[Exhaled air analysis and its application for diagnosis of the gas exchange abnormalities in COPD patients].

165 participants (100 chronic obstructive lung disease patients (COPD), 30 bronchial asthma patients (BA), and 35 healthy subjects) were examined. This study has aim to investigate possibilities of diagnosis gas exchange abnormalities in COPD patients with the use of capnometry. Capnometry allows to assess such ventilation and gas exchange abnormalities in stage III and IV COPD patients: decrease carbon dioxide production and its elimination impairment; decrease oxygen consumption, increase rest minute lung volume ventilation; tachypnoe and total duration of the respiratory cycle reduction; increase the "dead" space volume and its fraction in the tidal volume.

[The level of cyclic nucleotides and the activity of their phosphodiesterases in the peripheral blood lymphocytes in lung diseases during endolymphatic antibiotic therapy]. / Uroven' tsiklicheskikh nukleotidov i aktivnost' ikh fosfodiésteraz v limfotsitakh perifericheskoi krovi pri zabolevaniiakh legkikh na fone éndolimfaticheskoi antibiotikoterapii.

Fifty patients with chronic bronchitis, 30 with lingering pneumonias and 60 with lung abscesses were examined. The status of the system of cyclic nucleotides and functional properties of T lymphocytes depending on different administrations of antibiotics into the patients' body (endolymphatically or intravenously) were studied over time. The degree of the recovery to normal of the functional status of the T system immunity and cyclic nucleotides turned out significantly higher in patients receiving antibiotics endolymphatically than in those given intravenous injections. This attests to the high efficacy and advantages of endolymphatic antibiotic therapy in patients with inflammation in the lungs and bronchi.

[Endolymphatic therapy in the combined treatment of patients with respiratory diseases]. / Endolimfaticheskaia terapiia v kompleksnom lechenii bol'nykh s nekotorymi zabolevaniiami organov dykhaniia.

Based on a study of the clinical efficacy of endolymphatic administration of antibiotics in 160 patients with different pulmonary diseases the methods of the use of endolymphatic therapy (ET) as part of a complex of therapeutic measures for lung abscess, pneumonia, chronic purulent bronchitis have been devised. The pharmacodynamics of gentamicin, brulamicin, pentrexyl, ketocef and claforan administered endolymphatically has been explored. Positive shifts have been demonstrated in cyclic nucleotides and immune responsiveness during ET, a constituent part of multiple modality treatment.

[Effect of hydralazine on the respiratory function of the lungs and blood gas composition in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis]. / Vliianie gidralazina na ventiliatsionnuiu funktsiiu legkikh i gazovyi sostav krovi u bol'nykh khronicheskim obstruktivnym bronkhitom.

Hydralazine possesses a marked bronchodilating effect. In patients with bronchial obstruction determined by disorder of airway drainage function in combination with noticeable pulmonary sclerotic changes, the use of hydralazine in ineffective and can result in the deterioration of blood oxygenation. Hydralazine at a dose of 50 mg significantly exceeds euphylline at a dose of 0.3 g in the expression and duration of the bronchodilating effect.

[Clinical efficacy of cefixime (results of multicenter trials)]. / Klinicheskaia éffektivnost' tsefiksima (rezultaty mul'titsentrovykh ispytanii.

Multicentre trials of cefixime (Cefspan, Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Japan) were performed in 1992. The trials involved 137 children and 269 adult patients with inflammatory infections of the respiratory organs and urinary tracts and otorhinolaryngologic affections. Positive clinical and bacteriological results of the trials were stated in 76-90 per cent of the cases. The adverse reactions such as skin eruption and dyspepsia were rare and did not require the specific treatment.

[The reasons for the application of endolymphatic therapy in the treatment of purulent lung diseases, complicated by empyema of the pleura]. / Obosnovanie primeniia éndolimfaticheskoi terapii v lechenii gnoinykh zabolevanii legkikh, oslozhnennykh émpiemoi plevry.

Klaforan pharmacodynamics was studied up in pleural exudate and blood serum of the patients with purulent-destructive pulmonary diseases after its single endolymphatic and intravenous introduction in the dose 60 mg/kg of the body mass. Convalescence frequency in control group was 61.6%, in principal-82.9%, lethality-18.6 and 9.3% accordingly.

[Effect of experimental cefuroxime on the immunologic reactivity of the body]. / Vliianie tsefuroksima na immunologicheskuiu reaktivnost' organizma v éksperimente.

The effect of ketocef or cefuroxim, a new cephalosporin antibiotic, on the immune system was studied on mice. The repeated use of the drug for 10 days a dose of 30 mg/kg injected intramuscularly did not result in suppression of the immune status. The number of the rosette forming cells of the thymus and spleen did not change. The production of hemolysin as shown by the number of the antibody forming cells somewhat increased, when the animals were immunized with the sheep red blood cells. A certain decrease in the intensity of the anaphylactic reaction was observed in sensitization of the animals with bovine serum.

[Specific features of tuberculosis in children having its different contacts with patients with active tuberculosis]. / Osobennosti tuberkuleza u detei pri raznykh vidakh kontakta s bol'nymi aktivnymi formami tuberkuleza.

The specific features of tuberculosis and its causes on different contacts were examined. Severe and complicated forms of tuberculosis were found to be diagnosed on all types of contact, which suggests that there is an epidemiological hazard of contact with not only bacteria-isolating person (47.1%), but also with a patient who has been found to have no Mycobacteria tuberculosis (15.6%), as well as with an unknown source of infection (37.3%). The causes of local tuberculosis irrespective of the type of contact were ascertained to be inadequate use of preventive measures for its detection in risk groups, untimely identification of infection sources, poor implementation of preventive measures in risk groups followed by a phthisiologist, disease-burdened premorbidity in children, as well as social troubles in their families. The paper shows it necessary to enhance preventive tuberculosis controlling measures in risk groups.

[Clinico-laboratory basis for the endolymphatic use of beta-lactam antibiotics in pulmonology]. / Kliniko-laboratornoe obosnovanie éndolimfaticheskogo primeneniia beta-laktamnykh antibiotikov v pul'monologii.

Clinical efficacy and effect of cefuroxime, claforan and pentrexyl used endolymphatically were studied in 85 patients with acute abscess forming and persisting pneumonia. Previous routine antibiotic therapy in these patients was little effective. Administration of the antibiotics into the peripheral lymph nodes provided blocking of the lymphagenic pathway for the infection due to high levels in the lymphatic system. Endolymphatic use of cefuroxime and claforan resulted in a significant improvement of the functions of the T- and B-immunity systems and the indices of natural resistance. The levels of the autoimmune reactions and sensitization to the bacterial antigens decreased. Endolymphatic use of cefuroxime and claforan once every 3 days provided recovery of 9 2.8 per cent of the patients, the treatment periods being decreased 2.5--3 times. Intravenous administration of the drugs according to the routine schemes, endolymphatic use of pentrexyl (5 g once every 3 days) and endolymphatic administration of cefuroxime in a single dose followed by intravenous therapy was less effective. The efficacy of pentrexyl increased, when it was used endolymphatically in combination with lysozyme. Endolymphatic use of claforan in doses of 2--3 g once every 3 days (3--4 infusions during the treatment course) was most effective.