Exploitation of Sugarcane Bagasse and Environmentally Sustainable Production, Purification, Characterization, and Application of Lovastatin by Aspergillus terreus AUMC 15760 under Solid-State Conditions.

Using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region for identification, three strains of Aspergillus terreus were identified and designated AUMC 15760, AUMC 15762, and AUMC 15763 for the Assiut University Mycological Centre culture collection. The ability of the three strains to manufacture lovastatin in solid-state fermentation (SSF) using wheat bran was assessed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The most potent strain was strain AUMC 15760, which was chosen to ferment nine types of lignocellulosic waste (barley bran, bean hay, date palm leaves, flax seeds, orange peels, rice straw, soy bean, sugarcane bagasse, and wheat bran), with sugarcane bagasse turning out to be the best substrate. After 10 days at pH 6.0 at 25 °C using sodium nitrate as the nitrogen source and a moisture content of 70%, the lovastatin output reached its maximum quantity (18.2 mg/g substrate). The medication was produced in lactone form as a white powder in its purest form using column chromatography. In-depth spectroscopy examination, including 1H, 13C-NMR, HR-ESI-MS, optical density, and LC-MS/MS analysis, as well as a comparison of the physical and spectroscopic data with published data, were used to identify the medication. At an IC50 of 69.536 ± 5.73 µM, the purified lovastatin displayed DPPH activity. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis had MICs of 1.25 mg/mL, whereas Candida albicans and Candida glabrata had MICs of 2.5 mg/mL and 5.0 mg/mL, respectively, against pure lovastatin. As a component of sustainable development, this study offers a green (environmentally friendly) method for using sugarcane bagasse waste to produce valuable chemicals and value-added commodities.

Properties of modified carboxymethyl cellulose and its use as bioactive compound.

The present study deals with synthesizing novel cellulose derivative, from modifying the carboxymethyl cellulose with amino phenylpropanoic acid (CMC-APP). The synthesized CMC-APP was evaluated as biological and anti-cancer active compound. The molecular structures of this active compound were built using the HyperChem program 7.5, together with conventional analysis (nitrogen content, FT-IR, and non-isothermal TGA analysis). Optimizing the CMC/APPA ratio was carried out as preliminary assessment step, via undetected antimicrobial activity measurement. The TEM study showed that, the synthesized cellulose CMC-APP derivative in the nano-scale particle size (range from 12.5 to 89.3nm). Among all the tested microorganisms and MCF-7 breast cancer cells, the synthesized nano-cellulose derivative is possible used as safety medicine for microbial infections and cancers. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Gram-positive bacteria, and gram-negative bacteria are 48.82µg/mL and 97µg/mL, respectively. While, the unicellular fungi and filamentous fungi are 12.2µg/mL and 97.65µg/mL, respectively. The cytotoxic index (IC50) for MCF-7 breast cancers is 50µg/mL. Moreover, the computational study of ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination and toxic) properties, of the molecules showed that, this investigated nano-compound is good oral bioavailability.

Development of merosporangia in Linderina pennispora (Kickxellales, Kickxellaceae).

The vegetative and sporulating structures of Linderina pennispora are described using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The vegetative hyphae and sporangiophores were regularly septate, possessed a two-layered wall, and coated with rod-shaped, 0.2-0.7 µm long, 0.15-0.25 µm wide ornamentations. The sporangiophore was erect, cylindrical, and narrower (4-8 µm) than the vegetative mycelium (8-12 µm). The mature sporocladium was ovoid to dome-shaped, sessile, non-septate, 18-24 µm diam, possessed a two-layered wall, and coated with rod-shaped ornamentations. Mature pseudophialides were ellipsoid, 2.0-2.5 µm wide, 4-7 µm long, possessed a two-layered wall, and formed in a series of concentric groups radiating from the "apex" of the sporocladium. The pseudophialides had a round, ca. 1.5 µm diam, base with a narrower, 0.7-0.8 µm diam lobed, cylindrical neck structure in the distal region which extended to the pseudophialide neck. The merosporangia were obovate, 3-4 µm wide near the base, and narrowed distally to 2.0-2.5 µm wide, 18-23 µm long, possessed a three-layered wall, with regular surface annulation with interconnecting ridges, but lacked rod-shaped ornamentations. The merosporangia contained a single, obovate, 2.3-2.5 µm diam merosporangiospore, with a ca. 1 µm diam papilla-like base, that possessed a four-layered wall. Detached merosporangia had a single, acicular, unbranched, 3-5 µm long, ca. 0.1 µm diam "appendage" that was attached to the merosporangiospore inner cell wall layer and passed through the septum plug to the pseudophialide.