Pichia kurtzmaniana f.a. sp. nov., with the transfer of eight Candida species to Pichia.

Three yeast strains belonging to the ascomycetous yeast genus Pichia were isolated from two soil samples from Yunnan and Guizhou provinces and a marine water sample from Liaoning province, PR China. Phylogenetic analyses based on the sequences of the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit(LSU) rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region indicate that these three strains, together with 12 additional strains isolated from various substrates collected in different regions or countries of the world, represent a novel species of the genus Pichia, for which the name Pichia kurtzmaniana sp. nov. (holotype: strain CGMCC 2.7213) is proposed. The novel species differs from its close relatives Candida californica by eight (1.5 %) and 26 (11.1 %) mismatches in the D1/D2 domains and the ITS region, respectively; and from Pichia chibodasensis by 11 (2.1 %) and 20 (8.7 %) mismatches in the D1/D2 domains and the ITS region, respectively. In addition, eight Candida species which belong to the Pichia clade are transferred to the genus Pichia, resulting in the proposal of the following new combinations: Pichia cabralensis comb. nov., Pichia californica comb. nov., Pichia ethanolica comb. nov., Pichia inconspicua comb. nov., Pichia phayaonensis comb. nov., Pichia pseudolambica comb. nov., Pichia rugopelliculosa comb. nov., and Pichia thaimueangensis comb. nov.

Saturnispora sinensis sp. nov., a new ascomycetous yeast species from soil and rotten wood.

A yeast strain (CGMCC 2.6937T) belonging to the ascomycetous yeast genus Saturnispora was recently isolated from soil collected in Xinghuacun, Shanxi Province, PR China. The strain produces one or two ellipsoid or spherical ascospores in asci formed by the conjugation between a cell and its bud. Phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit rRNA gene suggest that this strain is conspecific with strains NYNU 14639 isolated from rotten wood collected in Funiu Mountain, Henan province and ES13S05 from soil collected in Nantou County, Taiwan. The CGMCC 2.6937T group is most closely related to Saturnispora dispora and Saturnispora zaruensis. However, strain CGMCC 2.6937T differs from S. dispora by 17 (3.2 %, 13 substitutions and four gaps) and 77 (18.8 %, 52 substitutions and 25 gaps) mismatches, and from S. zaruensis by 15 (2.9 %, 12 substitutions and three gaps) and 64 (15.6 %, 44 substitutions and 20 gaps) mismatches, in the D1/D2 domain and ITS region, respectively. The results suggest that the CGMCC 2.6937T group represents an undescribed species in the genus Saturnispora, for which the name Saturnispora sinensis sp. nov. is proposed. The holotype strain is CGMCC 2.6937T.

Vishniacozyma pseudocarnescens sp. nov., a new anamorphic tremellomycetous yeast species.

Three strains belonging to the basidiomycetous yeast genus Vishniacozyma were isolated from marine water samples collected from intertidal zones in Liaoning province, northeast China. Phylogenetic analyses based on the sequences of the small subunit (SSU) ribosomal DNA (rDNA), the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit (LSU) ribosomal DNA (rDNA), the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), the two subunits of DNA polymerase II (RPB1 and RPB2), the translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1), and the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b (CYTB) showed that these strains together with 20 strains from various geographic and ecological origins from other regions of the world represent a novel species in the genus Vishniacozyma. We propose the name Vishniacozyma pseudocarnescens sp. nov. (holotype CGMCC 2.6457) for the new species, which differs phenotypically from its close relatives V. carnescens, V. tephrensis, and V. victoriae by its ability to grow at 30 °C and on 50 % (w/v) glucose-yeast extract agar.

Clinical study of using basement membrane biological products in pelvic floor reconstruction during pelvic exenteration / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the value of reconstruction of pelvic floor with biological products to prevent and treat empty pelvic syndrome after pelvic exenteration (PE) for locally advanced or recurrent rectal cancer. Methods: This was a descriptive study of data of 56 patients with locally advanced or locally recurrent rectal cancer without or with limited extra-pelvic metastases who had undergone PE and pelvic floor reconstruction using basement membrane biologic products to separate the abdominal and pelvic cavities in the Department of Anorectal Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Military Medical University from November 2021 to May 2022. The extent of surgery was divided into two categories: mainly inside the pelvis (41 patients) and including pelvic wall resection (15 patients). In all procedures, basement membrane biologic products were used to reconstruct the pelvic floor and separate the abdominal and pelvic cavities. The procedures included a transperitoneal approach, in which biologic products were used to cover the retroperitoneal defect and the pelvic entrance from the Treitz ligament to the sacral promontory and sutured to the lateral peritoneum, the peritoneal margin of the retained organs in the anterior pelvis, or the pubic arch and pubic symphysis; and a sacrococcygeal approach in which biologic products were used to reconstruct the defect in the pelvic muscle-sacral plane. Variables assessed included patients' baseline information (including sex, age, history of preoperative radiotherapy, recurrence or primary, and extra-pelvic metastases), surgery-related variables (including extent of organ resection, operative time, intraoperative bleeding, and tissue restoration), post-operative recovery (time to recovery of bowel function and time to recovery from empty pelvic syndrome), complications, and findings on follow-up. Postoperative complications were graded using the Clavien-Dindo classification. Results: The median age of the 41 patients whose surgery was mainly inside the pelvis was 57 (31-82) years. The patients comprised 25 men and 16 women. Of these 41 patients, 23 had locally advanced disease and 18 had locally recurrent disease; 32 had a history of chemotherapy/immunotherapy/targeted therapy and 24 of radiation therapy. Among these patients, the median operative time, median intraoperative bleeding, median time to recovery of bowel function, and median time to resolution of empty pelvic syndrome were 440 (240-1020) minutes, 650 (200-4000) ml, 3 (1-9) days, and 14 (5-105) days, respectively. As for postoperative complications, 37 patients had Clavien-Dindo < grade III and four had ≥ grade III complications. One patient died of multiple organ failure 7 days after surgery, two underwent second surgeries because of massive bleeding from their pelvic floor wounds, and one was successfully resuscitated from respiratory failure. In contrast, the median age of the 15 patients whose procedure included combined pelvic and pelvic wall resection was 61 (43-76) years, they comprised eight men and seven women, four had locally advanced disease and 11 had locally recurrent disease. All had a history of chemotherapy/ immunotherapy and 13 had a history of radiation therapy. The median operative time, median intraoperative bleeding, median time to recovery of bowel function, and median time to relief of empty pelvic syndrome were 600 (360-960) minutes, 1600 (400-4000) ml, 3 (2-7) days, and 68 (7-120) days, respectively, in this subgroup of patients. Twelve of these patients had Clavien-Dindo < grade III and three had ≥ grade III postoperative complications. Follow-up was until 31 October 2022 or death; the median follow-up time was 9 (5-12) months. One patient in this group died 3 months after surgery because of rapid tumor progression. The remaining 54 patients have survived to date and no local recurrences have been detected at the surgical site. Conclusion: The use of basement membrane biologic products for pelvic floor reconstruction and separation of the abdominal and pelvic cavities during PE for locally advanced or recurrent rectal cancer is safe, effective, and feasible. It improves the perioperative safety of PE and warrants more implementation.

Long-term outcome of 48 unoperated adult patients with Ebstein's anomaly / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To analyze the long-term outcome of unoperated Ebstein's anomaly (EA) patients aged over 18 years, and to evaluate the related factor of outcomes. Methods: The data of 48 unoperated EA patients from March 2004 to December 2008 in the First Hospital of Tsinghua University, were analyzed. The clinical data of the patients were collected, and patients received regular echocardiography, ECG and chest X-ray examinations. Septal leaflet attachment ratio (SLAr) was calculated based on transthoracic echocardiography imagines. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to SLAr: SLAr<0.45 (n=18), 0.45≤SLAr≤0.60 (n=21) and SLAr>0.60 (n=9). Chest X-ray was used for measurement of cardiothoracic ratio (CTR). Kaplan Meier survival curve was used to calculate the long-term survival rate. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of death. Results: There were 19 males, and the mean age at diagnosis was (21.3±11.1) years. Forty-two patients (87.5%) were complicated with arrhythmia, including W-P-W syndrome (n=4), supraventricular tachycardia (n=16), right bundle branch block (n=37), and atrial fibrillation (n=2). The mean duration of follow-up was (148.8±16.8) months, the follow-up rate was 100% with no loss-to-follow up. Nine cases (18.8%) died during follow-up: 6 cases (12.5%) died of cardiac origin, including 3 cases of heart failure, 1 case of arrhythmia, and 2 cases of sudden death; 1 case died of accident; 2 cases died from unknown causes. During the follow-up period, the survival rates were 17/18, 19/21 (90.5%) and 3/9 in the SLAr<0.45, 0.45≤SLAr≤0.60 and SLAr>0.60 group, respectively. According to Kaplan-Meier survival curve, the 5-year survival rates among the three groups were 100%, 100% and 78%, respectively. The 10-year survival rates among the three groups were 94%, 95% and 44%, respectively. Decreased activity tolerance and heart failure were found in 7 patients (6 patients in SLAr>0.60 group and 1 patient in 0.45≤SLAr≤0.60 group). Two patients had cerebrovascular embolism. There were 3 cases with tachyarrhythmia lasting more than 24 hours. Cox regression analysis showed that the risk of death was higher in patients with SLAr>0.60 than in patients with SLAr<0.45 (HR=12.375, 95%CI 1.692-22.146, P=0.015); the risk of death in patients with CTR≥0.65 was 1.306 times higher than that in patients with CTR<0.65 (HR=1.306, 95%CI 0.417-12.754, P=0.038). Conclusions: EA patients often combines with arrhythmia. For unoperated EA patients, SLAr>0.60 and CTR≥0.65 are risk factors of death. EA patients with arrhythmia should be actively treated with drugs or radiofrequency ablation.

Efficacy of Shangbai ointment in alleviating pain in patients with acute ankle joint lateral collateral ligament injury: a randomized controlled trial / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of Shangbai ointment in relieving pain in patients with acute ankle joint lateral collateral ligament injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty patients with unilateral ankle injury were randomized into Shangbai ointment treatment group and control group (n=25). The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain scores, ankle joint circumference, Kofoed score and self-rated lower limb function were recorded before and at 3, 7, and 14 days after the treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The baseline data were comparable between the two groups. The VAS pain score and swelling elimination in the treatment group were better than those in the control group at 3, 7, and 14 days after treatment; the Kofoed ankle score was higher in the treatment group than in the control group at 7 and 14 days after treatment. The patients in the treatment also reported better self-rated lower limb function than those in the control group at 7 and 14 days after the treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Shangbai ointment treatment can rapidly relieve pain in patients with acute ankle joint lateral collateral ligament injury and improve the functional scores of the joint.</p>

Characteristics of medical support for modern naval warfare / 第二军医大学学报

Understanding the characteristics of medical support in naval warfare is the premise to determine the principles, requirements and measures of medical support and it is the foundation for organizing and implementing medical support in naval warfare. In this paper, using literature survey and research analysis we summarized the characteristics of medical support in modern naval warfare according to the types of naval warfare, input of army forces, weapons and equipment, war environment and so on. Finally we put forward six characteristics of modern naval warfare from the following perspectives: target, scope, wounding, rescue of the wounded, organizing and commanding, drug supply, and safety of medical support, hoping to provide reference for decision-making for military, logistics and health department.

Advances of transforming growth factor-β inhibitors / 药学学报

Transforming growth factor-β is an important cytokine with various bioactivities, including embryonic development, wound healing, chemotaxis and cell cycle regulation. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the main pathway of tumor cell to obtain the ability of invasion and metastasis. The TGF-β is the key factor known to induce EMT in cancer cells and plays an important role in the process. In recent years, some progress has been obtained. Some TGF-β inhibitors have approved in the market or in clinical trials. TGF-β inhibitors can play an important role on the treatment of tumors, glaucoma, liver and kidney fibrosis disease and scar repair. Novel TGF-β inhibitors reported in recent years were reviewed in this article.

High-density lipoprotein associated factors apoA-I and serum amyloid A in Chinese non-diabetic patients with coronary heart disease / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are a strong, independent inverse predictor of coronary heart disease (CHD). In this cross-sectional study we investigated the interrelationships between HDL-C and HDL related factors apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and serum amyloid A (SAA) and the presence and extent of CHD in a population of Chinese patients with CHD.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two hundred and twenty-four consecutive patients took part in this study. Demographic data were obtained from hospital records. Serum chemical concentrations were measured by standard laboratory methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The concentrations of high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) (median: 1.85 mg/L) and SAA (median: 9.40 mg/L) were significantly higher in the CHD group (P < 0.05), while concentrations of HDL-C ((1.03 +/- 0.25) mmol/L) and apoA-I ((604.59 +/- 105.79) mmol/L) were significantly lower than those in the non-CHD group (P < 0.05). The concentrations of apoA-I decreased with the increase in vascular damage, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. However, the concentrations of hsCRP and SAA increased with the increase in vascular damage. The unadjusted odd ratios (ORs) (CI) for apoA-I and SAA of the presence of CHD were 0.093 (0.990 - 0.997) (P = 0.00) and 2.571 (1.029 - 6.424) (P < 0.05), respectively. The association between elevated SAA and the presence of CHD was lost after adjusting for lipid status parameter concentrations. The associations between apoA-I, SAA and the extent of CHD remained strong, regardless of confounding variables.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Increased concentrations of SAA represent the inflammatory marker of the extent of coronary stenosis in patients with CHD. In contrast to SAA, the level of apoA-I was also associated with the presence of CHD, indicating that apoA-I was not only a marker of CHD presence but also a quantitative indicator of CHD extent. In short, determining the change apolipoprotein content within HDL particle is a more accurate and effective method to evaluate the impact of HDL on CHD.</p>

Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene I/D genotype affected metoprolol-induced reduction in 24-hour average heart rate / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Genetic factors can influence antihypertensive response to metoprolol, and many studies focused on the relationship between the genotype in beta1-adrenergic receptor and blood pressure (BP), little was known about the association of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) genotype with the therapeutic result of metoprolol. The present study aimed to investigate whether the ACE gene insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism is related to the response to metoprolol in Chinese Han hypertensive patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety-six patients with essential hypertension received metoprolol (100 mg once daily) as monotherapy for 8 weeks. Twenty-four hours ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and dynamic electrocardiogram were performed before and after treatment. Genotyping analysis was performed using PCR. The association of the ACE gene I/D polymorphism with variations in BP and heart rate (HR) was observed after the 8-week treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The patients with ACE gene II polymorphism showed greater reduction in 24-hour average HR than those with ID or DD polymorphisms (P = 0.045), no effect of this genotype on the reduction in seating HR or in BP was observed. After adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, BP and HR at baseline, the ACE gene I/D polymorphism was still an independent predictor for variations in 24-hour average HR.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The II polymorphism in ACE gene could be a candidate predictor for greater reduction in 24-hour average HR in Chinese Han hypertensive patients treated by metoprolol. Greater benefits would be obtained by patients with II polymorphism from the treatment with metoprolol. Larger studies are warranted to validate this finding.</p>

VKORC1 genotypes are associated with response to warfarin but free warfarin concentration during initial anticoagulation in healthy Chinese volunteers / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The genetic variations in VKORC1 modulate the stable responses to warfarin administration. But the role of VKORC1 polymorphisms during the initial anticoagulation and elimination period in the Han Chinese population is not clear.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-four healthy Chinese volunteers were grouped according to their VKORC1 genotype. Twelve subjects were in the 3 mg group and 12 in the 6 mg group. VKORC1 genotypes were determined by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay and sequencing. The international normalized ratio (INR) was measured with an ACL9000 coagulation analyser. Plasma free warfarin concentration was measured with LC/MS/MS.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the initial anticoagulation period, the -1639AG and 1173TC carriers compared with the -1639AA and 1173TT carriers had a low INR value. The differences between genotypes with regard to INR values were more obvious in the 3 mg subjects (P < 0.05), and were not significantly different among the 6 mg subjects (P > 0.05). On the contrary, no significant difference of plasma free warfarin concentration between genotypes was observed in each dosage group. It took 96 hours for the INR value and 144 hours for the free warfarin plasma concentration to come back to baselines after the last dose. No significant difference among genotypes and dosing groups was detected in the elimination phase (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>VKORC1 polymorphisms are associated with differences in the initial response to warfarin when given at fixed doses, without affecting, as expected, its plasma concentration.</p>