Self-reported clinical features and treatment effectiveness of Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome patients from five Latin American countries: A cross-sectional online survey study.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Most studies about Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) are limited to case reports and patients of the same nationality. This study aimed to determine the self-reported prevalence of signs, symptoms and treatment effectiveness in PLS patients from five Latin American countries. METHODS: An online survey was conducted among adult and paediatric patients from Mexico, Argentina, Colombia and Brazil. Data were collected using multiple-choice, open-ended and image-chooser questions on demographics, signs and symptoms, perceived treatment effectiveness and quality of life. RESULTS: Seventeen patients (10 males and 7 females) aged 4-47 years were surveyed. All had palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. Other affected sites were the feet and hand dorsum (82.35%), Achilles tendon (88.24%), forearms (58.82%), legs (29.41%) and glutes (23.53%). They frequently presented hyperhidrosis and nail pitting. Four had a history of delayed umbilical cord separation. All used topical treatments, with moderate effectiveness; half used oral retinoids, perceived as highly effective. Most reported decreased quality of life and walking difficulties. CONCLUSIONS: The study's results align with prior research on PLS, but reveal new insights, including the impact on patients' quality of life and a history of delayed umbilical cord separation. These findings warrant consideration in future research and patient care.

Over the Counter Products for Acne Treatment and Maintenance in Latin America: A Review of Current Clinical Practice.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence and clinical presentation of acne vulgaris in Latin America are comparable to that in Europe and the United States. This review aims at insight into the role of Over the Counter (OTC) products in acne treatment and maintenance in Latin America. METHODS: A panel of dermatologists from Latin America employed an online procedure to answer questions on this topic: What is used, by whom, when, how, and why? Before the meeting, a survey was completed by dermatologists from Latin America on OTC products for acne recommended by the panel in their clinical practice. The survey information and a literature review on Latin American acne guidelines and clinical studies were used to address this topic. RESULTS: The survey responders' choices on OTC products for monotherapy comprised alpha-hydroxy acid and beta-hydroxy acid-containing serum, ceramides-containing foaming cleanser, a soap-free exfoliating cleanser, adapalene, and benzoyl peroxide-containing products. The clinicians recommended OTC cleansing products mainly for younger patients at a starter level and for women with adult acne. The use of these OTC products is similar to practice described in therapeutic acne guidelines and algorithms for Latin American countries, Spain and Portugal, Europe, and the United States. CONCLUSIONS: Advisors agreed that OTC products and skincare recommendations, in addition to the use of prescription medications, are a crucial part of successful acne therapy. Participants noted that the use of quality OTC products could improve acne symptomatology and severity. J Drugs Dermatol. 2021;20(3):244-250. doi:10.36849/JDD.5779 THIS ARTICLE HAD BEEN MADE AVAILABLE FREE OF CHARGE. PLEASE SCROLL DOWN TO ACCESS THE FULL fTEXT OF THIS ARTICLE WITHOUT LOGGING IN. NO PURCHASE NECESSARY. PLEASE CONTACT THE PUBLISHER WITH ANY QUESTIONS.

Correction to: Consumption of non-nutritive sweeteners by pre-schoolers of the food and environment Chilean cohort (FECHIC) before the implementation of the Chilean food labelling and advertising law.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Consumption of non-nutritive sweeteners by pre-schoolers of the food and environment Chilean cohort (FECHIC) before the implementation of the Chilean food labelling and advertising law.

BACKGROUND: Consumption of non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) is becoming increasingly more frequent, particularly in the context of obesity prevention policies. The aim of this study was to describe the consumption of NNS in an ongoing cohort of pre-schoolers (4-6-year-old) before the implementation of the Chilean Food Labelling and Advertising Law, identify sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics associated with their consumption, and describe the main dietary sources of each NNS sub-type. METHODS: In 959 low-medium income pre-schoolers from the Food and Environment Chilean Cohort (FECHIC), dietary data from a single 24-h recall was linked to NNS content information obtained from packaged foods (n = 12,233). The prevalence of NNS consumption was estimated by food source and characterized by child and maternal sociodemographic and anthropometric variables. Intakes and main dietary sources were described for the six most prevalent NNS in Chile: Sodium Cyclamate, Saccharin, Aspartame, Acesulfame Potassium, Sucralose, and Steviol glycosides. RESULTS: Sixty-eight percent of the pre-schoolers consumed at least one source of NNS on the day of the dietary recall; most of them consumed NNS from foods and beverages (n = 532), while only 12% (n = 119) also consumed table-top sweeteners. The prevalence of NNS consumption was significantly higher among children whose mothers had a high educational level compared to children whose mothers did not complete high school (p < 0.05); however, it did not differ by any other variable studied. The highest intakes of NNS were observed for Aspartame [2.5 (1.4-3.7) mg/kg per consumer], followed by Sodium Cyclamate [1.6 (1.3-2.6) mg/kg per consumer] and Steviol glycosides [1.2 (0.2-2.1) mg/kg per consumer]. Beverages were the only food group that contributed to the intake of the six NNS studied, accounting for 22% of the overall intake of Saccharine and up to 99% of Aspartame intake. CONCLUSIONS: Before the implementation of the Food Labelling and Advertising Law, NNS consumption was highly prevalent among a cohort of low-middle income Chilean pre-schoolers. Continuous monitoring of NNS consumption is essential given potential food reformulation associated with the implementation of this set of obesity-prevention policies.

Monitoring modifiable risk factors for breast cancer: an obligation for health professionals.

SYNOPSIS Worldwide, breast cancer is the most common disease in women and constitutes the second leading cause of cancer death in this population. The factors that contribute to the risk of occurrence are divided into nonmodifiable and modifiable factors. Although there are interventions in primary care to prevent the disease, these measures have not produced the desired changes in women's health. This article reviews the major modifiable risk factors for breast cancer and describes how these factors can affect the incidence of cancer in women. This information shows that modifiable risk factors (such as physical activity, diet, obesity, and use of alcohol and tobacco) can influence the occurrence of breast cancer, in part depending on the life stage of a woman, including menopausal status. Timely prevention at the primary care level is one of the most important areas on which health professionals need to focus in order to help reduce the incidence of breast cancer.

[Assessment of a nutrition education intervention among construction workers]. / Evaluación de una intervención educativa nutricional en trabajadores de la construcción para prevenir enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en Chile.

BACKGROUND: Unhealthy lifestyles and overweight are common among blue collar workers. AIM: To evaluate a nutrition education intervention in construction workers to prevent chronic diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred forty two participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 69) and or a control group (n = 73). The experimental group received nutrition education consisting in individual lifestyle counseling, group workshop, group counseling in healthy lifestyles, and environmental intervention. At baseline and after one year of intervention, clinical evaluations consisting in laboratory determinations, anthropometry and nutritional assessment evaluation were carried out. RESULTS: The experimental group experienced a significant decrease in waist circumference, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and an increase in HDL cholesterol. A significant reduction in total calorie intake, especially at the evening snack was observed during week-days. The same reduction in total calories occurred at dinner during the week-end. A significant increase was observed in the consumption of fruits, vegetables and fish. In the control group there was a significant increase in weight, waist circumference, body mass index, glucose and insulin, without changes in total calorie intake or healthy food consumption. High soft drink consumption did not change in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: In construction workers, integral nutrition intervention at the individual, group and environmental level had an impact in nutritional and biochemical indicators.

[Feeding habits and lifestyles of male construction workers]. / Estilos de vida, alimentación y estado nutricional en trabajadores de la construcción de la Región Metropolitana de Chile.

BACKGROUND: The less affluent and educated members of the society tend to be less prone to healthy lifestyles. AIM: To describe feeding habits, nutrition, quality of life and working conditions of construction workers comparing two recent surveys, namely the 2009 Chilean National Health Survey (NHS) and the 2010 Work, Employment and Health Survey (WEH). MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred ninety male workers aged 43±13 years were surveyed about feeding habits during working days and weekends, smoking and usual physical activity. Weight, height and blood pressure were also measured. RESULTS: In 2010, 82% of workers were overweight or obese compared with 67% rates in the NHS of 2009. The rate of sedentariness was 86% compared with 84% in the NHS of 2009 and 93% in the WEH 2010. Forty one percent smoked and those aged less than 25 years consumed more calories than the other age groups. There was a high intake of carbonated beverages, bread, salted and red meats and a low consumption of fruits, vegetables, legumes and fish. Seventy seven percent had a meal at midafternoon and only 25% ate supper. Lunch had a fixed schedule, was considered good and usually was prepared by a family member. The level of satisfaction with work, family life and life in general was high. The satisfaction with health and physical condition was lower. CONCLUSIONS: The unhealthy lifestyles of these construction workers should alert health authorities.

Understanding the life experience of people on hemodialysis: adherence to treatment and quality of life.

This hermeneutic-phenomenological study explores the lived experiences of patients on hemodialysis in regard to the adherence to treatment and quality of life. Fifteen patients were interviewed, including six women and nine men from three dialysis centers in Chile. Two main themes derived from the analysis: 1) embracing the disease and dialysis, and 2) preventing progression of the disease through treatment management. The findings suggest that patients recognize adherence to treatment and quality of life as conditions that derive from self-care and environmental conditions, which the healthcare provider must constantly assess for care planning to improve the adherence and quality of life in this population.

Cross-species transmission and PB2 mammalian adaptations of highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 viruses in Chile.

H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) emerged in wild birds in Chile in December 2022 and spilled over into poultry, marine mammals, and one human. Between December 9, 2022 - March 14, 2023, a coordinated government/academic response detected HPAIV by real-time RT-PCR in 8.5% (412/4735) of samples from 23 avian and 3 mammal orders. Whole-genome sequences obtained from 77 birds and 8 marine mammals revealed that all Chilean H5N1 viruses belong to lineage 2.3.4.4b and cluster monophyletically with viruses from Peru, indicating a single introduction from North America into Peru/Chile. Mammalian adaptations were identified in the PB2 segment: D701N in two sea lions, one human, and one shorebird, and Q591K in the human and one sea lion. Minor variant analysis revealed that D701N was present in 52.9 - 70.9% of sequence reads, indicating the presence of both genotypes within hosts. Further surveillance of spillover events is warranted to assess the emergence and potential onward transmission of mammalian adapted H5N1 HPAIV in South America.

Sweetness of Chilean Infants' Diets: Methodology and Description.

Sugars and other sweeteners contribute to the sweet taste of foods; exposure to this taste could alter appetite regulation and preferences for sweet products. Despite this, there is no widely accepted methodology for estimating overall diet sweetness. The objective of this study was to develop a methodology to estimate diet sweetness and describe diet sweetness in a cohort of Chilean infants. In order to estimate diet sweetness density, the sweetness intensity of foods was obtained from existing databases and from sensory evaluations in products with no available information and then linked to 24-h dietary recalls of infants at 12 and 36 months of age. Diet sweetness density was significantly and positively associated with total sugars and non-nutritive sweeteners intakes. The main food sources of sweetness at 12 months were fruits (27%) and beverages (19%). Sweetness density increased 40% between 12 and 36 months (from 1196 to 1673, p < 0.01), and sweetness density at both ages was significantly associated. At 36 months, beverages and dairy products were the main sources of sweetness (representing 32.2% and 28.6%, respectively). The methodology presented here to estimate the sweetness density of the diet could be useful for other studies to help elucidate different effects of exposure to high sweetness.

Personal and professional characteristics of the primary care nurse in the cultural care of migrant populations.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the personal and professional characteristics perceived by primary nurses from a province located in the Maule region, Chile, regarding care with cultural relevance of the migrant person. METHOD: Qualitative paradigm with an instrumental case study design, participated 9 professionals from 3 Family Health Centers, meeting inclusion criteria. The article is part of the doctoral thesis work and has the approval of the Scientific Ethics Committee of the Universidad Católica Del Maule. Data collection was through in-depth semi-structured interviews, between January and February 2020. The analysis was carried out from Albert Schütz's sociophenomenology with hermeneutical components. RESULTS: Empathy and cultural knowledge stand out as personal characteristics and in the professional area, comprehensive knowledge, and care. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: Caring with cultural relevance is a challenge for nursing, training in cultural competence is required and continue researching on the subject.

[Impact of a teachers' program on food habits and culinary skills in Chilean public schools]. / Efecto de un programa para profesores sobre cambio de hábitos alimentarios y habilidades culinarias en escuelas públicas de Chile.

INTRODUCTION: Objective: to evaluate a healthy food program for teachers and their educational transfer through an action plan for 3rd to 5th primary students, to improve their food habits and culinary skills. Methodology: a four months quasi-experimental prospective study was carried out, with qualitative measurements to teachers (n = 43) and pre- and post-intervention quantitative measurements for students (n = 302) in three public schools compared with a control group in other three schools (n = 265) in La Reina county, Santiago, Chile. The teachers received on-line training and at the end of the program they designed an action plan to be implemented at the three intervened schools. Results: half of the students reported that they had dinner at night. A high percentage had breakfast and lunch twice a day. At the end of the study, the number of students who had lunch twice a day was reduced to a half. Also, the group significantly increased the water and fruits consumption, instead of snacks. In culinary skills, they learned how to prepare healthy sandwiches. As a result, the level of obesity in both groups decreased significantly. The teachers increased water consumption, limited the number of meals to three per day, and decreased the fast food eating. Conclusion: the healthy food training improved the food habits of teachers and students. The support of the headmaster and the staff of the school is required to organize activities to promote healthy food.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Objetivo: evaluar un programa de alimentación saludable para docentes y su transferencia educativa a través de un plan de acción a alumnos de 3º a 5º básico para mejorar sus hábitos alimentarios y habilidades culinarias. Metodología: estudio cuasi-experimental prospectivo de cuatro meses de duración, con mediciones cualitativas a profesores (n = 43) y cuantitativas pre- y postintervención en alumnos (n = 302) de tres colegios municipales, comparados con un grupo control de otros tres colegios (n = 265) en la comuna de La Reina, Santiago de Chile. Los profesores recibieron una capacitación on-line y al final del curso elaboraron un plan de acción que aplicaron en los colegios intervenidos. Resultados: en hábitos y consumo alimentarios, la mitad de los niños refirió que cenaba en la noche y un alto porcentaje desayunaba y almorzaba dos veces. Los que almorzaban dos veces disminuyeron a la mitad al final de la intervención. En el grupo intervenido aumentó significativamente la fruta como colación y en ambos grupos, la ingesta de agua. En habilidades culinarias, el grupo intervenido mejoró la preparación de sándwich. En ambos grupos disminuyó significativamente la obesidad. En los profesores mejoraron el consumo de agua y el hábito de comer tres veces al día y disminuyó la ingesta de comida rápida. Conclusión: la capacitación en alimentación saludable para profesores mejora sus hábitos alimentarios, los cuales se transfieren a sus alumnos. Para ello se debe contar con el apoyo de la dirección de la escuela y con equipos docentes interesados en organizar actividades de promoción de alimentación saludable.

Gusto dulce: Percepción, fuentes alimentarias y preferencias

El dulzor es un atributo característico de alimentos y bebidas que contienen azúcares u otros edulcorantes. El uso de azú-cares ha sido reemplazado por otros edulcorantes, a fin de disminuir los efectos nocivos de éstos en diferentes resultados de salud. Sin embargo, se ha sugerido que el gusto dulce, independiente de su origen, podría tener efectos indeseados en la salud. En este artículo se revisan diversos aspectos relacionados con el gusto dulce, desde su percepción, su presencia en alimentos y líquidos, las preferencias innatas y adquiridas por este gusto y los productos que lo aportan. Se analiza además la importancia de estudiar el rol del gusto dulce en la dieta y salud.

Sweetness is a characteristic of foods and beverages that contain sugars or other sweeteners. Sugars have been replaced by other sweeteners to reduce their harmful effects on different health outcomes. However, it has been suggested that the sweet taste, regardless of its origin, could have unwanted effects on health. This article reviews various aspects of sweet taste, from its perception, presence in foods and liquids, innate and acquired preferences for this taste, and the products that provide it. We also analyzed the importance of studying the role of sweet taste in diet and health.

Chemical and sensory assessment of extra virgin olive oil blends with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from plant origin

Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is known for its health benefits, although it provides a minimum amount of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), which play an important role in the human organism. In this study, EVOO was blended with vegetable oils which are rich sources of n-3 PUFA alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and/or stearidonic acid (SDA) (chia, walnut, linseed and viper's bugloss seed oils). Fatty acid profiles, induction time, and organoleptic characteristics of the resulting blends were assessed. The n-3 PUFA enrichment in the blends was proportional to the degree of blending. Sensory analysis carried out by a trained panel showed that it is possible to enrich EVOO with up to 20% chia, linseed and viper's bugloss seed oil without altering the original organoleptic characteristics of EVOO. However, the induction time of the blends was significantly reduced compared with EVOO even after adding n-3 PUFA in small proportions, meaning that shelf-life time of these blends is much lower than that of EVOO, which should be considered when preparing these products for commercial purposes.

El aceite de oliva extra virgen (AOEV) es ampliamente conocido por sus beneficios para la salud, aunque apenas aporta ácidos grasos poliinsaturados n-3 (AGPI n-3), los cuales juegan un papel importante en el organismo humano. En este estudio se elaboraron mezclas de AOEV con aceites vegetales ricos en ácido alfa-linolénico (ALA) y/o estearidónico (SDA) (chia, nuez, linaza y viborera). Se evaluaron los perfiles de ácidos grasos, tiempos de inducción y características organolépticas de las mezclas resultantes. El enriquecimiento en AGPI n-3 fue proporcional al grado de mezcla. El análisis sensorial llevado a cabo por un panel entrenado mostró que es posible enriquecer AOEV con hasta un 20% de aceite de chia, linaza o viborera sin alterar las características organolépticas originales del AOEV. Sin embargo, los tiempos de inducción de las mezclas fueron significativamente menores que el del AOEV, incluso tras añadir AGPI n-3 en pequeñas proporciones, lo que significa que el tiempo de vida media de las mezclas es mucho menor que el del AOEV. Este hecho debería tenerse en cuenta al preparar las mezclas con propósitos comerciales.

Teachers' self-perception of their dietary behavior and needs to teach healthy eating habits in the school.

Through focus groups, we explored 22 third- to fifth-grade teachers' perceptions about their eating habits, including barriers and facilitators to healthy eating. It also explored teachers' thoughts about how to teach students healthy eating habits. The information was transcribed and treated using the content analysis technique. Results were evaluated using the concept of majority and minority group and presented in a sequential way: teachers' perceptions about eating habits, barriers to healthy eating, teacher's culinary habits, abilities to teach students healthy eating habits through Information and Communication Technologies, and cooking activities. Teachers' eating habits were poor, with lack of time, money, and will to improve. They had culinary habits skills and the desire to instruct and guide their students in eating healthier food. They need a program with Information and Communication Technologies and cooking workshops to apply in the classroom.

Fortalezas y debilidades sobre la incorporación de salud intercultural en la formación de enfermería / Strengths and weaknesses on the incorporation of intercultural health in nursing training

Objetivo principal: Analizar las fortalezas y debilidades identificadas por profesionales de enfermería sobre la incorporación de salud intercultural en la formación. Metodología:Investigación cualitativa con enfoque fenomenológico. Diseño: estudio de caso intrínseco. Participaron en total 28 profesionales de enfermería de la región del Maule, Chile que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión.Resultados principales:Las fortalezas identificadas fueron concordancia con la realidad país, integridad profesional y competencia intercultural en salud, esto permitiría proporcionar atención a cualquier persona que lo necesite. La debilidad principal radica en que la formación en cuidado intercultural está implícita en el itinerario formativo.Conclusión principal:El currículo de Enfermería posee elementos que le permitirían gestionar el cuidado de manera integral y holística; no obstante, las temáticas interculturales se aprecian implícitas o ausentes en la formación. Esto evidencia la necesidad de flexibilizar y transversalizar los contenidos, donde los académicos propicien metodologías de enseñanza dinámicas y los profesionales clínicos fomenten encuentros interculturales de manera reflexiva.(AU)

Objective: To analyse the strengths and weaknesses identified by nursing professionals on the incorporation of intercultural health in nursing training.Methods:Qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. Intrinsic case study design. A total of 28 nursing professionals participated of the Maule region, Chile, who met the inclusion criteria.Results:The strengths identified were consistent with the country's reality, professional integrity, and intercultural competence in health, this would allow providing healthcare to anyone who needs it. The main weakness lies in the fact that training in intercultural care is implicit in the training itinerary.Conclusions:The Nursing curriculum has elements that would allow to manage care in a comprehensive and holistic way; however, intercultural themes are implicit or absent in the training. This evidences the need to make content more flexible and transversal, where academics promote dynamic teaching method-ologies and clinical professionals foster intercultural encounters in a reflective manner.(AU)

Personal and professional characteristics of the primary care nurse in the cultural care of migrant populations / Características pessoais e profissionais do enfermeiro de cuidados primários no cuidado cultural de populações migrantes / Características personales y profesionales del enfermero de atención primaria en el cuidado cultural de poblaciones migrantes

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the personal and professional characteristics perceived by primary nurses from a province located in the Maule region, Chile, regarding care with cultural relevance of the migrant person. Method Qualitative paradigm with an instrumental case study design, participated 9 professionals from 3 Family Health Centers, meeting inclusion criteria. The article is part of the doctoral thesis work and has the approval of the Scientific Ethics Committee of the Universidad Católica Del Maule. Data collection was through in-depth semi-structured interviews, between January and February 2020. The analysis was carried out from Albert Schütz's sociophenomenology with hermeneutical components. Results Empathy and cultural knowledge stand out as personal characteristics and in the professional area, comprehensive knowledge, and care. Final considerations Caring with cultural relevance is a challenge for nursing, training in cultural competence is required and continue researching on the subject.

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar as características pessoais e profissionais que os enfermeiros da atenção primária em uma província da região de Maule, Chile, quanto ao cuidado com relevância cultural à pessoa migrante. Método Paradigma qualitativo, com desenho de estudo de caso instrumental. Participaram 9 profissionais de 3 Centros de Saúde da Família que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão para participação no estudo. Este trabalho faz parte de uma tese de doutorado, aprovada previamente pelo Comitê de Ética Científico da Universidad Católica del Maule. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas em profundidade entre janeiro e fevereiro de 2020. A análise foi realizada a partir da fenomenologia social de Albert Schütz com componentes hermenêuticos. Resultados A empatia e o conhecimento cultural destacam-se como características pessoais e conhecimento e cuidados integrais são destacados como características profissionais. Considerações finais Cuidar com relevância cultural é um desafio para a enfermagem, pois exige formação em competência cultural e pesquisas contínuas sobre essa temática.

RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar las características personales y profesionales que perciben los enfermeros y enfermeras de atención primaria de una provincia de la región del Maule, Chile, respecto al cuidado con pertinencia cultural a la persona migrante. Método Paradigma cualitativo con diseño estudio de caso de tipo instrumental, participaron 9 profesionales de 3 Centros de Salud Familiar que cumplieron criterios de inclusión; el artículo es parte del trabajo de tesis doctoral, cuenta con la aprobación del Comité de Ética Científico de la Universidad Católica del Maule. Recolección de datos fue mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas en profundidad, entre enero y febrero 2020. El análisis se realizó desde la sociofenomenología de Albert Schütz con componentes hermenéuticos. Resultados Destaca la empatía y conocimiento cultural como características personales y del área profesional conocimientos y cuidados integrales. Consideraciones finales Cuidar con pertinencia cultural es desafío para enfermería, se requiere formación en competencia cultural y continuar investigando en la temática.

Loose Anchoring of Anagen Hairs and Pili Torti due to Erlotinib.

Erlotinib is a selective epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor utilized in the treatment of solid tumors. Cutaneous side effects, including changes in hair texture and alopecia, have been described. In this case report, we describe two patients with a new finding of loose anagen hairs and pili torti leading to nonscarring marginal and diffuse alopecia and discuss potential mechanisms underlying erlotinib-induced hair changes.

Experiencias de estudiantes en la carrera de enfermería que han reprobado una actividad curricular / Experiences of students in the nursing career who have failed a curricular activity / Experiências de estudantes da carreira de enfermagem que fracassaram em uma atividade curricular

En Chile las altas tasas de repitencia y deserción en estudiantes universitarios ha sido tema de preocupación de docentes y autoridades. OBJETIVO: Conocer las experiencias de estudiantes que han reprobado alguna actividad curricular en el año 2016 en los niveles del II, III y IV año de la carrera de enfermería. La ejecución de este proyecto se realizó en una universidad chilena, previa autorización del consentimiento informado y del comité de ética. MÉTODO: Cualitativo fenomenológico. La muestra se obtuvo mediante criterios de saturación y determinada a lo largo del estudio durante el proceso recolección y el análisis de los datos, como base en los resultados obtenidos por el investigador. Para la recolección de datos se realizó una entrevista en profundidad semiestructurada, individual y focus group. El análisis de los datos se efectuó bajo la mirada del filósofo Martin Heidegger y la Doctora Patricia Benner. El rigor metodológico se cumple mediante la triangulación. RESULTADOS: La reprobación es un proceso transversal en los diferentes niveles de formación de pregrado que conlleva a incrementos en los gastos económicos familiares y a nivel país. La brecha entre la educación media y universitaria es amplia en términos de las metodologías de enseñanza y de aprendizaje, además de la carga académica de los estudiantes. CONCLUSIÓN: El fenómeno de la reprobación es reconocido como un proceso complejo, multivariado cuyos significados son distintos, con una carga emocional importante, tanto para el estudiante como para la familia

In Chilean universities, class failure and dropouts are a big concern among teachers and authorities. The objective of this research was to know the student experiences, who have failed a curricular activity during 2016, in the levels of the II, III, and IV years in a nursing program. This project was carried in a Chilean university and it was authorized by the informed consent and the Ethics Committee. METHOD: qualitative phenomenological. The sample was obtained by saturation criterion and determined in the study during the collection process and data analysis by the researcher. For data collection, a semi-structured individual interview was conducted to the focus group. The data were analyzed with the point of view of the philosopher Martin Heidegger, and Dr. Patricia Benner. Methodological rigor was accomplished by triangulation. RESULTS: Failure is a cross-sectional process at different levels of undergraduate training which leads to increases in family and country economic expenses. The gap between higher and college education is wide in terms of teaching and learning methodologies, in addition to the academic load of the students. CONCLUSION: the phenomenon of failing is recognized as a complex and multivariate process, whose meanings are different and with a significant emotional burden, for both the student and the family

No Chile, as altas taxas de repetição e evasão de estudantes universitários têm sido motivo de preocupação para professores e autoridades. O objetivo da pesquisa é conhecer as experiências de alunos que reprovaram alguma atividade curricular no ano de 2016 nos níveis do 2°, 3° e 4° ano do curso de enfermagem. A execução deste projeto foi realizada em uma universidade chilena, com autorização prévia do consentimento informado e do comitê de ética. METODO: A abordagem utilizada foi fenomenológica qualitativa. A amostra foi obtida por meio de critérios de saturação e determinada ao longo do estudo durante o processo de coleta e análise dos dados, com base nos resultados obtidos pelo pesquisador. Para a coleta de dados, foi realizada uma entrevista profunda, semiestruturada, individual e em grupo focal. Os dados foram analisados sob o olhar do filósofo Martin Heidegger e da Dra. Patricia Benner. O rigor metodológico é atendido por triangulação. Os resultados indicaram que A reprovação é um processo transversal em diferentes níveis de formação na graduação que leva a aumentos nas despesas econômicas da família e do país. A diferença entre o ensino médio e o ensino superior é grande em termos de metodologias de ensino e aprendizagem, além da carga acadêmica dos alunos. CONCLUSÃO: O fenômeno da reprovação é reconhecido pelos entrevistados como um processo complexo, multivariado, cujos significados são diferentes e que também levam a uma carga emocional importante para o aluno e a familia