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The menopausal transition is a pivotal time of cardiovascular risk, but knowledge is limited in HIV. We studied longitudinal carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (2004-2019; 979 women/3247 person-visits; 72% with HIV). Among women with HIV only, those who transitioned had greater age-related CIMT progression compared to those remaining premenopausal (difference in slope = 1.64â µm/year, P = .002); and CIMT increased over time in the pretransition (3.47â µm/year, P = .002) and during the menopausal transition (9.41â µm/year, P < .0001), but not posttransition (2.9â µm/year, P = .19). In women with HIV, menopause may accelerate subclinical atherosclerosis as measured by CIMT.
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Aterosclerosis , Infecciones por VIH , Humanos , Femenino , Grosor Intima-Media Carotídeo , Factores de Riesgo , Menopausia , Infecciones por VIH/complicacionesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In observational studies, a lower serum vitamin D3 concentration has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the associations between serum vitamin D3 levels and left ventricular (LV) structure and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) have not been well-characterized among Black Americans. The prevalence of vitamin D3 deficiency is higher among Black Americans than in other race/ethnicity groups. We hypothesized that serum vitamin D3 levels are associated with LV concentric remodeling and incident HFpEF in Black Americans. METHODS AND RESULTS: Among 5306 Black Americans in the Jackson Heart Study cohort, we investigated the relationships between serum vitamin D3 levels and LV structure and function, evaluated with echocardiography, and incident HF hospitalization, categorized as either HF with reduced EF (HFrEF; an EF of <50%) or HFpEF (an EF of ≥50%). After adjustment for possible confounding factors, lower vitamin D3 levels were associated with greater relative wall thickness (ß for 1 standard deviation [SD] increase -0.003, 95% confidence interval -0.005 to -0.000). Over a median follow-up period of 11 years (range 10.2-11.0 years), 340 participants developed incident HF (7.88 cases per 1000 person-years), including 146 (43%) HFrEF and 194 (57%) HFpEF cases. After adjustment, higher serum vitamin D3 levels were associated with decreased hazard for HF overall (hazard ratio for 1 SD increase 0.88, 95% confidence interval 0.78-0.99) driven by a significant association with HFpEF (hazard ratio for 1 SD increase 0.84, 95% confidence interval 0.71-0.99). CONCLUSIONS: In this community-based Black American cohort, lower serum vitamin D3 levels were associated with LV concentric remodeling and an increased hazard for HF, mainly HFpEF. Further investigation is required to examine whether supplementation with vitamin D3 can prevent LV concentric remodeling and incident HFpEF in Black Americans.
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Insuficiencia Cardíaca , Humanos , Función Ventricular Izquierda , Negro o Afroamericano , Volumen Sistólico , Vitamina D , Remodelación Ventricular , Estudios Prospectivos , Estudios Longitudinales , PronósticoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Poor quality neighborhood environments are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) but are understudied in Black adults, who face large CVD health disparities. Arterial stiffness, a marker of early vascular aging, precedes development of hypertension and adverse CVD events but the effect of neighborhood on arterial stiffness among Black adults remains unknown. OBJECTIVE: We compared the association between neighborhood environment and arterial stiffness among Black adults in Jackson, MS and Atlanta, GA. METHODS: We studied 1582 Black adults (mean age 53 ± 10, 35% male) living in Jackson, MS from the Jackson Heart Study (JHS) and 451 Black adults (mean age 53 ± 10, 39% male) living in Atlanta, GA from the Morehouse-Emory Cardiovascular Center for Health Equity (MECA) study, without known CVD. Neighborhood problems (includes measures of aesthetic quality, walking environment, food access), social cohesion (includes activity with neighbors), and violence/safety were assessed using validated questionnaires. Arterial stiffness was measured as pulse wave velocity (PWV) using magnetic resonance imaging in JHS and as PWV and augmentation index (AIx) using applanation tonometry (SphygmoCor, Inc.) in MECA. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the association between neighborhood characteristics and arterial stiffness, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: Improved social characteristics, measured as social cohesion in JHS (ß = -0.32 [-0.63, -0.02], p = 0.04) and activity with neighbors (ß = -0.23 [-0.40, -0.05], p = 0.01) in MECA, were associated with lower PWV in both cohorts and lower AIx (ß = -1.74 [-2.92, - 0.56], p = 0.004) in MECA, after adjustment for CVD risk factors and income. Additionally, in MECA, better food access (ß = -1.18 [-2.35, - 0.01], p = 0.05) was associated with lower AIx and, in JHS, lower neighborhood problems (ß = -0.33 [-0.64, - 0.02], p = 0.04) and lower violence (ß = -0.30 [-0.61, 0.002], p = 0.05) were associated with lower PWV. CONCLUSION: Neighborhood social characteristics show an independent association with the vascular health of Black adults, findings that were reproducible in two distinct American cities.
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Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Equidad en Salud , Rigidez Vascular , Humanos , Adulto , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Femenino , Análisis de la Onda del Pulso , Estudios Longitudinales , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Características del VecindarioRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: While large genome-wide association studies have identified nearly one thousand loci associated with variation in blood pressure, rare variant identification is still a challenge. In family-based cohorts, genome-wide linkage scans have been successful in identifying rare genetic variants for blood pressure. This study aims to identify low frequency and rare genetic variants within previously reported linkage regions on chromosomes 1 and 19 in African American families from the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program. Genetic association analyses weighted by linkage evidence were completed with whole genome sequencing data within and across TOPMed ancestral groups consisting of 60,388 individuals of European, African, East Asian, Hispanic, and Samoan ancestries. RESULTS: Associations of low frequency and rare variants in RCN3 and multiple other genes were observed for blood pressure traits in TOPMed samples. The association of low frequency and rare coding variants in RCN3 was further replicated in UK Biobank samples (N = 403,522), and reached genome-wide significance for diastolic blood pressure (p = 2.01 × 10- 7). CONCLUSIONS: Low frequency and rare variants in RCN3 contributes blood pressure variation. This study demonstrates that focusing association analyses in linkage regions greatly reduces multiple-testing burden and improves power to identify novel rare variants associated with blood pressure traits.
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Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Medicina de Precisión , Presión Sanguínea/genética , Ligamiento Genético , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Humanos , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Secuenciación Completa del GenomaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular prognosis related to type 2 diabetes may not be adequately captured by information on comorbid conditions such as obesity and hypertension. To inform the cardiovascular prognosis among diabetic individuals, we conducted phenotyping using a clustering approach based on clinical data, echocardiographic indices and biomarkers. METHODS: We performed a cluster analysis on clinical, biochemical and echocardiographic variables from 529 Blacks with diabetes in the Jackson Heart Study. An association between identified clusters and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE- composite of coronary heart disease, stroke, heart failure and atrial fibrillation) was assessed using Cox proportional hazards modeling. RESULTS: Cluster analysis separated individuals with diabetes (68% women, mean age 60 ± 10 years) into three distinct clusters (Clusters 1,2 &3 - with Cluster 3 being a hypertrophic cluster characterized by highest LV mass, levels of brain natriuretic peptide [BNP] and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin-I [hs-cTnI]). After a median 12.1 years, there were 141 cardiovascular events. Compared to Cluster1, Clusters 3 had an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (hazard ratio [HR] 1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08, 2.37), while Cluster 2 had a similar risk of outcome (HR 1.11; 95% CI 0.73, 168). CONCLUSIONS: Among Blacks with diabetes, cluster analysis identified three distinct echocardiographic and biomarkers phenotypes, with cluster 3 (high LV mass, high cardiac biomarkers) associated with worse outcomes, thus highlighting the prognostic value of subclinical myocardial dysfunction.
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Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Biomarcadores , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiología , Femenino , Factores de Riesgo de Enfermedad Cardiaca , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Fenotipo , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006728.].
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Hypertension is a leading cause of global disease, mortality, and disability. While individuals of African descent suffer a disproportionate burden of hypertension and its complications, they have been underrepresented in genetic studies. To identify novel susceptibility loci for blood pressure and hypertension in people of African ancestry, we performed both single and multiple-trait genome-wide association analyses. We analyzed 21 genome-wide association studies comprised of 31,968 individuals of African ancestry, and validated our results with additional 54,395 individuals from multi-ethnic studies. These analyses identified nine loci with eleven independent variants which reached genome-wide significance (P < 1.25×10-8) for either systolic and diastolic blood pressure, hypertension, or for combined traits. Single-trait analyses identified two loci (TARID/TCF21 and LLPH/TMBIM4) and multiple-trait analyses identified one novel locus (FRMD3) for blood pressure. At these three loci, as well as at GRP20/CDH17, associated variants had alleles common only in African-ancestry populations. Functional annotation showed enrichment for genes expressed in immune and kidney cells, as well as in heart and vascular cells/tissues. Experiments driven by these findings and using angiotensin-II induced hypertension in mice showed altered kidney mRNA expression of six genes, suggesting their potential role in hypertension. Our study provides new evidence for genes related to hypertension susceptibility, and the need to study African-ancestry populations in order to identify biologic factors contributing to hypertension.
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Presión Sanguínea/genética , Sitios Genéticos , Hipertensión/genética , Herencia Multifactorial , Negro o Afroamericano/genética , Animales , Factores de Transcripción con Motivo Hélice-Asa-Hélice Básico/genética , Cadherinas/genética , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Humanos , Hipertensión/etnología , Masculino , Proteínas de la Membrana/genética , Ratones , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido SimpleRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoking has been linked with several factors associated with cardiac dysfunction. We hypothesized that cigarette smoking is associated with left ventricular (LV) structure and function, and incident heart failure (HF) hospitalization. METHODS: We investigated 4129 (never smoker n=2884, current smoker n=503, and former smoker n=742) black participants (mean age, 54 years; 63% women) without a history of HF or coronary heart disease at baseline in the Jackson Heart Study. We examined the relationships between cigarette smoking and LV structure and function by using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging among 1092 participants, cigarette smoking and brain natriuretic peptide levels among 3325 participants, and incident HF hospitalization among 3633 participants with complete data. RESULTS: After adjustment for confounding factors, current smoking was associated with higher mean LV mass index and lower mean LV circumferential strain (P<0.05, for both) in comparison with never smoking. Smoking status, intensity, and burden were associated with higher mean brain natriuretic peptide levels (all P<0.05). Over 8.0 years (7.7-8.0) median follow-up, there were 147 incident HF hospitalizations. After adjustment for traditional risk factors and incident coronary heart disease, current smoking (hazard ratio, 2.82; 95% confidence interval, 1.71-4.64), smoking intensity among current smokers (≥20 cigarettes/d: hazard ratio, 3.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.65-7.32), and smoking burden among ever smokers (≥15 pack-years: hazard ratio, 2.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.29-3.3) were significantly associated with incident HF hospitalization in comparison with never smoking. CONCLUSIONS: In blacks, cigarette smoking is an important risk factor for LV hypertrophy, systolic dysfunction, and incident HF hospitalization even after adjusting for effects on coronary heart disease.
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Fumar Cigarrillos , Insuficiencia Cardíaca , Hipertrofia Ventricular Izquierda , Adulto , Anciano , Fumar Cigarrillos/efectos adversos , Fumar Cigarrillos/epidemiología , Fumar Cigarrillos/fisiopatología , Femenino , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/epidemiología , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/etiología , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/fisiopatología , Humanos , Hipertrofia Ventricular Izquierda/epidemiología , Hipertrofia Ventricular Izquierda/etiología , Hipertrofia Ventricular Izquierda/fisiopatología , Incidencia , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
In this study, we investigated low-frequency and rare variants associated with blood pressure (BP) by focusing on a linkage region on chromosome 16p13. We used whole genome sequencing (WGS) data obtained through the NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program on 395 Cleveland Family Study (CFS) European Americans (CFS-EA). By analyzing functional coding variants and non-coding rare variants with CADD score > 10 residing within the chromosomal region in families with linkage evidence, we observed 25 genes with nominal statistical evidence (burden or SKAT p < 0.05). One of the genes is RBFOX1, an evolutionarily conserved RNA-binding protein that regulates tissue-specific alternative splicing that we previously reported to be associated with BP using exome array data in CFS. After follow-up analysis of the 25 genes in ten independent TOPMed studies with individuals of European, African, and East Asian ancestry, and Hispanics (N = 29,988), we identified variants in SLX4 (p = 2.19 × 10-4) to be significantly associated with BP traits when accounting for multiple testing. We also replicated the associations previously reported for RBFOX1 (p = 0.007). Follow-up analysis with GTEx eQTL data shows SLX4 variants are associated with gene expression in coronary artery, multiple brain tissues, and right atrial appendage of the heart. Our study demonstrates that linkage analysis of family data can provide an efficient approach for detecting rare variants associated with complex traits in WGS data.
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Presión Sanguínea/genética , Cromosomas Humanos Par 16/genética , Exoma , Ligamiento Genético , Variación Genética , Genoma Humano , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , Empalme Alternativo/genética , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Humanos , Masculino , Factores de Empalme de ARN/genética , Recombinasas/genéticaRESUMEN
The electrocardiographic QRS duration, a measure of ventricular depolarization and conduction, is associated with cardiovascular mortality. While single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with QRS duration have been identified at 22 loci in populations of European descent, the genetic architecture of QRS duration in non-European populations is largely unknown. We therefore performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of QRS duration in 13,031 African Americans from ten cohorts and a transethnic GWAS meta-analysis with additional results from populations of European descent. In the African American GWAS, a single genome-wide significant SNP association was identified (rs3922844, P = 4 × 10-14) in intron 16 of SCN5A, a voltage-gated cardiac sodium channel gene. The QRS-prolonging rs3922844 C allele was also associated with decreased SCN5A RNA expression in human atrial tissue (P = 1.1 × 10-4). High density genotyping revealed that the SCN5A association region in African Americans was confined to intron 16. Transethnic GWAS meta-analysis identified novel SNP associations on chromosome 18 in MYL12A (rs1662342, P = 4.9 × 10-8) and chromosome 1 near CD1E and SPTA1 (rs7547997, P = 7.9 × 10-9). The 22 QRS loci previously identified in populations of European descent were enriched for significant SNP associations with QRS duration in African Americans (P = 9.9 × 10-7), and index SNP associations in or near SCN5A, SCN10A, CDKN1A, NFIA, HAND1, TBX5 and SETBP1 replicated in African Americans. In summary, rs3922844 was associated with QRS duration and SCN5A expression, two novel QRS loci were identified using transethnic meta-analysis, and a significant proportion of QRS-SNP associations discovered in populations of European descent were transferable to African Americans when adequate power was achieved.
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Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/genética , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Ventrículos Cardíacos/fisiopatología , Canal de Sodio Activado por Voltaje NAV1.5/genética , Negro o Afroamericano/genética , Alelos , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/mortalidad , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/fisiopatología , Electrocardiografía , Femenino , Genotipo , Humanos , Masculino , Miocardio/patología , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple/genética , Población Blanca/genéticaRESUMEN
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified many genetic variants underlying complex traits. Many detected genetic loci harbor variants that associate with multiple-even distinct-traits. Most current analysis approaches focus on single traits, even though the final results from multiple traits are evaluated together. Such approaches miss the opportunity to systemically integrate the phenome-wide data available for genetic association analysis. In this study, we propose a general approach that can integrate association evidence from summary statistics of multiple traits, either correlated, independent, continuous, or binary traits, which might come from the same or different studies. We allow for trait heterogeneity effects. Population structure and cryptic relatedness can also be controlled. Our simulations suggest that the proposed method has improved statistical power over single-trait analysis in most of the cases we studied. We applied our method to the Continental Origins and Genetic Epidemiology Network (COGENT) African ancestry samples for three blood pressure traits and identified four loci (CHIC2, HOXA-EVX1, IGFBP1/IGFBP3, and CDH17; p < 5.0 × 10(-8)) associated with hypertension-related traits that were missed by a single-trait analysis in the original report. Six additional loci with suggestive association evidence (p < 5.0 × 10(-7)) were also observed, including CACNA1D and WNT3. Our study strongly suggests that analyzing multiple phenotypes can improve statistical power and that such analysis can be executed with the summary statistics from GWASs. Our method also provides a way to study a cross phenotype (CP) association by using summary statistics from GWASs of multiple phenotypes.
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Sitios Genéticos , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Hipertensión/genética , Presión Sanguínea/genética , Humanos , Modelos Biológicos , Fenotipo , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido SimpleRESUMEN
Sex differences in heart failure development following myocardial infarction (MI) are not fully understood. We hypothesized that differential MI signaling could explain variations in outcomes. Analysis of the mouse heart attack research tool 1.0 (422 mice; young = 5.4 ± 0.1; old = 23.3 ± 0.1 months of age) was used to dissect MI signaling pathways, which was validated in a new cohort of mice (4.8 ± 0.2 months of age); and substantiated in humans. Plasma collected at visit 2 from the MI subset of the Jackson Heart Study (JHS; a community-based study consisting of middle aged and older adults of African ancestry) underwent glycoproteomics grouped by outcome: (1) heart failure hospitalization after visit 2 (n = 3 men/12 women) and (2) without hospitalization through 2012 (n = 24 men/21 women). Compared to young male mice, the infarct region of young females had fewer, but more efficient tissue clearing neutrophils with reduced pro-inflammatory gene expression. Apolipoprotein (Apo) F, which acts upstream of the liver X receptors/retinoid X receptor (LXR/RXR) pathway, was elevated in the day 7 infarcts of old mice compared to young controls and was increased in both men and women with heart failure. In vitro, Apo F stimulated CD36 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ activation in male neutrophils to turn off NF-κB activation and stimulate LXR/RXR signaling to initiate resolution. Female neutrophils were desensitized to Apo F and instead relied on thrombospondin-1 stimulation of CD36 to upregulate AMP-activated protein kinase, resulting in an overall better wound healing strategy. With age, female mice were desensitized to LXR/RXR signaling, resulting in enhanced interleukin-6 activation, a finding replicated in the JHS community cohort. This is the first report to uncover sex differences in post-MI neutrophil signaling that yielded better outcomes in young females and worse outcomes with age.
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Insuficiencia Cardíaca/metabolismo , Receptores X del Hígado/metabolismo , Infarto del Miocardio/metabolismo , Miocardio/metabolismo , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Receptores X Retinoide/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Función Ventricular Izquierda , Remodelación Ventricular , Adulto , Negro o Afroamericano , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Animales , Bases de Datos Factuales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/etnología , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/patología , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/fisiopatología , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infarto del Miocardio/etnología , Infarto del Miocardio/patología , Infarto del Miocardio/fisiopatología , Miocardio/patología , Fenotipo , Pronóstico , Factores Sexuales , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Clinical risk factors associated with heart failure (HF) symptoms in aortic stenosis (AS) patients with preserved ejection fraction (EF) have not been fully identified. We hypothesized that left ventricular (LV) diastolic stiffness is associated with HF symptoms in patients with AS. METHODS AND RESULTS: We retrospectively evaluated 275 patients with at least moderate AS (aortic valve area <1.5 cm2) and preserved EF (≥50%). LV diastolic stiffness was evaluated with the use of echocardiographic parameters, diastolic wall strain (DWS, a measure of LV wall stiffness), and KLV (a marker of LV chamber stiffness). There were 69 patients with HF. Patients with HF were older, were more likely to be African American, had a higher body mass index, and had more hypertension and coronary artery disease (P < .05 for all). Aortic valve area index and mean pressure gradient across the aortic valve were not different between patients with and without HF. Despite similar echocardiographic parameters of AS severity, patients with HF had stiffer LV (DWS 0.21 ± 0.06 vs 0.25 ± 0.06 [P < .01], KLV 0.17 ± 0.11 vs 0.13 ± 0.08 [P < .01]). Logistic regression analyses revealed that after adjusting for age, race, body mass index, history of hypertension, and coronary artery disease, LV diastolic stiffness parameters remained significantly associated with HF symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: LV diastolic stiffness is independently associated with HF in AS patients with preserved EF.
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Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagen , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/diagnóstico por imagen , Volumen Sistólico/fisiología , Disfunción Ventricular Izquierda/diagnóstico por imagen , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/epidemiología , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/fisiopatología , Femenino , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/epidemiología , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/fisiopatología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Disfunción Ventricular Izquierda/epidemiología , Disfunción Ventricular Izquierda/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Studies have suggested that social inequalities in chronic disease outcomes differ between industrialized and developing countries, but few have directly compared these effects. We explored inequalities in hypertension and diabetes prevalence between African-descent populations with different levels of educational attainment in Jamaica and in the United States of America (USA), comparing disparities within each location, and between countries. METHODS: We analyzed baseline data from the Jackson Heart Study (JHS) in the USA and Spanish Town Cohort (STC) in Jamaica. Participants reported their highest level of educational attainment, which was categorized as 'less than high school' (
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Población Negra , Países Desarrollados , Países en Desarrollo , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiología , Escolaridad , Disparidades en el Estado de Salud , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Adulto , Región del Caribe/epidemiología , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Jamaica/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estados Unidos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Blood pressure is a heritable trait influenced by several biological pathways and responsive to environmental stimuli. Over one billion people worldwide have hypertension (≥140 mm Hg systolic blood pressure or ≥90 mm Hg diastolic blood pressure). Even small increments in blood pressure are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. This genome-wide association study of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, which used a multi-stage design in 200,000 individuals of European descent, identified sixteen novel loci: six of these loci contain genes previously known or suspected to regulate blood pressure (GUCY1A3-GUCY1B3, NPR3-C5orf23, ADM, FURIN-FES, GOSR2, GNAS-EDN3); the other ten provide new clues to blood pressure physiology. A genetic risk score based on 29 genome-wide significant variants was associated with hypertension, left ventricular wall thickness, stroke and coronary artery disease, but not kidney disease or kidney function. We also observed associations with blood pressure in East Asian, South Asian and African ancestry individuals. Our findings provide new insights into the genetics and biology of blood pressure, and suggest potential novel therapeutic pathways for cardiovascular disease prevention.
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Presión Sanguínea/genética , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple/genética , África/etnología , Asia/etnología , Presión Sanguínea/fisiología , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/genética , Europa (Continente)/etnología , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Humanos , Hipertensión/genética , Enfermedades Renales/genética , Accidente Cerebrovascular/genéticaRESUMEN
High blood pressure (BP) is more prevalent and contributes to more severe manifestations of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in African Americans than in any other United States ethnic group. Several small African-ancestry (AA) BP genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have been published, but their findings have failed to replicate to date. We report on a large AA BP GWAS meta-analysis that includes 29,378 individuals from 19 discovery cohorts and subsequent replication in additional samples of AA (n = 10,386), European ancestry (EA) (n = 69,395), and East Asian ancestry (n = 19,601). Five loci (EVX1-HOXA, ULK4, RSPO3, PLEKHG1, and SOX6) reached genome-wide significance (p < 1.0 × 10(-8)) for either systolic or diastolic BP in a transethnic meta-analysis after correction for multiple testing. Three of these BP loci (EVX1-HOXA, RSPO3, and PLEKHG1) lack previous associations with BP. We also identified one independent signal in a known BP locus (SOX6) and provide evidence for fine mapping in four additional validated BP loci. We also demonstrate that validated EA BP GWAS loci, considered jointly, show significant effects in AA samples. Consequently, these findings suggest that BP loci might have universal effects across studied populations, demonstrating that multiethnic samples are an essential component in identifying, fine mapping, and understanding their trait variability.
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Población Negra/genética , Presión Sanguínea/genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Carácter Cuantitativo Heredable , África , Estudios de Cohortes , Bases de Datos Genéticas , Sitios Genéticos/genética , Humanos , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple/genética , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Early-diastolic left ventricular (LV) longitudinal expansion is delayed with diastolic dysfunction. We hypothesized that, in patients with heart failure (HF), regardless of LV ejection fraction (EF), there is diastolic temporal nonuniformity with a delay of longitudinal relative to circumferential expansion. METHODS AND RESULTS: Echocardiography was performed in 143 HF patients-50 with preserved EF (HFpEF) and 93 with reduced EF (HFrEF)-as well as 31 normal control subjects. The delay of early-diastolic mitral annular velocity from the mitral Doppler E (TE-e') was measured as a parameter of the longitudinal expansion delay. The delay of the longitudinal early-diastolic global strain rate (SRE) relative to circumferential SRE (DelayC-L) was calculated as a parameter of temporal nonuniformity. Intra-LV pressure difference (IVPD) was estimated with the use of color M-mode Doppler data as a parameter of LV diastolic suction. Although normal control subjects had symmetric LV expansion in early diastole, TE-e' and DelayC-L were significantly prolonged in HF regardless of EF (P < .01 vs control for all). Multivariate analysis revealed that DelayC-L was the independent determinant of IVPD among the parameters of LV geometry and contraction (ß = -0.21; P < .05). CONCLUSION: An abnormal temporal nonuniformity of early-diastolic expansion is present in HF regardless of EF, which was associated with reduced LV suction.
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Insuficiencia Cardíaca/fisiopatología , Función Ventricular Izquierda/fisiología , Adulto , Anciano , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Diástole/fisiología , Ecocardiografía , Femenino , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/complicaciones , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Volumen Sistólico/fisiología , Presión Ventricular/fisiologíaRESUMEN
RATIONALE: Two distinct alleles in the gene encoding apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1), a major component of high-density lipoprotein, confer protection against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infection and also increase risk for chronic kidney disease. Approximately 14% of Americans with African ancestry carry 2 APOL1 risk alleles, accounting for the high chronic kidney disease burden in this population. OBJECTIVE: We tested whether APOL1 risk alleles significantly increase risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) in African Americans. METHODS AND RESULTS: We sequenced APOL1 in 1959 randomly selected African American participants in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS) and evaluated associations between APOL1 genotypes and renal and cardiovascular phenotypes. Previously identified association between APOL1 genotypes and chronic kidney disease was confirmed (P=2.4×10(-6)). Among JHS participants with 2 APOL1 risk alleles, we observed increased risk for CVD (50/763 events among participants without versus 37/280 events among participants with 2 risk alleles; odds ratio, 2.17; P=9.4×10(-4)). We replicated this novel association of APOL1 genotype with CVD in Women's Health Initiative (WHI) participants (66/292 events among participants without versus 37/101 events among participants with 2 risk alleles; odds ratio, 1.98; P=8.37×10(-3); JHS and WHI combined, P=8.5×10(-5); odds ratio, 2.12). The increased risk for CVD conferred by APOL1 alleles was robust to correction for both traditional CVD risk factors and chronic kidney disease. CONCLUSIONS: APOL1 variants contribute to atherosclerotic CVD risk, indicating a genetic component to cardiovascular health disparities in individuals of African ancestry. The considerable population of African Americans with 2 APOL1 risk alleles may benefit from intensive interventions to reduce CVD.
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Apolipoproteínas/genética , Aterosclerosis/etnología , Aterosclerosis/genética , Negro o Afroamericano/genética , Negro o Afroamericano/estadística & datos numéricos , Lipoproteínas HDL/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Apolipoproteína L1 , Femenino , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad/etnología , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad/genética , Variación Genética , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/etnología , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/genética , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: African Americans experience higher rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and lower childhood and adult socioeconomic position (SEP). Research that examines the associations of multiple measures of SEP with subclinical CVD markers among African Americans is limited. METHODS: Data from the Jackson Heart Study (JHS) were used to examine cross-sectional associations of childhood SEP and adult SEP with subclinical markers among 4,756 African American participants (mean age 54, 64% female), adjusting for age, health behaviors and CVD risk factors. Subclinical markers included prevalent left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), peripheral artery disease (PAD), coronary artery calcification (CAC), and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). RESULTS: The prevalence of LVH, PAD and CAC was 7%, 6% and 45%, respectively. The mean CIMT was .72 ± .17 mm. In fully-adjusted models, having a college education was inversely associated with PAD (OR, .27; 95% CI .13,.56) and CIMT (ß=-29.7, P<.01). Income was inversely associated with LVH after adjustment for health behaviors (OR, .49 95% CI .25,.96), though associations attenuated in the fully-adjusted model. Measures of childhood SEP (material resources and mother's education) were not consistently associated with subclinical disease measures other than a positive association between material resources and CIMT. CONCLUSIONS: Subclinical disease markers were patterned by adult SEP measures among African Americans.
Asunto(s)
Negro o Afroamericano/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/etnología , Clase Social , Adulto , Anciano , Biomarcadores , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/economía , Grosor Intima-Media Carotídeo , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Hipertrofia Ventricular Izquierda/etnología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Rare sarcomere protein variants cause dominant hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathies. To evaluate whether allelic variants in eight sarcomere genes are associated with cardiac morphology and function in the community, we sequenced 3,600 individuals from the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) and Jackson Heart Study (JHS) cohorts. Out of the total, 11.2% of individuals had one or more rare nonsynonymous sarcomere variants. The prevalence of likely pathogenic sarcomere variants was 0.6%, twice the previous estimates; however, only four of the 22 individuals had clinical manifestations of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Rare sarcomere variants were associated with an increased risk for adverse cardiovascular events (hazard ratio: 2.3) in the FHS cohort, suggesting that cardiovascular risk assessment in the general population can benefit from rare variant analysis.