Anatomical Landmarks of the Beard Region.

BACKGROUND: With recent advancements in hair restoration techniques, hair can be transplanted into nonscalp areas, such as the beard region, and the result looks natural. Although scalp zones and landmarks have been available for planning and designing the hairline, landmarks that will determine the beard lines are yet to be presented and made known for clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine and analyze the beard lines and anatomical boundaries of the beard area to provide a more natural restoration/reconstruction appearance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The soft-tissue landmarks of the face that will enable physicians to create natural-looking beard lines were determined. Based on these important points, beard lines were analyzed with anthropometric methods by using the photographs of 32 male volunteers. RESULTS: The ideal upper and lower beard lines and the anatomical boundaries of the beard area were determined using these landmarks. CONCLUSION: These lines ensure that beard restoration/reconstruction provides a more natural appearance.

Recommendations for management of diabetic foot ulcers during COVID-19 outbreak.

COVID-19 pandemia began in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. A total of 1 878 489 people were infected and 119 044 people were lost because of the disease and its complications by 15 April. Severe morbidity and mortality complications are mostly seen in elderly and patients having comorbidities. Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are one of severe complications of diabetes mellitus and it may require urgent surgical interventions. In this paper, we aimed to create a management algorithm to prevent the unexpected complications that may occur in the patients and health care workers during the evaluation of COVID-19 in DFU patients who require urgent surgical intervention. We advise the use of thorax computerised tomography for preoperative screening in all DFU patients with severe signs of infection and especially those requiring urgent surgery for both the detection of the possible undiagnosed COVID-19 in the patient for the need for close follow-up and protection of the surgical and anaesthesiology team.