Mammography use among women aged 18-39 years in the United States.

PURPOSE: Recommendations for breast cancer screening using mammography target asymptomatic women aged ≥ 40 years who are not at increased risk for breast cancer. Evidence is not available to demonstrate benefits of screening with mammography at younger ages, and little is known about mammography use among younger women. This study described mammography use among women aged 18-39 years. METHODS: We analyzed data from the 2011-2015 National Survey of Family Growth, an in-person survey of a nationally representative sample of the U.S. household population. We estimated the prevalence of ever receiving a mammogram and examined reasons for the first mammograms among women aged 18-39 years without personal cancer history (n = 8324). We classified the first mammogram as a screening examination if it was performed either as part of a routine exam or because of family history of cancer. RESULTS: Among women aged 18-39 years, 14.3% (95% CI 13.2-15.4) reported ever having a mammogram. Prevalence of mammography use was highest among women aged 35-39 years (31.0%, 95% CI 27.8-34.5), and was higher among non-Hispanic black women than in other race/ethnicity groups. Women with a family history of breast cancer reported a higher prevalence of mammography use than women without this family history. For both women with and without a family history of breast cancer, about half of all first mammograms were performed for screening reasons. CONCLUSIONS: Among U.S. women aged 18-39 years with no personal cancer history, one in seven reported having received a mammogram. Women with no family history of breast cancer were as likely as those with a family history to initiate breast cancer screening with mammography before age 40. Our findings provide evidence that supports further research to examine factors that prompt young women to receive screening mammograms.

Are adults diagnosed with diabetes achieving the American Diabetes Association clinical practice recommendations?

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the proportion of adults with previously diagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM) who met selected preventive practices and treatment goals according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) standards of medical care. METHODS: A secondary analysis of data collected for a previous epidemiologic study that used a probability cluster design to select 859 persons aged 21-79 years in the San Juan metropolitan area was undertaken. This study focused on 136 (15.8%) adults who self-reported DM. The Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes published by the ADA in 2011 were used to determine the proportion of adults achieving selected clinical practice recommendations. RESULTS: Less than half of adults achieved recommended treatment goals for LDL-cholesterol (47.8%), HDL-cholesterol (44.1%), blood pressure (41.2%) and HbAlc (28.7%). The percentage of adults achieving recommended levels of HbAlc, blood pressure and LDL-cholesterol simultaneously was 6.6%; the percentage achieving HbA1c, blood pressure, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and albumin-to-creatinine ratio target levels was only 2.2%. More than half (60.2%) reported daily self-monitoring of foot ulcers and HbAlc testing at least twice over the past year (52.3%). However, less than half reported annual dilated eye examination (49.2%), annual comprehensive foot examination (43.8%), daily self-monitoring blood glucose (37.5%), moderate or vigorous physical activity (33.8%), and self-management DM education (28.9%). CONCLUSION: This study showed that a substantial proportion of adults with DM did not achieve ADA recommendations on selected preventive practices and treatment goals. Strategies to improve DM medical care and surveillance of preventive-care practices and treatment goals among affected individuals are essential for planning further initiatives that contribute to reduce the burden of DM complications.

Fertility of Men and Women Aged 15-44 in the United States: National Survey of Family Growth, 2011-2015.

This report presents national estimates of selected fertility measures for men and women aged 15-44 in the United States in 2011-2015 based on data from the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG). Estimates for 2011-2015 are compared with those for 2006-2010.

Main Reasons for Never Testing for HIV Among Women and Men Aged 15-44 in the United States, 2011-2015.

This report presents the percentage of men and women aged 15-44 in the United States who have never been tested for HIV outside of blood or blood product donation based on 2011-2015 data from the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG). Additionally, this report describes the main reasons reported for having never been tested for HIV. Data are shown by selected demographic characteristics and HIV risk-related behaviors.

Sexual Behavior, Sexual Attraction, and Sexual Orientation Among Adults Aged 18-44 in the United States: Data From the 2011-2013 National Survey of Family Growth.

OBJECTIVE: This report provides national estimates of sexual behavior, sexual attraction, and sexual orientation among women and men aged 18-44 in the United States, based on the 2011-2013 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG). METHODS: Data for the 2011-2013 NSFG were collected through in-person interviews with 10,416 women and men aged 15-44 in the household population in the United States. In this report, data are shown only for 9,175 adults aged 18-44. The data presented in this report were primarily collected using audio computer-assisted self-interviewing, in which the respondent enters his or her answers into the computer without telling them to an interviewer. The overall response rate for the 2011-2013 NSFG was 72.8%. RESULTS: Regarding opposite-sex sexual behavior, 94.2% of women and 92.0% of men aged 18-44 had ever had vaginal intercourse; 86.2% of women and 87.4% of men had ever had oral sex; and 35.9% of women and 42.3% of men had ever had anal sex. Almost three times as many women (17.4%) reported any same-sex contact in their lifetime compared with men (6.2%) aged 18-44. Feelings of attraction "only to the opposite sex" were more common for men (92.1%) compared with women (81.0%) aged 18-44. Among those aged 18-44, 92.3% of women and 95.1% of men said they were "heterosexual or straight"; 1.3% of women and 1.9% of men said they were "homosexual, gay, or lesbian"; 5.5% of women and 2.0% of men said they were bisexual; and 0.9% of women and 1.0% of men said "don't know" or "refused" (i.e., "did not report") on sexual orientation. Sexual attraction and sexual orientation correlate closely but not completely with reports of sexual behavior. Sexual behavior, sexual attraction, and sexual orientation vary by age, marital or cohabiting status, education, and race and Hispanic origin.

HIV Testing in the Past Year Among the U.S. Household Population Aged 15-44: 2011-2013.

KEY FINDINGS: Overall, 19% of persons aged 15-44 in 2011-2013 had been tested for HIV in the past year, including 22% of females and 16% of males. Higher percentages of HIV testing in the past year were seen for persons aged 15-34 compared with those aged 35-44, and for non-Hispanic black persons compared with other race and ethnicity groups. Four of 10 males who had same-sex sexual contact in the past year had been tested for HIV in the past year, compared with 2 of 10 who had opposite-sex sexual contact in the past year. Levels of HIV testing in the past year were higher for persons with behaviors that increase HIV risk, including having one or more same-sex partners or higher numbers of opposite-sex sexual partners in the past year.

Use of family planning and related medical services among women aged 15-44 in the United States: National Survey of Family Growth, 2006-2010.

OBJECTIVE: This report presents national estimates of the use of family planning services and related medical services among women aged 15-44 in the United States in 2006-2010. Selected indicators are compared with similar measures for 2002 and 1995 to examine changes over time. METHODS: Data for this report come primarily from the 2006-2010 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG), which included 12,279 interviews with women aged 15-44. The response rate for women in the 2006-2010 NSFG was 78%. RESULTS: In 2006-2010, 43 million women aged 15-44 received a family planning or related medical service in the previous 12 months. A Pap test and a pelvic exam were the most common services received by women in the previous year, followed by receipt of a method of birth control. About 18% of women received a family planning or related medical service from a clinic in the past 12 months and one-half of these women received it from a Title X-funded clinic. In contrast, 53% of women received a family planning or related medical service in the past 12 months from a private doctor. Use of Title X-funded clinics was more common among women in cohabiting unions, black and Hispanic women, those who lived in nonmetropolitan areas, those below the poverty level, and those without health insurance.