma is the most frequent cause of Riga-Fede disease. Treatment is conservative (polishing, resin) except in case of supernumerary teeth or excessive mobility. In these cases, extraction is indicated. The pathological diagnosis is required only when there is no healing after appropriate management fails, to look looking for another diagnosis.