Lung ultrasound and postoperative follow-up of congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Lung ultrasound (LU) has emerged as a valuable tool for assessing pulmonary aeration noninvasively, rapidly, and reliably in different neonatal conditions. However, its role in the preoperative and postoperative evaluation in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is still poorly analyzed. We present a cohort of 8 patients diagnosed with CDH who underwent lung ultrasound examinations at various time points before and after surgical correction. The lung ultrasound patterns were compared between two groups: mechanical ventilation ≤ 7 days (MV ≤ 7) and mechanical ventilation > 7 days (MV > 7). The ultrasound findings were also compared to CT scans and chest X-ray images to assess its diagnostic capacity for identifying postoperative complications: pneumothorax, pleural effusion, and pneumonia. Group MV ≤ 7 exhibited a normal pattern even at 48 h postsurgery, while group MV > 7 presented interstitial or alveolointerstitial pattern in both lungs for prolonged periods (2-3 weeks). Furthermore, contralateral LU pattern may be predictive of respiratory evolution.  Conclusion: Lung ultrasound is a valuable tool for evaluating the progressive reaeration of the lung following surgical correction in CDH patients. It demonstrates the ability to diagnose common postoperative complications without the need for radiation exposure while offering the advantages of quick and serial assessments. These findings highlight the potential of lung ultrasound as an effective alternative to conventional imaging methods in the management of CDH. What is Known: • Lung ultrasound evaluates lung aeration and predicts respiratory outcomes in neonatal patients. What is New: • Lung ultrasound is useful in the postsurgical management of congenital diaphragmatic hernia patients, detecting reaeration and respiratory complications.

Point-of-care lung ultrasound in three neonates with COVID-19.

Since March 2020, the world is involved in the COVID-19 pandemic, a disease caused by a novel virus called SARS-CoV-2. Some authors have described the ultrasonographic findings of COVID-19 pneumonia in adults and children, but data on neonates are lacking. Our objective was to describe the ultrasonographic lung pattern on newborns with SARS-CoV-2 infection during the COVID-19 pandemic. Newborns who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 PCR in respiratory samples and were evaluated with point-of-care lung ultrasound (LU) from March to April 2020 were included. LU was performed bedside by a single investigator at the time of diagnosis and every 48 h during the first week following diagnosis. Six areas were studied. Three neonates were included. Infants' comorbidities included meconium aspiration syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and Hirschsprung's disease. One required mechanical ventilation. No deaths occurred. LU showed B-lines, consolidation, and spared areas. No pneumothorax or pleural effusion was observedConclusions: LU could be of value when managing COVID-19 neonates. We describe the findings of lung ultrasound monitoring during the first week following diagnosis in three neonates with SARS-CoV-2 infection. What is known: • Lung ultrasound (LU) is a useful tool in COVID-19 management in adults. To date, no report on LU and neonates with SARS-CoV-2 infection has been published. What is new: • This study adds evidence about LU findings in neonates with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Apendicitis abdominal neonatal. Experiencia en un hospital terciario y revisión de la literatura / Neonatal appendicitis. Our experience and review

Introducción: La apendicitis neonatal (AN) es una enfermedad poco frecuente, cuyo diagnóstico diferencial con otras entidades, como la enterocolitis necrosante, es muy difícil de realizar. Casos clínicos: Presentamos tres casos de AN en nuestro centro atendidos en los últimos 12 años. Resultados: Todos eran recién nacidos prematuros de menos de 1.500 g, con distensión abdominal y signos radiológicos de perforación. Todos sobrevivieron tras la realización de una laparotomía y una apendicectomía. No se encontraron en ningún caso otras enfermedades asociadas, como enfermedad de Hirschsprung (EH) o fibrosis quística (FQ). Conclusiones: La AN es un cuadro poco frecuente, y en nuestra experiencia no parece estar relacionado con la EH ni la FQ. Con un diagnóstico precoz, puede tener buen pronóstico (AU)

Introduction: Neonatal appendicitis (NA) is a rare disease, and differential diagnosis with necrotizing enterocolitis is hard to do. Clinical cases: We present three cases of NA found in our centre in the last 12 years. Results: All of them were premature infants less than 1,500 g, with physical findings of abdominal distention and perforation. All of them survived after laparotomy and appendectomy. No other diseases were associated (Hirschsprung disease, cystic fibrosis). Conclusions: We find neonatal appendicitis to be rare, and in our experience is not related to Hirschsprung disease or cystic fibrosis. With early diagnoses, prognosis seems to be good (AU)