Antimetastatic effect of fluvastatin on breast and hepatocellular carcinoma cells in relation to SGK1 and NDRG1 genes.

Metastasis occurs due to migration of the cells from primary tumor toward other tissues by gaining invasive properties. Since metastatic invasion shows a strong resistance against conventional cancer treatments, the studies on this issue have been focused. Within this context, inhibition of migration and determination of the relationships at the gene level will contribute to treatment of metastatic cancer cases. We have aimed to demonstrate the impact of TGF-ß1 and fluvastatin on human breast cancer (MCF-7) and human hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep3B) cell cultures via Real-Time Cell Analyzer (RTCA) and to test the expression levels of some genes (NDRG1, SGK1, TWIST1, AMPKA2) and to compare their gene expression levels according to RTCA results. Both of cell series were applied TGF-ß1 and combinations of TGF-ß1/fluvastatin. Primer and probes were synthesized using Universal Probe Library (UPL, Roche) software, and expression levels of genes were tested via qPCR using the device LightCycler 480 II (Roche). Consequently, fluvastatin dose-dependently inhibited migration induced by TGF-ß1 in both groups. This inhibition was accompanied by low level of SGK1 messenger RNA (mRNA) and high levels of NDRG1 and AMPKA2 mRNA. Thus, we conclude that fluvastatin plays an important role in reducing resistance to chemotherapeutics and preventing metastasis.

Assessment of Endothelial Dysfunction With Adhesion Molecules in Patients With Celiac Disease.

OBJECTIVES: Celiac disease (CD) is a systemic immune disorder. We assessed serum levels of adhesion molecules as a marker of endothelial dysfunction in patients with CD at first diagnosis and in those on a gluten-free diet. METHODS: Sixty-five patients with CD (mean age 6.74 ±â€Š4.6 years) and 51 age- and sex-matched control patients participated in the present case-controlled, prospective clinical study. Serum levels of vascular adhesion molecule-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, endothelial selectin, vascular endothelial cadherin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and homocysteine levels were measured. RESULTS: Average soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 (CD vs control group: 1320 ±â€Š308 vs 1120 ±â€Š406 ng/mL, P = 0.006), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (336 ±â€Š99 vs 263 ±â€Š67 ng/mL, P = 0.025), and soluble endothelial selectin (113.9 ±â€Š70 vs 76.9 ±â€Š32 ng/mL, P = 0.007) levels were significantly higher in cases of newly diagnosed CD than in the control group. Soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 (1050 ±â€Š190 ng/mL) and soluble endothelial selectin (68.7 ±â€Š45 ng/mL) levels in patients with CD, who were fully compliant with a gluten-free diet, were significantly lower than that in those newly diagnosed as having CD (P = 0.003 and P = 0.0012, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: These results show that serum adhesion molecule levels are higher in patients with CD. Some of the risks associated with endothelial dysfunction may be related to CD and these risks can be reduced with an appropriate and fully controlled diet.

Serum human epididymis protein 4 levels in colorectal cancer patients.

Tumour markers are widely used for the diagnosis, staging and monitoring of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients in clinical practice. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) are the most frequently used biomarkers in CRC patients. A number of studies have recently investigated the presence of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) overexpression in certain cancer types. Its significance in ovarian and endometrial cancer has been well-demonstrated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the significance of serum HE4 levels in CRC patients. A total of 46 newly diagnosed CRC patients and 36 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects were included in the study. The concentrations of CEA and CA19-9 were also determined and compared according to HE4 levels. HE4 positivity was determined in 13 of the 46 cases (28.3%) in the CRC group, but no HE4-positive subjects were identified in the control group (0%; P=0.009). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for HE4 positivity was 0.641 (95% CI: 0.523-0.760). HE4 was statistically significantly positive in patients with stage III-IV disease and in those with high CA 19-9 levels (all P<0.01). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate HE4 expression in CRC patients, and the findings suggest that it may be a useful biomarker, particularly in stage III-IV patients.