Scrapie e seu diagnóstico diferencial em ovinos no Mato Grosso do Sul / Scrapie and differential diagnosis in sheep in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Scrapie é uma doença infecciosa, neurodegenerativa fatal, causada pelo príon scrapie (PrPsc). Apresenta-se tanto na forma clássica em ovinos e caprinos geneticamente susceptíveis quanto na forma atípica em ovinos. A primeira notificação oficial do Brasil à Organização Mundial de Saúde Animal (OIE), um caso da forma clássica diagnosticado no Rio Grande do Sul ocorreu em 1985, mas a doença já havia sido diagnosticada no mesmo Estado em 1978. Este trabalho objetivou descrever dois surtos de Scrapie em ovinos em Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Brasil e investigar, por meio de imuno-histoquímica (IHQ) a presença de PrPsc no Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC) de ovinos examinados entre 2003 e 2010. Na primeira parte observaram-se dois ovinos com sinais clínicos típicos de scrapie, detalhando-se os sinais neurológicos, dados epidemiológicos, histopatológicos e amostras teciduais em duplicata desses ovinos foram encaminhadas para realização de diagnóstico de Raiva e para diagnóstico IHQ para príon. Na segunda parte realizou-se levantamento de laudos de necropsia e diagnósticos histopatológicos de ovinos, no período de maio de 2003 a março de 2010. Amostras de sistema nervoso central de 51 casos foram selecionados, incluindo os dois já com diagnóstico de Scrapie mencionados acima; os tecido de todos esses ovinos foram submetidos à IHQ para detecção de proteína priônica. Os 49 ovinos avaliados apresentaram resultado negativo na IHQ para príon.

Scrapie is a fatal neurodegenerative infectious disease, caused by the scrapie prion (PrPsc), that can both in the as the classic form in genetically susceptible sheep and goats and in the atypical form in sheep. The first official notification of scrapie from Brazil was made to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) in 1985, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, although the disease was first documented in this Brazilian state in 1978. The objective this paper was to describe two outbreaks of scrapie in sheep from Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Brazil, and to investigate by immunohistochemistry (IHC) the presence of PrPsc in samples from the CNS of sheep examined during 2003 and 2010. The study was conducted in two stages; the first was the observation of two sheep with typical clinical signs of scrapie that underwent clinical examination with emphasis on neurological parameters, epidemiological data collection, necropsy and collection of samples in duplicate forwarded to the diagnosis of rabies, and for the IHC diagnosis of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies. In the second part of the study, a survey was made the necropsy reviewing gross findings and histopathological diagnoses in sheep from May 2003 to March 2010. Samples of the central nervous system of fifty-one cases, including the two sheep mentioned above were subjected to IHC for detection of prion protein. The other 49 sheep, although displaying neurological-disease which should be included as scrapie differential diagnosis, had their tissues submitted to IHC resulting negative.

Mortalidade de bovinos zebuínos por hipotermia em Mato Grosso do Sul / Mortality of zebu cattle by hypothermia in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo descrever a ocorrência periódica de mortalidade de bovinos por hipotermia após inversão térmica no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. São relatados 16 surtos encaminhados ao Laboratório de Patologia Animal da FAMEZ/UFMS, ocorridos de agosto de 2000 a julho de 2010, em 13 municípios do Estado. O diagnóstico de hipotermia baseou-se na ocorrência de mortes após queda brusca de temperatura acompanhada de chuvas e ventos, simultaneamente em diversas propriedades, nos sinais clínicos observados e na ausência de lesões macro e microscópicas significativas. Em todos os surtos houve uma queda brusca de temperatura, de até 29ºC, em intervalos de um a quatro dias associada a chuva e vento. Na maioria das vezes a morte dos bovinos ocorreu em locais onde havia escassez de pasto e ausência de abrigos naturais ou artificiais. Os bovinos afetados estavam magros, com baixo escore corporal, e, em grande parte dos casos, eram encontrados mortos nos cantos das invernadas e próximos a cercas no dia seguinte à queda brusca da temperatura. Foram afetados bovinos de diferentes idades. Os sinais clínicos se caracterizavam por cegueira, incoordenação, dismetria, fraqueza, decúbito esternal, movimentos de pedalagem, opistótono, tremores musculares, e dificuldade respiratória e morte. Em 30 bovinos necropsiados os principais achados macroscópicos foram edema subcutâneo, cavitário e pulmonar, e, em alguns casos, histologicamente havia eosinofilia neuronal. A hipotermia é uma importante causa de mortalidade quando bovinos com pobre estado nutricional, pouca disponibilidade e qualidade dos pastos e ausência de abrigos naturais, são submetidos a uma condição de mudança climática com queda brusca de temperatura combinada com ventos fortes e chuvas.

This study describes the periodic mortality of cattle due to hypothermia after thermal inversion in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Sixteen outbreaks, reported to the Laboratory of Animal Pathology FAMEZ/UFMS, occurred from August 2000 to July 2010 in 13 municipalities of the state. The diagnosis of hypothermia was based on the occurrence of deaths after a sudden decrease in temperature accompanied by rain and wind in several farms simultaneously, on clinical signs and on the absence of significant macroscopic and microscopic lesions. In all outbreaks was a sudden fall of temperature up to29°C at intervals of one to four days together with rain and wind. Most deaths occurred in places with scarce pasture and lack of natural or artificial shelters. The affected cattle were lean, with low body score, and in most cases on the morning following sudden fall in temperature, they were found dead in the corners of wintering and near the fences. Cattle of different ages were affected. Clinical signs were characterized by apparent blindness, incoordination, dysmetria, weakness, sternal recumbency, paddling, opisthotonus, muscle tremors, difficulty in breathing and death. In 30 necropsied animals the main macroscopic findings were subcutaneous, cavity and pulmonary edema. Histologically in some cases neuronal eosinophilia was observed. Hypothermia is an important cause of mortality when cattle, not acclimated, with poor nutritional status, low availability and quality of pasture, and lack of natural shelter, are subjected to climate change with sudden fall in temperature combined with high winds and rain.

Lead poisoning in cattle grazing pasture contaminated by industrial waste.

Lead poisoning is described in a herd of 120 Nelore cows of which 35 were affected. All affected cows died after a clinical course of 2-7 d with clinical signs related to cortical neurological disturbances. The source of Pb was fumes from a car battery recycling plant which has had a failure in its filtering system. Lead concentrations in liver and kidneys of 2 cows, in soil; and in grass where the cows were held were respectively 39 to 431 ppm, 147 to 431 ppm, and 245 ppm. No significant gross changes were observed. Histopathology revealed of neuronal necrosis, vacuolation of the neuropil and hypertrophy of the vascular endothelium in the cerebral cortices, degeneration of the epithelial cells of renal proximal tubules, and hemosiderosis of kidney, spleen and liver.