Distribution of airborne respiratory pathogens in pediatric emergency department waiting room.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the presence of genetic material from potentially infectious airborne respiratory virus pathogens in a pediatric emergency department (PED) waiting room. METHODS: A cross-sectional study in the waiting room area of PED at Santo Antonio Children's Hospital, Porto Alegre, in southern Brazil. The room air samples were collected with a portable cyclone sampler (Coriolis®), twice a day (8 a.m. and 8 p.m.), during 5 consecutive weekdays, during two seasons, fall and spring (20 samples), in 2016. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to detect influenza A, influenza B, parainfluenza 2, parainfluenza 3, human metapneumovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, human adenovirus, human bocavirus, and Bordetella pertussis. The PED provides care to an average of 6000 patients per month and the age of patients ranges from 1 month to 17 years old. It is waiting area has 645 ft square. RESULTS: Genetic material from pathogens was detected in 12 out of 20 samples (60%). In 5 samples, more than one pathogen of respiratory virus was identified. Human adenovirus was the most frequent pathogen (n = 9/52%), followed by Bordetella pertussis (n = 4/24%), respiratory syncytial virus (n = 2/12%) and human bocavirus (n = 2/12%). Season and number of people in the waiting room were not associated with the presence of genetic material from pathogens. CONCLUSIONS: Genetic material from pathogens potentially associated with severe respiratory diseases was found in the room air of a pediatric ED waiting room.

Diarréia aguda: diagnóstico clínico e tratamento / Acute diarrhea: clinical diagnosis and treatment

A diarreia aguda, cujas causas são predominantemente infecciosas, é uma doença geralmente autolimitada. Seu manejo é relativamente simples, porém capaz de evitar desfechos graves, como a desnutrição e até a morte. Este artigo objetiva orientar o diagnóstico clínico e o tratamento da diarreia aguda na criança.

Acute diarrhea, whose causes are mostly infectious, is an usually self-limiting disease. Its management is relatively simple, able to avoid serious outcomes such as death and malnutrition. This chapter aims to guide clinical diagnosis and treatment of acute diarrhea in children.

Manejo das crises convulsivas na emergência pediátrica / Management of convulsive crises in the pediatric emergency

A importância das crises convulsivas na infância está na sua frequência e impacto psicossocial. O manejo na emergência tem como objetivo investigar sua etiologia e, se possível, tratá-la, prevenindo complicações e sequelas, além de encaminhar o paciente para acompanhamento ambulatorial quando necessário.

The importance of seizure crises in infancy relies in their frequency and psychosocial impact. The management in emergency aims at investigating their etiology and, if possible, treating them and preventing complications and sequelae, as well as referring the patient to outpatient follow-up when needed.