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AIMS: Studies have shown a so-called off-hour effect for many different diseases, but data are scarce concerning cardiogenic shock. We therefore assessed the association of off-hour vs. on-hour intensive care unit admission with 30-day mortality in patients with cardiogenic shock. METHODS AND RESULTS: In total, 1720 cardiogenic shock patients (666 admitted during off-hours) from two large university hospitals in Germany were included in retrospect. An admission during off-hours was associated with increased 30-day mortality compared to an admission during on-hours [crude mortality 48% vs. 41%, HR 1.17 (1.03-1.33), P = 0.017]. This effect remained significant after propensity score matching (P = 0.023). Neither patients with a combined SCAI stage D and E (P = 0.088) or C (P = 0.548) nor those requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation (P = 0.114) had a higher mortality at off-hour admission. In contrast, those without veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation [HR 1.17 (1.00-1.36), P = 0.049], without acute myocardial infarction [HR 1.27 (1.02-1.56), P = 0.029] or a with combined SCAI stage A and B [HR 2.23 (1.08-4.57), P = 0.025] had an increased mortality at off-hour admission. CONCLUSION: Our study showed an increased mortality in patients with cardiogenic shock admitted during off-hours, especially in those with a milder onset of disease. This stresses the importance of a thorough workup of each patient, especially at times of limited resources, the menace of underestimating the severity of cardiogenic shock, and the need for an improved 24×7 available risk stratification.
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Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , Choque Cardiogénico , Humanos , Choque Cardiogénico/mortalidad , Choque Cardiogénico/terapia , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos/estadística & datos numéricos , Anciano , Mortalidad Hospitalaria/tendencias , Alemania/epidemiología , Factores de Tiempo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Admisión del Paciente/estadística & datos numéricos , Tasa de Supervivencia/tendencias , Puntaje de PropensiónRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Cardiogenic shock (CS) is associated with high mortality. Patients treated for CS mostly require heparin therapy, which may be associated with complications such as heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). HIT represents a serious condition associated with platelet decline and increased hypercoagulability and remains a poorly researched field in intensive care medicine. Primary purpose of this study was to: 1) determine HIT prevalence in CS, 2) assess the performance of common diagnostic tests for the workup of HIT, and 3) compare outcomes in CS patients with excluded and confirmed HIT. DESIGN: Retrospective dual-center study including adult patients 18 years old or older with diagnosed CS and suspected HIT from January 2010 to November 2022. SETTING: Cardiac ICU at the Ludwig-Maximilians University hospital in Munich and the university hospital of Bonn. PATIENTS AND INTERVENTIONS: In this retrospective analysis, adult patients with diagnosed CS and suspected HIT were included. Differences in baseline characteristics, mortality, neurologic and safety outcomes between patients with excluded and confirmed HIT were evaluated. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: In cases of suspected HIT, positive screening antibodies were detected in 159 of 2808 patients (5.7%). HIT was confirmed via positive functional assay in 57 of 2808 patients, corresponding to a prevalence rate of 2.0%. The positive predictive value for anti-platelet factor 4/heparin screening antibodies was 35.8%. Total in-hospital mortality (58.8% vs. 57.9%; p > 0.999), 1-month mortality (47.1% vs. 43.9%; p = 0.781), and 12-month mortality (58.8% vs. 59.6%; p > 0.999) were similar between patients with excluded and confirmed HIT, respectively. Furthermore, no significant difference in neurologic outcome among survivors was found between groups (Cerebral Performance Category [CPC] score 1: 8.8% vs. 8.8%; p > 0.999 and CPC 2: 7.8% vs. 12.3%; p = 0.485). CONCLUSIONS: HIT was a rare complication in CS patients treated with unfractionated heparin and was not associated with increased mortality. Also, HIT confirmation was not associated with worse neurologic outcome in survivors. Future studies should aim at developing more precise, standardized, and cost-effective strategies to diagnose HIT and prevent complications.
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Anticoagulantes , Heparina , Choque Cardiogénico , Trombocitopenia , Humanos , Heparina/efectos adversos , Trombocitopenia/inducido químicamente , Trombocitopenia/epidemiología , Trombocitopenia/diagnóstico , Trombocitopenia/mortalidad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Choque Cardiogénico/inducido químicamente , Choque Cardiogénico/epidemiología , Choque Cardiogénico/mortalidad , Femenino , Masculino , Anciano , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anticoagulantes/efectos adversos , Prevalencia , Alemania/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
AIM: The aim of this study was to analyse the predictive value of CTA-determined tricuspid annular dilatation (TAD) on the persistence of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) for severe aortic stenosis (AS) and concomitant at least moderate TR. METHODS AND RESULTS: 288 consecutive patients treated with TAVR due to severe AS and concomitant at least moderate TR at baseline were included in the analysis. As cutoff for TAD, the median value of the CTA-determined, to the body surface area-normalized tricuspid annulus diameter (25.2 mm/m2) was used. TAD had no impact on procedural characteristics or outcomes, including procedural death and technical or device failure according to the Valve Academic Research Consortium 3 criteria. However, the primary outcome of the study-TR persistence after TAVR was significantly more frequent in patients with compared to patients without TAD (odds ratio 2.60, 95% confidence interval 1.33-5.16, p < 0.01). Multivariable logistic regression analysis, adjusting for clinical and echocardiographic baseline characteristics, which are known to influence aetiology or severity of TR, confirmed TAD as an independent predictor of TR persistence after TAVR (adjusted odds ratio 2.30, 95% confidence interval 1.20-4.46, p = 0.01). Moreover, 2 year all-cause mortality was significantly higher in patients with persistence or without change of TR compared to patients with TR improvement (log-rank p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: In patients undergoing TAVR for severe AS and concomitant at least moderate TR at baseline, TAD is a predictor of TR persistence, which is associated with increased 2-year all-cause mortality.
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Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Tricúspide , Humanos , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter/métodos , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Tricúspide/diagnóstico , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Tricúspide/etiología , Dilatación/efectos adversos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/diagnóstico , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/complicaciones , Estudios Retrospectivos , Válvula Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagen , Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Índice de Severidad de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Severe mitral regurgitation (MR) and tricuspid regurgitation (TR) aggravate haemodynamic stress leading to congestive heart failure with impaired hepatic function, also known as cardiohepatic syndrome (CHS). Current perioperative risk calculators do not sufficiently consider CHS and serum liver function parameters lack sensitivity to diagnose CHS. Indocyanine green and its elimination (measured by the LIMON® test) represent a dynamic and non-invasive test which correlates with the hepatic function. Nevertheless, its utility in the setting of transcatheter valve repair/replacement (TVR) to predict CHS and outcome remains unknown. METHODS: We analysed liver function and outcomes of patients undergoing TVR for MR or TR between August 2020 and May 2021 at the Munich University Hospital. RESULTS: Out of a total of 44 patients treated at the University Hospital of Munich, 21 (48%) were treated for severe MR, 20 (46%) for severe TR and 3 (7%) for both diseases. Procedural success defined as MR/TR ≤2+ was 94% among MR patients and 92% among TR patients. While classical serum liver function parameters did not change after TVR, there was a significant improvement in liver function as assessed by the LIMON® test (P ≤ 0.001). Patients with baseline indocyanine green plasma disappearance rate <12.95%/min showed significantly increased 1-year mortality (hazard ratio: 1.54, 95% confidence interval: 1.05-2.25, P = 0.027) and lower New York Hear Association class improvement (P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Especially in the context of the recently stressed importance of a careful patient selection prior to the interdisciplinary treatment of valvular heart disease, the LIMON® test may provide further real-time information on the patients' cardiohepatic injury and prognosis.
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BACKGROUND: The efficacy and safety of saline versus balanced crystalloid solutions in ICU-patients remains complicated by exceptionally heterogenous study population in past comparative studies. This study sought to compare saline and balanced crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in patients with cardiogenic shock with or without out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 1032 propensity score matched patients with cardiogenic shock from the Munich University Hospital from 2010 to 2022. In 2018, default resuscitation fluid was changed from 0.9% saline to balanced crystalloids. The primary endpoint was defined as 30-day mortality rate. RESULTS: Patients in the saline group (n = 516) had a similar 30-day mortality rate as patients treated with balanced crystalloids (n = 516) (43.1% vs. 43.0%, p = 0.833), but a higher incidence of new onset renal replacement therapy (30.2% vs 22.7%, p = 0.007) and significantly higher doses of catecholamines. However, OHCA-patients with a lactate level higher than 7.4 mmol/L had a significantly lower 30-day mortality rate when treated with saline (58.6% vs. 79.3%, p = 0.013). In addition, use of balanced crystalloids was independently associated with a higher mortality in the multivariate cox regression analysis after OHCA (hazard ratio 1.43, confidence interval: 1.05-1.96, p = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with cardiogenic shock, use of balanced crystalloids was associated with a similar all-cause mortality at 30 days but a lower rate of new onset of renal replacement therapy. In the subgroup of patients after OHCA with severe shock, use of balanced crystalloids was associated with a higher mortality than saline. TRIAL REGISTRATION: LMUshock registry (WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform Number DRKS00015860).
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BACKGROUND: The optimal access route in patients with severe peripheral artery disease (PAD) undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) remains undetermined. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to compare clinical outcomes with transfemoral access (TFA), transthoracic access (TTA), and nonthoracic transalternative access (TAA) in TAVR patients with severe PAD. METHODS: Patients with PAD and hostile femoral access (TFA impossible, or possible only after percutaneous treatment) undergoing TAVR at 28 international centers were included in this registry. The primary endpoint was the propensity-adjusted risk of 30-day major adverse events (MAE) defined as the composite of all-cause mortality, stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA), or main access site-related Valve Academic Research Consortium 3 major vascular complications. Outcomes were also stratified according to the severity of PAD using a novel risk score (Hostile score). RESULTS: Among the 1,707 patients included in the registry, 518 (30.3%) underwent TAVR with TFA after percutaneous treatment, 642 (37.6%) with TTA, and 547 (32.0%) with TAA (mostly transaxillary). Compared with TTA, both TFA (adjusted HR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.45-0.75) and TAA (adjusted HR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.47-0.78) were associated with lower 30-day rates of MAE, driven by fewer access site-related complications. Composite risks at 1 year were also lower with TFA and TAA compared with TTA. TFA compared with TAA was associated with lower 1-year risk of stroke/TIA (adjusted HR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.24-0.98), a finding confined to patients with low Hostile scores (Pinteraction = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with PAD undergoing TAVR, both TFA and TAA were associated with lower 30-day and 1-year rates of MAE compared with TTA, but 1-year stroke/TIA rates were higher with TAA compared with TFA.
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Ataque Isquémico Transitorio , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica , Accidente Cerebrovascular , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter , Humanos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Sistema de RegistrosRESUMEN
Despite the rapid increase in experience and technological improvement, the incidence of conduction disturbances in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with the self-expandable CoreValve Evolut valve remains high. Recently, a cusp-overlap view (COP) implantation technique has been proposed for TAVR with self-expandable valves offering an improved visualization during valve expansion compared to the three-cusp view (TCV). This study aims to systematically analyze procedural outcomes of TAVR patients treated with the CoreValve Evolut valve using a COP compared to TCV in a high-volume center. The primary endpoint was technical success according the 2021 VARC-3 criteria. A total of 122 consecutive patients (61 pts. TCV: April 2019 to November 2020; 61 pts. COP: December 2020 to October 2021) that underwent TAVR with the CoreValve Evolut prosthesis were included in this analysis. Although there was no difference in the primary endpoint technical success between TCV and COP patients (93.4% vs. 90.2%, OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.16, 2.4, p = 0.51), we observed a significantly lower risk for permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) among COP patients (TCV: 27.9% vs. COP: 13.1%, OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.15, 0.97, p = 0.047). Implantation of the CoreValve Evolut prosthesis using the COP might help to reduce the rate of PPI following TAVR.
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BACKGROUND: Large-bore arteriotomy for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) requires percutaneous vascular closure devices, but real-world data comparing different closure strategies are limited. AIMS: We sought to compare a dual ProGlide strategy vs a combination of one ProGlide and one FemoSeal for vascular closure after TAVI. METHODS: We retrospectively analysed 874 propensity score-matched patients undergoing TAVI at the Munich University Hospital from August 2018 to October 2020. From August 2018 to August 2019, a dual ProGlide strategy was used for vascular closure. From October 2019 to October 2020, a combination of one ProGlide and one FemoSeal was used. The primary endpoint was defined as access-related major vascular complications or bleeding ≥Type 2 according to Valve Academic Research Consortium 3 criteria. RESULTS: Patients in the dual ProGlide group (n=437) had a higher incidence of the primary endpoint than patients treated with one ProGlide and one FemoSeal (n=437; 11.4% vs 3.0%; p<0.001). Furthermore, they had a higher rate of closure device failure (2.7% vs 0.9%; p=0.044) and more often required unplanned surgery or endovascular treatment (3.9% vs 0.9%; p=0.004). The incidence of death did not differ significantly between groups (3.4% vs 1.6%; p=0.08). CONCLUSIONS: A combined ProGlide and FemoSeal strategy might have the potential to reduce access-related vascular complications following TAVI.
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Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter , Dispositivos de Cierre Vascular , Humanos , Reemplazo de la Válvula Aórtica Transcatéter/efectos adversos , Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Estudios Retrospectivos , Arteria Femoral/cirugía , Resultado del Tratamiento , Dispositivos de Cierre Vascular/efectos adversos , Hemostasis , Válvula Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagen , Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Técnicas Hemostáticas/efectos adversosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To compare the diagnostic value of Bruch's membrane opening minimum rim width (BMO-MRW) and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) in patients with ocular hypertension, preperimetric, and perimetric glaucoma. METHODS: One hundred eighty-one eyes consisting of 40 healthy controls, 41 ocular hypertensive subjects, 50 subjects with preperimetric glaucoma and 50 with perimetric glaucoma were included. One randomly selected eye was included. All patients underwent slit-lamp examination, funduscopy, achromatic perimetry, and 24-hour IOP profile. Bruch's membrane opening-MRW and RNFLT (3 peripapillary circle scans, 12°/14°/16°) data were obtained using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Areas under the receiver operating characteristics curves (AUROC) as well as sensitivity at fixed specificity were computed globally and for six vertical split sectors. Venn diagrams were plotted to identify patients that were diagnosed by one of the two parameters only. RESULTS: For RNFLT the smallest circle diameter showed highest diagnostic accuracy and was used for comparison with BMO-MRW. Distinguishing perimetric glaucoma, RNFLT and BMO-MRW showed comparable AUROCs in global (AUROC, 95% confidence interval: 0.954, 0.911-0.996 and 0.929, 0.872-0.986) and sectoral (0.929, 0.877-0.981 and 0.946, 0.904-0.996) analysis. For preperimetric glaucoma BMO-MRW and RNFLT also demonstrated comparable performance in global (0.839, 0.757-0.921 and 0.821, 0.731-0.912) and sectoral (0.860, 0.782-0.938 and 0.835, 0.750-0.920) analysis. When identifying ocular hypertensive eyes AUROCs were lower for global RNFLT and BMO-MRW (0.493, 0.365-0.621 and 0.562, 0.433-0.691). A combined parameter showed an AUROC of 0.959, 0.921 to 0.996 for perimetric and 0.849, 0.770 to 0.929 for preperimetric glaucoma. CONCLUSIONS: Bruch's membrane opening-MRW and RNFLT are comparably useful parameters for discrimination of preperimetric and perimetric glaucomatous eyes and show potential to assist each other in glaucoma diagnosis. (www.ClinicalTrials.gov number, NTC00494923; Erlangen Glaucoma Registry.).