On the occurrence of Anaecypris hispanica, an extremely endangered Iberian endemism, in the Guadalquivir River basin.

The jarabugo Anaecypris hispanica, considered endemic to the Guadiana River basin, has been found in the Guadalquivir River. First genetic data showed a high degree of similarity to those of the Guadiana River populations. The genetic study recovered five different groups of haplotypes, the Guadalquivir River specimens belong to the largest and most widely extended group.

Initial effects of the toxic waste spill (Aznalcóllar mine accident) on the aquatic macrofauna of the Guadalquivir Estuary.

The initial effects of the toxic waste spill in April 1998 at the Aznalcóllar mine (SW Spain) on the nektonic community of the Guadalquivir Estuary were examined at three sampling sites using univariate and multivariate techniques. Since studied communities showed a considerable seasonal trend, only seasonally homogenous periods were compared to analyse effects of the spill: May-August 1997 (before spill) and May-August 1998 (after spill). Results of both techniques (two-way nested ANOVA and ANOSIM tests, P > 0.05) indicated that there was no significant difference between the nektonic community of the estuary before and after the spill (monthly number of species, abundance, biomass and similarity among samples). Conversely, an unusually high density was observed at the outer sampling site immediately after the spill for species typical of more stagnant estuarine habitats. This feature seems to indicate that the fauna in the estuarine area through which the untreated water penetrated into the main course may have been disturbed. Results also suggest that this initial sudden input of fresh water to the estuary could have enhanced the effects of an increased river flow (a drop in the salinity). Nevertheless, longer temporal series of data, especially for permanent estuarine inhabitants, are recommended before conclusions can be drawn on the effects of the toxic waste spill on estuarine communities.

Reproductive biology of the mosquitofish in a permanent natural lagoon in south-west Spain: two tactics for one species

Introduced Gambusia holbrooki in a natural lagoon of southern Spain consisted of two age groups: 1992 cohort, 7-11 months old and 1993 cohort, <4 months old. In the 1992 cohort, females grew even during the gestation period at about 0.30 mm day-1. In the 1993 cohort, females displayed a high growth rate (0.55 mm day-1) and reached reproductive size in a few weeks, but stopped growing when they matured. All the 1992 cohort reproduced from mid-May to mid-June, but only 50% of the 1993 cohort reproduced, from mid-August to mid-September. Reproducing females were significantly larger in the 1992 cohort (39.8 mm) than in the 1993 one (34.8 mm). The largest 1992 females cohort had reproduced previously; the 1993 cohort had not. The mean dry weight of intra-ovarian embryos decreased to a minimum immediately before birth. These metabolic costs represented 29.8 and 31.4% of the initial weights of the 1992 and 1993 embryos, respectively. Mean dry weight of full-term embryo was significantly higher in the 1992 cohort (0.80+/-0.129 mg; 95% CL) than in the 1993 one (0.70+/-0.086 mg; 95% CL). With more females in 1992, cohort fecundity was considerably higher (number of embryos=7151; 63%) than in the 1993 (4193; 37%) cohort. The population completed two generations each year (spring and summer). The spring stock grew slower than the summer one but continued to grow during the gestation period, reaching larger final lengths, with more synchronous reproduction and clearer evidence of a second reproductive event. Each reproductive stock displayed its own life-history characteristics, with significant differences between mean length of reproducing females, growth rate, mean brood size, offspring size, standard fecundity and minimum length at reproduction.

Nekton response to freshwater inputs in a temperate European estuary with regulated riverine inflow.

The aim of this 12-year study was to assess the nekton (fish, decapod crustaceans) response to freshwater inputs (rainfall, dam discharges) in a temperate estuary with regulated riverine inflow. Although interannual variability in river discharges to the Guadalquivir estuary has been extremely high since the construction of a dam in 1930, a significant decreasing trend in the dam's discharges has been observed in the last 80 years. During this study, an alternation of wet, standard and dry years occurred in the estuarine area but no significant long-term trend was observed. River discharge, in turn, showed a considerable interannual variability and a significantly decreasing long-term trend. Freshwater inputs had an immediate effect on estuarine salinity and turbidity, and consequently on prey availability (mysids). Although 124 nektonic species were collected, only 47 of them (adding up to 99.7% of total abundance) were regularly present in the estuary: 32 marine migrants, 13 estuarine species and 2 diadromous species. Well-defined temporal changes in species composition and abundance yielded clear seasonal patterns in the estuarine nektonic community. Considerable intermonth and interannual changes were occasionally observed relating to freshwater inputs, mainly in winter/autumn of wet years. Thus, within each two-month period, some significant interannual differences in the nektonic community were also observed, with marine migrants tending to be more abundant in dry years. However, changes in the studied nektonic community did not show long-term trends. In conclusion, natural and human-controlled freshwater inputs currently play a significant role in determining the physicochemical conditions and the biota of the Guadalquivir estuary. However, although freshwater input seemed to transitorily affect the estuarine nekton, either directly (flushing out) or indirectly (through changes in salinity, turbidity and prey availability), a quick reestablishment of the estuarine nekton (strong resilience) was observed following freshwater inputs together with the recovery of environmental conditions within the estuary.

[Musculoskeletal manifestations in allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]. / Manifestaciones osteomusculares en pacientes sometidos a trasplante alogénico de progenitores hematopoyéticos.

INTRODUCTION: Few studies have examined musculoskeletal manifestations after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT). OBJECTIVE: To investigate the musculoskeletal symptoms observed after AHSCT for distinct hematological and non-hematological diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective, observational study through review of medical records. RESULTS: There were 123 patients who underwent AHSCT from 1996 to 2000: 34 children (aged 5 months-14 years) and 81 adults (aged 15-55 years). There were 48 women (39%) and 75 men (61%). Of these patients, 43 (34.90%) had acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD). Thirty-three out of 106 patients (31.1%) had chronic GVHD (cGVDH) and 50 patients (40.65%) died during follow-up. Musculoskeletal manifestations were found in 14 patients (13.2%): aseptic necrosis in six (5.6%), scleroderma in five (4.7%), arthralgia and bronchiolitis obliterans in one, polyarthralgia in one, and knee monoarthritis in one. CONCLUSIONS: Musculoskeletal manifestations after AHSCT cannot be attributed to a single cause. Inflammatory and fibrosing manifestations can be due to the inflammatory process of cGVHD or to the treatments administered during transplantation.

Nuclear and mitochondrial data reveal high genetic divergence among Atlantic and Mediterranean populations of the Iberian killifish Aphanius iberus (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae).

The molecular divergence and phylogenetic relationships of the Iberian populations of Aphanius iberus were established using allozymes and the complete cytochrome b gene sequence. Congruent results were found with both nuclear and mitochondrial molecular markers. The Mediterranean and Atlantic populations are clearly differentiated into two independent lineages. Their high molecular divergence suggests an early isolation, and the absence of gene flow among the populations indicates their independent evolution. The nuclear and mitochondrial data reveal monophyletic clustering of the two geographical lineages, but provide weak support for the population relationships. However, the mitochondrial results differentiated the Villena population as a distinct mitochondrial unit within the Mediterranean group. Geographically broad studies across the distribution range of A. iberus have helped to elucidate the patterns of diversification of this species. The genetic divergence found between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean populations is of the same order as those found among recognized species of cyprinodontids. The identification of two discrete evolutionary lineages has important implications for the conservation of this species, since its recovery requires the recognition and preservation of natural diversity. The Mediterranean and Atlantic lineages should be managed separately to avoid loss of their genetic identity, and the genetic uniqueness of the populations should be preserved by using wild stocks as the source of genetic diversity in captive breeding programmes.

Dermatomiositis y adenocarcinoma pancreático. Resolución tras gemcitabina / Dermatomiositis and prostatic adenocarcinoma. Solution with gemcitabine

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Infección VIH y sarcoma de Kaposi: a propósito de un caso / About a case of VIH infection and Kaposi´s sarcoma

• Propósito: El sarcoma de Kaposi es el cáncer más frecuente entre los pacientes con infección VIH aunqueel riesgo ha disminuido con el tratamiento antirretroviral. Realizamos una revisión bibliográfica de esta enfermedad.• Material y métodos: Se presenta el caso de un varón de 49 años VIH + diagnosticado de sarcoma deKaposi con afectación visceral y tratado con adriamicina liposomal.• Conclusiones: Si la enfermedad es sintomática, rápidamente progresiva o existe afectación visceral sedebe iniciar quimioterapia

• Purpose: Kaposi’s sarcoma is the most common type of cancer among the patients with acquiredimmunodeficiency syndrome. The incidence diminished substantially with the antiretroviral therapy. We studya case and make a bibliographical review of this entity.• Material and methods: A 49 year old male patient with HIV infection and Kaposi's sarcoma withvisceral involvement who was treated with liposomal doxorubicin is presented.• Conclusion: When the disease is symptomatic, rapidly progressive or shows visceral involvement, asystemic therapy with liposomal anthracycline is advisable

Linfoma Hodgkin óseo: dos casos y revisión / Bone Hodgkin lymphoma: two patients and literature review

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Enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal y hueso / Inlammatory bowel disease and bone

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Paget monostótico de escápula. Una causa de hiperfosfatasemia asintomática / Monostotic Paget's disease of scapule. A cause of symptomatic hyperhosphatasemia

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Dificultades en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la osteoporosis regional por distrofia simpática refleja. a propósito de un caso / Dificulties in the diagnosis and treatment of regional osteoporosis due to reflex sympathetic dystrophy

Una mujer, tras una caída, presenta una fractura de la falange proximal del primer dedo del pie derecho y un esguince de tobillo, que coincidiendo con inmovilidad fue empeorando de su cuadro doloroso con limitación funcional y aparición de una osteoporosis difusa con imágenes líticas, preferentemente en la articulación tibio-peroneo-astragalina, así como en calcáneo.Con este motivo se revisa el diagnóstico de distrofia simpática refleja así como su patogenia y moderna terapéutica (AU)

Síndrome de stauffer o hiperfosfatasemia como síndrome paraneoplásico del hipernefroma / Stauffer's or hyperphosphatasemia syndrome as hypernephroma paraneoplasic syndrome

Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 50 años que consulta por astenia progresiva, prurito de meses de evolución y elevación de enzimas hepáticas espacio-ocupantes. La ecografía abdominal reveló una tumoración renal derecha. La tomografía axial computarizada (TAC) confirmó el hallazgo, no encontrándose otras lesiones extrarrenales de diseminación tumoral. Las alteraciones bioquímicas habían desaparecido un mes más tarde de la extirpación del tumor. Revisamos la literatura sobre esta forma de presentación del tumor renal y el significado pronóstico del síndrome paraneoplásico (AU)