Long Noncoding RNA PVT1 as a Potent Predictor of Prognosis in Cancers: a Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1), an oncogenic long noncoding RNA located in a recognized cancer-risk gene region-8q24, is significantly overexpressed in various cancers. Many studies have found that high expression of PVT1 was correlated with poor prognosis. METHODS: This meta-analysis was performed by searching electronic databases Pubmed, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang, and ChongQing VIP for eligible papers on the prognostic impact and clinicopathological characteristics of PVT1 expression in cancer from inception to January 31, 2017. The hazard ratio (HR) and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed to estimate the pooled effect of PVT1 on prognosis of cancers using Stata 12.0 version software. RESULTS: Thirteen studies were finally included in this review with a total of 1559 patients. The pooled result indicated that overexpressed PVT1 predicts a poorer prognosis of cancerous patients for overall survival (HR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.61 - 2.26, p < 0.001) and disease-free survival (HR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.46 - 2.48, p < 0.001) or recurrencefree survival (HR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.24 - 2.52, p = 0.002) or progression-free survival (HR = 2.84, 95% CI: 1.67 - 4.82, p < 0.001). High expression of PVT1 was closely associated with tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (III/IV vs. I/II: OR = 3.19, 95% CI: 2.43 - 4.18, p < 0.001), and the significant correlation between PVT1 expression and TNM stage is found in T classification (T3/4 vs. T1/2: OR = 6.48, 95% CI: 2.93 - 14.31, p < 0.001) and lymph node metastasis (present vs. absent: OR = 2.56, 95% CI:1.36 - 4.80, p = 0.003), but not in distant metastasis of patients with cancers (yes vs. no: OR = 2.50, 95% CI: 0.72 - 8.66, p = 0.15). Furthermore, the cancerous patients with high PVT1 expression had a worse histological differentiation than those with low PVT1 expression (undifferentiated/poorly vs. moderately/well: OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.02 - 2.14, p = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS: PVT1 could serve as a potent predicator of prognosis in different types of cancers.

Identification of differentially expressed proteins of normal and cancerous human colorectal tissues by liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer based on iTRAQ approach.

Liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer (LC/MS) based labeled with isobaric mass tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) analyses were performed to identify differentially expressed proteins from normal and cancerous human colorectal tissues. Around 802 proteins were identified, 68 proteins of which were defined as differentially expressed proteins. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that these differentially expressed proteins correlated with several specific cellular processes and pathways which have relationships with pathological changes of colorectal cancer (CRC). EHD2 were selected to verify its expression patterns and localization using western blotting and immunohistochemistry respectively. LC/MS-based iTRAQ proteomic approach would provide new information about the character of CRC.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma metastases to kidney and renal hilar lymph nodes through epithelial-mesenchymal transition: a case report and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Esophageal cancer (EC) metastasized to the kidney is extremely rare clinically. Here, we present a case of metachronous renal metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). CASE PRESENTATION: A 60-year-old patient, male, complained of left waist pain for 5 days, 11 months after radical esophagectomy. Laboratory tests revealed haematuria. Both CT and PET-CT scan showed retroperitoneal lymph nodes and left renal masses. Subsequently the patient received a left nephrectomy and lymph nodes resection, and squamous cell carcinoma of kidney and renal hilar lymph nodes was diagnosed, combined with morphology, medical history and immunophenotype, it was presumed to be metastasis of ESCC through the EMT pathway. CONCLUSIONS: The renal metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma should be considered in patients with history of EC, although this is very rare. Histopathological examination combined with immunochemical detection is helpful in differential diagnosis.

Serum peptidome patterns of colorectal cancer based on magnetic bead separation and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis.

Background. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in the world, identification of biomarkers for early detection of CRC represents a relevant target. The present study aims to determine serum peptidome patterns for CRC diagnosis. Methods. The present work focused on serum proteomic analysis of 32 health volunteers and 38 CRC by ClinProt Kit combined with mass spectrometry. This approach allowed the construction of a peptide patterns able to differentiate the studied populations. An independent group of serum (including 33 health volunteers, 34 CRC, 16 colorectal adenoma, 36 esophageal carcinoma, and 31 gastric carcinoma samples) was used to verify the diagnostic and differential diagnostic capability of the peptidome patterns blindly. An immunoassay method was used to determine serum CEA of CRC and controls. Results. A quick classifier algorithm was used to construct the peptidome patterns for identification of CRC from controls. Two of the identified peaks at m/z 741 and 7772 were used to construct peptidome patterns, achieving an accuracy close to 100% (>CEA, P < 0.05). Furthermore, the peptidome patterns could differentiate validation group with high accuracy. Conclusions. These results suggest that the ClinProt Kit combined with mass spectrometry yields significantly higher accuracy for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of CRC.

Serum peptidome patterns for early screening of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common cancers in the world. Early diagnosis is critical for guiding the therapeutic management of ESCC. The present study aims to determine serum peptidome patterns for diagnosing ESCC. To identify novel peptidome patterns for diagnosing ESCC, sera from 31 healthy volunteers and 32 ESCC patients were subjected to a comparative proteomic analysis using a ClinProt™ Kit combined with mass spectrometry (MS). This approach enables the determination of peptidome patterns that can differentiate between ESCC sera and sera from healthy volunteers. For further validation, the diagnostic and differential diagnostic capabilities of the peptidome patterns were verified blindly by using an independent group of sera, consisting of sera from 31 ESCC patients, 33 healthy volunteers, 38 colorectal patients, and 36 gastric cancer patients. A Quick Classifier Algorithm was used to construct the peptidome patterns for the identification of ESCC from the control samples. Five of the identified peaks at mass to charge ratios 759, 786, 1,866, 3,316, and 6,634 were used to construct the peptidome patterns with almost 100% accuracy. Furthermore, the peptidome patterns could also differentiate the validation group with high accuracy. These results suggest that the ClinProt™ Kit combined with MS achieves significantly high accuracy for ESCC diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

Discovery and verification of gelsolin as a potential biomarker of colorectal adenocarcinoma in the Chinese population: Examining differential protein expression using an iTRAQ labelling-based proteomics approach.

OBJECTIVE: To identify and validate potential biomarkers of colorectal adenocarcinoma using a proteomic approach. METHODS: Multidimensional liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to analyze biological samples labelled with isobaric mass tags for relative and absolute quantitation to identify differentially expressed proteins in human colorectal adenocarcinoma and paired normal mucosa for the discovery of cancerous biomarkers. Cancerous and noncancerous samples were compared using online and offline separation. Protein identification was performed using mass spectrometry. The downregulation of gelsolin protein in colorectal adenocarcinoma samples was confirmed by Western blot analysis and validated using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: A total of 802 nonredundant proteins were identified in colorectal adenocarcinoma samples, 82 of which fell outside the expression range of 0.8 to 1.2, and were considered to be potential cancer-specific proteins. Immunohistochemistry revealed a complete absence of gelsolin expression in 86.89% of samples and a reduction of expression in 13.11% of samples, yielding a sensitivity of 86.89% and a specificity of 100% for distinguishing colorectal adenocarcinoma from normal tissue. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that decreased expression of gelsolin is a potential biomarker of colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Pathological characteristics and genetic features of melanin-producing medullary thyroid carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinicopathological characteristics and genetic features of melanin-producing medullary thyroid carcinoma (MP-MTC). METHODS: The immunophenotype of MP-MTC was studied using the immunohistochemical method, and its genetic features were assayed using an amplification refractory mutation system or PCR method. RESULTS: A 71-year-old man presented with a slowly growing 5-cm mass on the left side of the neck for approximately two months. The cut surface of the neoplasm was brown and black. Melanin was found in the cytoplasm of tumor cells or the extracellular matrix. The tumor cells were positive for AE1/AE3, S-100 protein, melan A, HMB-45, synaptophysin, calcitonin, chromogranin A, melanoma, and thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) and negative for thyroglobulin. No typical genetic features were observed in this case. The patient showed no symptoms and recurrence at 12 months after the operation. CONCLUSIONS: The tumor cells of MP-MTC were positive for melanin biomarkers, TTF-1 and exhibited no genetic features. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of the tumor cells will aid accurate diagnosis.

Association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the RAGE gene and its gene- environment interactions with diabetic nephropathy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.

AIMS: To investigate the association of several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within RAGE gene and additional gene- smoking interaction with diabetic nephropathy (DN) risk in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: A total of 865 participants (570 males, 295 females) were selected, including 430 T2DM complicated DN patients and 435 controls (T2DM patients without DN). Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) was used to screen the best interaction combination among SNPs and smoking. Logistic regression was performed to investigate impact of 4 SNPs within RAGE gene, additional gene- smoking interaction on DN risk. RESULTS: DN risk was significantly higher in carriers with the C allele of rs1800625 than those with TT genotype, adjusted OR (95%CI) =1.57 (1.16-2.17), and higher in carriers with the T allele of rs184003 than those with GG genotype, adjusted OR (95%CI) = 1.64 (1.21-2.12). GMDR model indicated a significant two-locus model (p=0.0010) involving rs1800625 and smoking, the cross-validation consistency of this two- locus model was 10/ 10, and the testing accuracy was 60.72%. We also conducted stratified analysis for the significant models in the GMDR analysis by using logistic regression. We found that current smokers with rs1800625- TC or CC genotype have the highest DN risk, compared with never- smokers with rs1800625- TT genotype, OR (95%CI) = 2.92 (1.94 -3.96), after covariates adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: We found that the C allele of rs1800625 and the T allele of rs184003 within RAGE gene, interaction between rs1800625 and smoking were all associated with increased DN risk.

Macrophage mannose receptor 1 and S100A9 were identified as serum diagnostic biomarkers for colorectal cancer through a label-free quantitative proteomic analysis.

BACKGROUND: Simple blood tests that could be used for early detection are crucial for the ultimate control and prevention of colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we performed a serum proteomic analysis of CRC and health volunteers to identify the novel biomarkers involved in CRC. METHOD: A shotgun proteomic method was applied to identify serum proteins in the serum samples of three CRC and three health volunteers using a combination of high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Label-free protein profiling was conducted to quantify the proteins and compare the profiles of the CRC and health volunteers. Two differentially expressed proteins were further validated by western blot analysis. Quantity analysis was performed through enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in serum from 96 healthy and 118 CRC volunteers. RESULTS: Among of the 373 identified proteins, 69 were linked to CRC (33 upregulated and 36 downregulated). The Gene Ontology and DAVID databases were used to identify the location and function of the different proteins. Among the 69 proteins linked to CRC, two proteins, namely, macrophage mannose receptor 1 (MRC1) and S100A9, were verified to be upregulated in CRC by western blot analysis and could be used to identify CRC from healthy volunteers with high accuracy through ELISA analysis. CONCLUSION: MRC1 and S100A9 may contribute to the determination of the mechanisms and screening involved in CRC.

Integrative bioinformatics and proteomics-based discovery of an eEF2K inhibitor (cefatrizine) with ER stress modulation in breast cancer cells.

Eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase (eEF2K), a unique calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, is well known to regulate apoptosis, autophagy and ER stress in many types of human cancers. Therefore, eEF2K would be regarded as a promising therapeutic target; however, the eEF2K-regulated mechanism and its targeted inhibitor still remain to be discovered in cancer. Herein, we constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of eEF2K and achieved an eEF2K-regulated ER stress subnetwork by bioinformatics prediction. Then, we found that the differential protein expressions involved in ER stress in the context of si-eEF2K-treated MCF-7 and MDA-MB-436 cells by iTRAQ-based analyses, respectively. Integrated into these aforementioned results, we constructed a core eEF2K-regulated ER stress subnetwork in breast cancer cells. Subsequently, we screened a series of candidate compounds targeting eEF2K and discovered a novel eEF2K inhibitor (cefatrizine) with an anti-proliferative activity toward breast cancer cells. Moreover, we found that cefatrizine induced ER stress in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-436 cells. Interestingly, we demonstrated that the mechanism of cefatrizine-induced ER stress was in good agreement with our bioinformatics and proteomics-based results. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that a novel eEF2K inhibitor (cefatrizine) induces ER stress in breast cancer cells by integrating bioinformatics prediction, proteomics analyses and experimental validation, which would provide a clue for exploring more mechanisms of eEF2K and its targeted inhibitors in cancer therapy.

Label-free quantitative mass spectrometry reveals a panel of differentially expressed proteins in colorectal cancer.

To identify potential biomarkers involved in CRC, a shotgun proteomic method was applied to identify soluble proteins in three CRCs and matched normal mucosal tissues using high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Label-free protein profiling of three CRCs and matched normal mucosal tissues were then conducted to quantify and compare proteins. Results showed that 67 of the 784 identified proteins were linked to CRC (28 upregulated and 39 downregulated). Gene Ontology and DAVID databases were searched to identify the location and function of differential proteins that were related to the biological processes of binding, cell structure, signal transduction, cell adhesion, and so on. Among the differentially expressed proteins, tropomyosin-3 (TPM3), endoplasmic reticulum resident protein 29 (ERp29), 18 kDa cationic antimicrobial protein (CAMP), and heat shock 70 kDa protein 8 (HSPA8) were verified to be upregulated in CRC tissue and seven cell lines through western blot analysis. Furthermore, the upregulation of TPM3, ERp29, CAMP, and HSPA8 was validated in 69 CRCs byimmunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. Combination of TPM3, ERp29, CAMP, and HSPA8 can identify CRC from matched normal mucosal achieving an accuracy of 73.2% using IHC score. These results suggest that TPM3, ERp29, CAMP, and HSPA8 are great potential IHC diagnostic biomarkers for CRC.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms of toll-like receptor 7 in hepatitis C virus infection patients from a high-risk chinese population.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection varies in the outcomes depending on both viral and host factors. This study aims to investigate the associations of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), rs179016, rs5743733, and rs1634323, with susceptibility to HCV infection and clearance. The three SNPs were genotyped in a high-risk Chinese population, including 444 HCV spontaneous clearance cases, 732 persistent infection cases, and 1107 healthy controls. The G allele of rs1634323 was related to the protection from persistent infection among females (dominant model: odds ratio (OR) = 0.558, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 0.348-0.894, P = 0.015). This protective effect was more evident in blood donation and HCV non-1 genotype-infected subgroups (all P < 0.05). The carriage of rs179016 C allele was more prone to develop persistent infection (OR = 1.444, 95 % CI = 1.096-1.903, P = 0.009) in males, and the risk effect remained significant among older (>50 years), hemodialysis (HD), and HCV-1 and HCV non-1 genotypes-infected subjects (all P < 0.05). Haplotype analyses showed that CCA haplotype among females was correlated with the elevated risk of HCV susceptibility while the carriage of GGA was more prone to be infected with HCV and CCA was more likely to develop persistent infection (all P < 0.05) among males. Our results first demonstrated that the carriage of rs179016 C allele had a negative effect on spontaneous clearance of HCV among males while rs1634323 G allele conferred a protective effect against persistent infection among female subjects.

Serum peptidome patterns of hepatocellular carcinoma based on magnetic bead separation and mass spectrometry analysis.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The only hope for a cure from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) rests on early diagnosis. The present study aims to determine serum peptidome patterns for early diagnosis of HCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To identify novel peptidome patterns for diagnosing HCC, serum from31 healthy volunteers and 32 HCC patients were subjected to a comparative proteomic analysis using a ClinProt Kit combined with mass spectrometry (MS). This approach allows the determination of peptidome patterns that are able to differentiate the HCC from healthy volunteers. For further validation, the diagnostic and differential diagnostic capabilities of the peptidome patterns were verified blindly by an independent group of sera consisted of 31 HCC, 23 liver fibrosis and 33 healthy volunteers. RESULTS: A Quick Classifier Algorithm was used to construct the peptidome patterns for the identification of HCC from the control samples. One of the identified peaks at m/z 7771 was used to construct the peptidome patterns with almost 100% accuracy. Furthermore, the peptidome patterns could also differentiate the validation group with high accuracy. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the ClinProt Kit combined with MS achieves significantly high accuracy for HCC diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

Identification alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein precursor and tubulin beta chain as serology diagnosis biomarker of colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major worldwide cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality largely due to the insidious onset of the disease. The current clinical procedures utilized for disease diagnosis are invasive, unpleasant, and inconvenient. Hence, the need for simple blood tests that could be used for the early detection is crucial for its ultimate control and prevention. METHODS: The present work is a case-control study focused on proteomic analysis of serum of healthy volunteers and CRC patients by the ClinProt profiling technology based on mass spectrometry. This approach allowed to identifying a pattern of proteins/peptides able to differentiate the studied populations. Moreover, some of peptides differentially expressed in the serum of patients as compared to healthy volunteers were identified by LTQ Orbitrap XL. RESULTS: A Quick Classifier Algorithm was used to construct the peptidome patterns (m/z 1208, 1467, 1505, 1618, 1656 and 4215) for the identification of CRC from healthy volunteers with accuracy close to 100% (>CEA, P < 0.05). Peaks at m/z 1505 and 1618 were identified as alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein precursor and tubulin beta chain, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein precursor and tubulin beta chain could be involved in the pathogenesis of CRC and perform as potential serology diagnosis biomarker. VIRTUAL SLIDES: The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/4796578761089186.

Toll-like receptor 7 variations are associated with the susceptibility to HCV infection among Chinese females.

Toll-like receptors 7 (TLR7) play a crucial role in provoking an immune response in HCV infection. We aimed to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TLR7, including rs179009, rs179010 and rs179012, affect the outcomes of HCV infection among the Chinese population. A total of 1767 Chinese Han individuals were enrolled. The distribution of SNP frequencies among three groups with different outcomes of HCV infection was assessed, including healthy controls, cases with spontaneous clearance and cases with viral persistence. Then TLR7 mRNA expression and the production of IFN-α and IL-6 after TLR7 agonist Imiquimod stimulation in vitro were determined. Our results suggested that rs179009 GG genotype was significantly associated with a higher risk of the susceptibility to HCV infection among female subjects (OR=2.42, 95% CI=1.24-4.71, P=0.01). Haplotype GCG was significantly associated with a high risk for HCV susceptibility (OR=1.50, 95% CI=1.11-2.03, P=0.01) as compared with the reference haplotype ACG among females. In the functional research of rs179009, a lower IFN-α level was observed in GG genotype than in AA genotype (P=0.032). Our data indicate that TLR7 rs179009 GG genotype and haplotype GCG were associated with an increased risk of the susceptibility to HCV infection among Chinese females, which may be due to the impaired IFN-α response.

Tubulin beta chain, filamin A alpha isoform 1, and cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1 as serological diagnostic biomarkers of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a proteomics study.

Despite the major advances in diagnosis and treatment, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains a major life-threatening disease. Early diagnosis is critical for guiding the therapeutic management of ESCC. This case-control study focused on the proteomic analysis of serum of healthy volunteers and ESCC patients using the ClinProt profiling technology based on mass spectrometry. A total of 80 healthy volunteers and 119 ESCC patients were enrolled. We identified a pattern of proteins/peptides (including m/z 1867, 2700, and 2094) and differentiated ESCC patients from healthy volunteers with sensitivity and specificity close to 100%. Using mass spectrometry (LTQ orbitrap XL), tubulin beta chain, filamin A alpha isoform 1, and cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1 were identified as the three differentially expressed proteins/peptides in the patient serum. These three dysregulated proteins/peptides could be involved in the pathogenesis of ESCC and may serve as putative serological diagnostic biomarkers of ESCC. We suggest that further proteomics and multi-omics research are warranted to identify novel post-genomics diagnostics that can in the future pave the way for personalized medicine for patients with ESCC, a cancer for which we currently lack an integrated battery of diagnostics in the field of oncology.

Identification of tubulin beta chain, thymosin beta-4-like protein 3, and cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1 as serological diagnostic biomarkers of gastric cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Despite major advances in its diagnosis and treatment, gastric cancer (GC) remains a major life-threatening disease. Treatment of the disease is further aggravated by the lack of diagnostic biomarkers that can aid in the early detection of GC and promote its favorable prognosis. The present work aims to identify novel diagnostic biomarkers for GC. DESIGN AND METHODS: The present work is a case-control study that focuses on proteomic analysis of serum from healthy volunteers and GC patients using ClinProt profiling technology based on mass spectrometry. A pattern of proteins/peptides with the ability to differentiate the studied populations was identified. Deregulated proteins/peptides differentially expressed in the serum of patients compared with healthy volunteers were identified by mass spectroscopy. RESULTS: A pattern of proteins/peptides consisting of four protein/peptide peaks at m/z 1467, 1867, 2701, and 2094 was identified. These protein/peptide peaks were able to differentiate the studied populations with close to 100% sensitivity and specificity. Three of the deregulated proteins/peptides at m/z 1867, 2701, and 2094 were identified by mass spectroscopy (LTQ Orbitrap XL) as tubulin beta chain, thymosin beta-4-like protein 3, and cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The pattern of proteins/peptides identified in the present work shows great potential for GC diagnosis. Deregulated proteins of tubulin beta chain, thymosin beta-4-like protein 3, and cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of GC and serve as potential serological diagnostic biomarkers.

Serum peptidome patterns of breast cancer based on magnetic bead separation and mass spectrometry analysis.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world, and the identification of biomarkers for the early detection of breast cancer is a relevant target. The present study aims to determine serum peptidome patterns for screening of breast cancer. METHODS: The present work focused on the serum proteomic analysis of 36 healthy volunteers and 37 breast cancer patients using a ClinProt Kit combined with mass spectrometry (MS). This approach allows the determination of peptidome patterns that are able to differentiate the studied populations. An independent group of sera (36 healthy volunteers and 37 breast cancer patients) was used to verify the diagnostic capabilities of the peptidome patterns blindly. An immunoassay method was used to determine the serum mucin 1 (CA15-3) of validation group samples. RESULTS: Support Vector Machine (SVM) Algorithm was used to construct the peptidome patterns for the identification of breast cancer from the healthy volunteers. Three of the identified peaks at m/z 698, 720 and 1866 were used to construct the peptidome patterns with 91.78% accuracy. Furthermore, the peptidome patterns could differentiate the validation group achieving a sensitivity of 91.89% (34/37) and a specitivity of 91.67% (33/36) (> CA 15-3, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the ClinProt Kit combined with MS shows great potentiality for the diagnosis of breast cancer. VIRTUAL SLIDES: The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1501556838687844.

Identification of the up-regulation of TP-alpha, collagen alpha-1(VI) chain, and S100A9 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by a proteomic method.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common primary malignant tumor of digestive tract. However, the early diagnosis and molecular mechanisms that underlie tumor formation and progression have been progressed less. To identify new biomarkers for ESCC, we performed a comparative proteomic research. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation-based proteomic method was used to screen biomarkers between ESCC and normal. 802 non-redundant proteins were identified, 39 of which were differentially expressed with 1.5-fold difference (29 up-regulated and 10 down-regulated). Through Swiss-Prot and GO database, the location and function of differential proteins were analyzed, which are related to the biological processes of binding, cell structure, signal transduction, cell adhesion, etc. Among the differentially expressed proteins, TP-alpha, collagen alpha-1(VI) chain and S100A9 were verified to be upregulated in 77.19%, 75.44% and 59.65% of ESCC by immunohistochemistry and western-blot. Diagnostic value of these three proteins was validated. These results provide new insights into ESCC biology and potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers, which suggest that TP-alpha, collagen alpha-1(VI) chain and S100A9 are potential biomarkers of ESCC, and may play an important role in tumorigenesis and development of ESCC.

Identification of Regional Lymph Node Involvement of Colorectal Cancer by Serum SELDI Proteomic Patterns.

Background. To explore the application of serum proteomic patterns for the preoperative detection of regional lymph node involvement of colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods. Serum samples were applied to immobilized metal affinity capture ProteinChip to generate mass spectra by Surface-Enhanced Laser Desorption/ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS). Proteomic spectra of serum samples from 70 node-positive CRC patients and 75 age- and gender-matched node-negative CRC patients were employed as a training set, and a classification tree was generated by using Biomarker Pattern Software package. The validity of the classification tree was then challenged with a blind test set including another 65 CRC patients. Results. The software identified an average of 46 mass peaks/spectrum and 5 of the identified peaks at m/z 3,104, 3,781, 5,867, 7,970, and 9,290 were used to construct the classification tree. The classification tree separated effectively node-positive CRC patients from node-negative CRC patients, achieving a sensitivity of 94.29% and a specificity of 100.00%. The blind test challenged the model independently with a sensitivity of 91.43% a specificity of 96.67%. Conclusions. The results indicate that SELDI-TOF-MS can correctly distinguish node-positive CRC patients from node-negative ones and show great potential for preoperative screening for regional lymph node involvement of CRC.