Modelling the effects of water-point closure and fencing removal: a GIS approach.

Artificial water-points in the form of troughs or ground tanks are used to augment natural water supplies within rangelands in many parts of the world. Access to such water-points leads to the development of a distinct ecological sub-system, the piosphere, where trampling and grazing impact modify the vegetation. This study aims to consolidate existing information in a GIS based model to investigate grazing patterns within the landscape. The model focuses on the closure of water-points and removal of fences on Nanya Station, New South Wales, Australia. We found that the manipulation of water-points and fences in one management intervention may change grazing activity in a way different to that which would be experienced if each had been modified separately. Such effects are further modified by the spatial distribution of the water-points and the underlying vegetation.

[Intratracheal foreign body caused by a sheared endotracheal intubation stylet]. / Intratrachealer Fremdkörper durch eine abgescherte Einführhilfe.

After orotracheal intubation of a 30-year-old man with a flexible tube, a floating foreign body was noticed inside the tube. The subsequent bronchoscopy revealed a second foreign body near the bifurcation of the trachea. Both foreign bodies were removed successfully and identified as parts of the plastic-sheathed stylet. Fatigue of material is discussed as the reason for the broken reusable stylet during intubation.