Olfactory regulation by dopamine and DRD2 receptor in the nose.

SignificanceDespite the identification of neural circuits and circulating hormones in olfactory regulation, the peripheral targets for olfactory modulation remain relatively unexplored. Here we show that dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) is expressed in the cilia and somata of mature olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), while nasal dopamine (DA) is mainly released from the sympathetic nerve terminals, which innervate the mouse olfactory mucosa (OM). We further demonstrate that DA-DRD2 signaling in the nose plays important roles in regulating olfactory function using genetic and pharmacological approaches. Moreover, the local DA synthesis in mouse OM is reduced during hunger, which contributes to starvation-induced olfactory enhancement. Altogether, we demonstrate that nasal DA and DRD2 receptor can serve as the potential peripheral targets for olfactory modulation.

Adolescent administration of ketamine impairs excitatory synapse formation onto parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons in mouse prefrontal cortex.

Ketamine, an N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, induces deficits in cognition and information processing following chronic abuse. Adolescent ketamine misuse represents a significant global public health issue; however, the neurodevelopmental mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain largely elusive. This study investigated the long-term effects of sub-chronic ketamine (Ket) administration on the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and associated behaviors. In this study, Ket administration during early adolescence displayed a reduced density of excitatory synapses on parvalbumin (PV) neurons persisting into adulthood. However, the synaptic development of excitatory pyramidal neurons was not affected by ketamine administration. Furthermore, the adult Ket group exhibited hyperexcitability and impaired socialization and working memory compared to the saline (Sal) administration group. These results strongly suggest that sub-chronic ketamine administration during adolescence results in functional deficits that persist into adulthood. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that the gene co-expression module1 (M1) decreased expression after ketamine exposure, which is crucial for synapse development in inhibitory neurons during adolescence. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that sub-chronic ketamine administration irreversibly impairs synaptic development, offering insights into potential new therapeutic strategies.

Crosstalk Between Autophagy and Inflammation in Chronic Cerebral Ischaemia.

Chronic cerebral ischaemia (CCI) is a high-incidence cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease that is very common in clinical practice. Although many pathogenic mechanisms have been explored, there is still great controversy among neuroscientists regarding the pathogenesis of CCI. Therefore, it is important to elucidate the mechanisms of CCI occurrence and progression for the prevention and treatment of ischaemic cerebrovascular disorders. Autophagy and inflammation play vital roles in CCI, but the relationship between these two processes in this disease remains unknown. Here, we review the progression and discuss the functions, actions and pathways of autophagy and inflammation in CCI, including a comprehensive view of the transition from acute disease to CCI through ischaemic repair mechanisms. This review may provide a reference for future research and treatment of CCI. Schematic diagram of the interplay between autophagy and inflammation in CCI. CCI lead to serious, life-threatening complications. This review summarizes two factors in CCI, including autophagy and inflammation, which have been focused for the mechanisms of CCI. In short, the possible points of intersection are shown in the illustration. CCI, Chronic cerebral ischaemia; ER stress, Endoplasmic reticulum stress; ROS, Reactive oxygen species.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of N-arylated-lactam-type iminosugars as potential immunosuppressive agents.

Since the immunosuppressive agents currently used in clinics have significant side effects, it is very important to search for new effective and safe immunosuppressants. Iminosugars as a new class of immunosuppressants are less explored. In this report, 24 new N-arylated iminosugar derivatives, including d-talo and d-galacto epimers, were designed and synthesized, and their immunosuppressive effects were evaluated by MTT assay. The experimental data demonstrated that compound 20 showed the strongest inhibition effect (IC50 = 6.94 µM). Further studies revealed that the inhibitory effects on splenocyte proliferation may come from the suppression of both IFN-γ and IL-4 cytokines. The preliminary structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis suggested that N-arylated d-galacto-type iminosugars showed better inhibitory activities than d-talo-type analogues. The SAR analysis also showed that the inhibition effect of iminosugars can be improved by decreasing the polarity or increasing the hydrophobicity. These results may be beneficial to the discovery of new iminosugar derivatives as immunosuppressive agents.

MicroRNA-873 (miRNA-873) inhibits glioblastoma tumorigenesis and metastasis by suppressing the expression of IGF2BP1.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is known as a highly malignant brain tumor with a poor prognosis, despite intensive research and clinical efforts. In this study, we observed that microRNA-873 (miR-873) was expressed at low levels in GBM and that the overexpression of miR-873 dramatically reduced the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of GBM cells. Our further investigations of the inhibition mechanism indicated that miR-873 negatively affected the carcinogenesis and metastasis of GBM by down-regulating the expression of IGF2BP1, which stabilizes the mRNA transcripts of its target genes. These results demonstrate that miR-873 may constitute a potential target for GBM therapy.

Mechanisms of an increased level of serum iron in gamma-irradiated mice.

The potential mechanisms underlying the increase in serum iron concentration in gamma-irradiated mice were studied. The gamma irradiation dose used was 4 Gy, and cobalt-60 ((60)Co) source was used for the irradiation. The dose rate was 0.25 Gy/min. In the serum of irradiated mice, the concentration of ferrous ions decreased, whereas the serum iron concentration increased. The concentration of ferrous ions in irradiated mice returned to normal at 21 day post-exposure. The concentration of reactive oxygen species in irradiated mice increased immediately following irradiation but returned to normal at 7 day post-exposure. Serum iron concentration in gamma-irradiated mice that were pretreated with reduced glutathione was significant lower (p < 0.01) than that in mice exposed to gamma radiation only. However, the serum iron concentration was still higher than that in normal mice (p < 0.01). This change was biphasic, characterized by a maximal decrease phase occurring immediately after gamma irradiation (relative to the irradiated mice) and a recovery plateau observed during the 7th and 21st day post-irradiation, but serum iron recovery was still less than that in the gamma-irradiated mice (4 Gy). In gamma-irradiated mice, ceruloplasmin activity increased and serum copper concentration decreased immediately after irradiation, and both of them were constant during the 7th and 21st day post-irradiation. It was concluded that ferrous ions in irradiated mice were oxidized to ferric ions by ionizing radiation. Free radicals induced by gamma radiation and ceruloplasmin mutually participated in this oxidation process. The ferroxidase effect of ceruloplasmin was achieved by transfer of electrons from ferrous ions to cupric ions.

Gold-catalyzed direct hydrogenative coupling of nitroarenes to synthesize aromatic azo compounds.

The azo linkage is a prominent chemical motif which has found numerous applications in materials science, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals. Described herein is a sustainable heterogeneous-gold-catalyzed synthesis of azo arenes. Available nitroarenes are deoxygenated and linked selectively by the formation of N=N bonds using molecular H2 without any external additives. As a result of a unique and remarkable synergy between the metal and support, a facile surface-mediated condensation of nitroso and hydroxylamine intermediates is enabled, and the desired transformation proceeds in a highly selective manner under mild reaction conditions. The protocol tolerates a large variety of functional groups and offers a general and versatile method for the environmentally friendly synthesis of symmetric or asymmetric aromatic azo compounds.

The current landscape of the antimicrobial peptide melittin and its therapeutic potential.

Melittin, a main component of bee venom, is a cationic amphiphilic peptide with a linear α-helix structure. It has been reported that melittin can exert pharmacological effects, such as antitumor, antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo. In particular, melittin may be beneficial for the treatment of diseases for which no specific clinical therapeutic agents exist. Melittin can effectively enhance the therapeutic properties of some first-line drugs. Elucidating the mechanism underlying melittin-mediated biological function can provide valuable insights for the application of melittin in disease intervention. However, in melittin, the positively charged amino acids enables it to directly punching holes in cell membranes. The hemolysis in red cells and the cytotoxicity triggered by melittin limit its applications. Melittin-based nanomodification, immuno-conjugation, structural regulation and gene technology strategies have been demonstrated to enhance the specificity, reduce the cytotoxicity and limit the off-target cytolysis of melittin, which suggests the potential of melittin to be used clinically. This article summarizes research progress on antiviral, antitumor and anti-inflammatory properties of melittin, and discusses the strategies of melittin-modification for its future potential clinical applications in preventing drug resistance, enhancing the selectivity to target cells and alleviating cytotoxic effects to normal cells.

USP7 as an emerging therapeutic target: A key regulator of protein homeostasis.

Maintaining protein balance within a cell is essential for proper cellular function, and disruptions in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, which is responsible for degrading and recycling unnecessary or damaged proteins, can lead to various diseases. Deubiquitinating enzymes play a vital role in regulating protein homeostasis by removing ubiquitin chains from substrate proteins, thereby controlling important cellular processes, such as apoptosis and DNA repair. Among these enzymes, ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7) is of particular interest. USP7 is a cysteine protease consisting of a TRAF region, catalytic region, and C-terminal ubiquitin-like (UBL) region, and it interacts with tumor suppressors, transcription factors, and other key proteins involved in cell cycle regulation and epigenetic control. Moreover, USP7 has been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of various diseases, including cancer, inflammation, neurodegenerative conditions, and viral infections. Overall, characterizing the functions of USP7 is crucial for understanding the pathophysiology of diverse diseases and devising innovative therapeutic strategies. This article reviews the structure and function of USP7 and its complexes, its association with diseases, and its known inhibitors and thus represents a valuable resource for advancing USP7 inhibitor development and promoting potential future treatment options for a wide range of diseases.

Curriculum vitae of HDAC6 in solid tumors.

Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is the only member of the HDAC family that resides primarily in the cytoplasm with two catalytic domains and a ubiquitin-binding domain. HDAC6 is highly expressed in various solid tumors and participates in a wide range of biological activities, including hormone receptors, the p53 signaling pathway, and the kinase cascade signaling pathway due to its unique structural foundation and abundant substrate types. Additionally, HDAC6 can function as an oncogenic factor in solid tumors, boosting tumor cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis, drug resistance, stemness, and lowering tumor cell immunogenicity, so assisting in carcinogenesis. Pan-HDAC inhibitors for cancer prevention are associated with potential cardiotoxicity in clinical investigations. It's interesting that HDAC6 silencing didn't cause any significant harm to normal cells. Currently, the use of HDAC6 specific inhibitors, individually or in combination, is among the most promising therapies in solid tumors. This review's objective is to give a general overview of the structure, biological functions, and mechanism of HDAC6 in solid tumor cells and in the immunological milieu and discuss the preclinical and clinical trials of selective HDAC6 inhibitors. These endeavors highlight that targeting HDAC6 could effectively kill tumor cells and enhance patients' immunity during solid tumor therapy.

[Association of Next Generation Sequencing Based Genotypic Profiling with MICM Characteristics in NPM1 Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia].

OBJECTIVE: To explain the clinicobiological heterogeneity of NPM1 mutated (NPM1mut) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by analyzing the association between next-generation sequencing (NGS) profiles and MICM characteristics in patients with this AML subtype. METHODS: Data of 238 NPM1mut patients with available NGS information on 112 genes related to blood disease was collected, and χ2 test and nonparametric test were used to analyze the distribution association between NGS-detecting mutations and conventional MICM parameters. RESULTS: In entire NPM1mut cohort, totaling 240 NPM1 mutation events were identified, of whom 10 (10/240, 4.2%) were missense mutations, which did not involve any W288 or W290 locus and were found exclusively in NPM1mut/FLT3-ITD- group. All but one of these missense mutations (9/10, 90%) were accompanied by AML subtype-defining recurrent cytogenetic or molecular abnormalities, of which 7 cases were in the low risk and 2 in the high risk. NPM1mut occurred solely as an insertion/deletion (indel) type in the NPM1mut/FLT3-ITD+ group. The incidence of favorable plus unfavorable karyotypes in NPM1mut/FLT3-ITD- group was higher than in NPM1mut/FLT3-ITD+ group (6.4% vs. 0, P=0.031). The positive rates of CD34 and CD7 in NPM1mut/FLT3-ITD+ group were significantly higher than in NPM1mut/FLT3-ITD- group (CD34: 47.9% vs. 20.6%, P<0.001; CD7: 61.5% vs. 29.9%, P<0.001). Logistic analysis showed that FLT3-ITD independently predicted for CD34+ and CD7+ [odds ratio (OR)=5.29, 95%CI: 2.64-10.60, P<0.001; OR=3.47, 95%CI: 1.79-6.73, P<0.001; respectively]. Ras-pathway mutations independently predicted for HLA-DR+ (OR=4.05, 95%CI: 1.70-9.63, P=0.002), and KRAS mutation for MPO- (OR=0.18, 95%CI: 0.05-0.62, P=0.007). TET2/IDH1 mutations independently predicted for CD34- and CD7- (OR=0.26, 95%CI: 0.11-0.62, P=0.002; OR=0.30, 95%CI: 0.14-0.62, P=0.001; respectively), and MPO+ (OR=3.52, 95%CI: 1.48-8.38, P=0.004). DNMT3A-R882 independently predicted for CD7+ and HLA-DR+ (OR=3.59, 95%CI: 1.80-7.16, P<0.001; OR=13.41, 95%CI: 4.56-39.45, P<0.001; respectively), and DNMT3A mutation for MPO-(OR=0.35, 95%CI: 1.48-8.38, P=0.004). CONCLUSION: Co-existing FLT3-ITD in NPM1mut AML independently predicts for CD34+ and CD7+, co-existing Ras-pathway mutation for HLA-DR+ and MPO-, co-existing TET2/IDH1 mutation for CD34-, CD7-, and MPO+, and co-existing DNMT3A mutation for HLA-DR+, CD7+, and MPO-, thereby providing a new mechanism explanation for the immunophenotypic heterogeneity of these AML patients.

Comparative Efficacy and Safety of 11 Drugs as Therapies for Adults With Neuropathic Pain After Spinal Cord Injury: A Bayesian Network Analysis Based on 20 Randomized Controlled Trials.

Objective: To provide an updated analysis of the efficacy and safety of drugs for the management of neuropathic pain (NP) after spinal cord injury (SCI) based on Bayesian network analysis. Methods: A Bayesian network meta-analysis of literature searches within PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science databases from their inception to February 21 2021 was conducted without language restrictions. Paired and network meta-analyses of random effects were used to estimate the total standardized mean deviations (SMDs) and odds ratios (ORs). Results: A total of 1,133 citations were identified and 20 RCTs (including 1,198 patients) involving 11 drugs and placebos for post-SCI NP selected. The 5 outcomes from all 11 drugs and placebos had no inconsistencies after Bayesian network analysis. BTX-A gave the most effective pain relief for the 4 weeks, following a primary outcome. No significant differences were found among drugs with regard to adverse events of the primary outcome. Gabapentin, BTX-A, and pregabalin were found to be the most helpful in relieving secondary outcomes of mental or sleep-related symptoms with differences in SMDs, ranging from -0.63 to -0.86. Tramadol triggered more serious adverse events than any of the other drugs with differences in ORs ranging from 0.09 to 0.11. Conclusion: BTX-A, gabapentin, pregabalin, amitriptyline, ketamine, lamotrigine, and duloxetine were all effective for NP management following SCI. Lamotrigine and gabapentin caused fewer side effects and had better efficacy in relieving mental or sleep-related symptoms caused by SCI-related NP. Tramadol, levetiracetam, carbamazepine, and cannabinoids could not be recommended due to inferior safety or efficacy. Systematic Review Registration: [https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2020-7-0061/], identifier [INPLASY202070061].

Environment-friendly determination of low concentration azobenzene beta-cyclodextrin-modified electrode.

OBJECTIVE: To study environment-friendly determination of azobenzene in trace amounts using beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD)-modified Au electrode. METHODS: beta-CD-modified Au electrode was fabricated with a two-step approach, and then a gold electrode modified with beta-CD was used to detect azobenzene by employing Osteryoung square wave voltammetry. RESULTS: The modified electrode could detect azobenzene, showing a good linearity between the electrochemical current and concentration. CONCLUSION: Although the electrochemical current is related with concentration, the detection limit is around 1.0 x 10(-10) mol/L. This study may provide a new environment-friendly approach for monitoring water quality.

[Composite CVOCs Removal in a Combined System of Nonthermal Plasma and a Biotrickling Filter].

A coupling system of nonthermal plasma and a biotrickling filter was used to remove a gas mixture of chlorobenzene (CB) and dichloromethane (DCE). The effects of inlet gas concentration and gas flow rate on the removal of the target pollutants in the coupling system were investigated at the frequency of 10000 Hz and specific input energy (SIE) of 6111 J·L-1. Furthermore, the advantages of the plasma-bio-coupled system were revealed by analyzing the relationship between the degradation products and SIE, biomass, or biodiversity in the biotrickling filter. The results showed that when the SIE and gas flow rate were constant, increasing the initial concentration would decrease the removal efficiency of the mixed gas. The optimal appropriate gas flow rate was 0.71 L·min-1 when considering the cost. The CO2 production amount, CO2 selectivity, and chloride ion concentration increased with the increase of SIE when both the CB and DCE concentrations were 500 mg·m-3 and the gas flow rate was 0.71 L·min-1. The protein content of the biofilter column gradually increased as the reactor operation progressed, and the biomass of the lower layer was higher than that of the upper layer. The high-throughput sequencing analysis showed that the biological community in the biotrickling filter keeped rich and diversified.

The effects of combined selenium nanoparticles and radiation therapy on breast cancer cells in vitro.

Radiosensitizers that increase cancer cell radio-sensitivity can enhance the effectiveness of irradiation and minimize collateral damage. Nanomaterial has been employed in conjunction with radiotherapy as radiosensitizers, due to its unique physicochemical properties. In this article, we evaluated selenium nanoparticles (Nano-Se) as a new radiosensitizer. Nano-Se was used in conjunction with irradiation on MCF-7 breast cancer cells, and efficacy and mechanisms of this combined treatment approach were evaluated. Nano-Se reinforced the toxic effects of irradiation, leading to a higher mortality rate than either treatment used alone, inducing cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and the activation of autophagy, and increasing both endogenous and irradiation-induced reactive oxygen species formation. These results suggest that Nano-Se can be used as an adjuvant drug to improve cancer cell sensitivity to the toxic effects of irradiation and thereby reduce damage to normal tissue nearby.

Optimization of NO oxidation by H2O2 thermal decomposition at moderate temperatures.

H2O2 was adopted to oxidize NO in simulated flue gas at 100-500°C. The effects of the H2O2 evaporation conditions, gas temperature, initial NO concentration, H2O2 concentration, and H2O2:NO molar ratio on the oxidation efficiency of NO were investigated. The reason for the narrow NO oxidation temperature range near 500°C was determined. The NO oxidation products were analyzed. The removal of NOx using NaOH solution at a moderate oxidation ratio was studied. It was proven that rapid evaporation of the H2O2 solution was critical to increase the NO oxidation efficiency and broaden the oxidation temperature range. the NO oxidation efficiency was above 50% at 300-500°C by contacting the outlet of the syringe needle and the stainless-steel gas pipe together to spread H2O2 solution into a thin film on the surface of the stainless-steel gas pipe, which greatly accelerated the evaporation of H2O2. The NO oxidation efficiency and the NO oxidation rate increased with increasing initial NO concentration. This method was more effective for the oxidation of NO at high concentrations. H2O2 solution with a concentration higher than 15% was more efficient in oxidizing NO. High temperatures decreased the influence of the H2O2 concentration on the NO oxidation efficiency. The oxidation efficiency of NO increased with an increase in the H2O2:NO molar ratio, but the ratio of H2O2 to oxidized NO decreased. Over 80% of the NO oxidation product was NO2, which indicated that the oxidation ratio of NO did not need to be very high. An 86.7% NO removal efficiency was obtained at an oxidation ratio of only 53.8% when combined with alkali absorption.

A nomogram for predicting postoperative pulmonary infec-tion in gastric cancer patients / 中国现代普通外科进展

Objective:To identifying risk factors of postoperative pulmonary infection(POI)in gastric cancer(GC)patients as well as generating an effective nomogram for the POI.Methods:Pa-tients with gastric cancer after surgery from 1st January 2010 to 31st December 2020 were retro-spectively analysed.Their clinical and pathological data were collected.Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify risk factors for POI and to generate the nomogram prediction model.Predictive accuracy,discriminatory capability,and clinical usefulness were evaluated by cali-bration curves,concordance index(C-index),and decision curve analysis(DCA).Results:Multivari-ate regression analysis revealed that age,smoking,chronic respiratory diseases,laparoscopic surgery,intraoperative blood loss and lung function exercise compliance were independent prognos-tic factors for POI in GC patients.The nomogram had a Cindex of 0.878(95％CI:0.801～0.956).The calibration curves showed good consistency between actual and nomogram-predicted probabilities.The area under the curve(AUC)was 0.878,while the cutoff value was-2.088 with a sensitivity of 80.6％and a specifificity of 82.9％.DCA showed that the nomogram had better clinical usefulness.Conclusions:The present study provides a nomogram developed with perioperative features to predict the incidence of POI in GC patients.

Human Albumin Fragments Nanoparticles as PTX Carrier for Improved Anti-cancer Efficacy.

For enhanced anti-cancer performance, human serum albumin fragments (HSAFs) nanoparticles (NPs) were developed as paclitaxel (PTX) carrier in this paper. Human albumins were broken into fragments via degradation and crosslinked by genipin to form HSAF NPs for better biocompatibility, improved PTX drug loading and sustained drug release. Compared with crosslinked human serum albumin NPs, the HSAF-NPs showed relative smaller particle size, higher drug loading, and improved sustained release. Cellular and animal results both indicated that the PTX encapsulated HSAF-NPs have shown good anti-cancer performance. And the anticancer results confirmed that NPs with fast cellular internalization showed better tumor inhibition. These findings will not only provide a safe and robust drug delivery NP platform for cancer therapy, but also offer fundamental information for the optimal design of albumin based NPs.

Hypothermia-Modulating Matrix Elasticity of Injured Brain Promoted Neural Lineage Specification of Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Both chemical and physical microenvironments appear to be important for lineage specification of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs). However, physical factors such as the elastic modulus in traumatic brain injury (TBI) are seldom studied. Intracranial hypertension and cerebral edema after TBI may change the brain's physical microenvironment, which inhibits neural lineage specification of transplanted UCMSCs. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential regulatory effect of mild hypothermia on the elastic modulus of the injured brain. First, we found that more UCMSCs grown on gels mimicking the elastic modulus of the brain (0.5 kPa) differentiated into neural cells, which were verified with the formation of branched cells and the expression of neural markers. Then, UCMSCs were transplanted into TBI rats, and we observed that mild hypothermia resulted in the differentiation of more neurons and astrocytes from transplanted UCMSCs. To demonstrate that more neural specification of UCMSCs was due to the regulation of the elastic modulus, we monitored intracranial pressure and cerebral edema. The results showed that mild hypothermia significantly reduced intracranial pressure and brain water content, indicating modulation of the elastic modulus by mild hypothermia. An examination with atomic force microscopy (AFM) in a cell injury model in vitro further verified hypothermia-regulated elastic modulus. In this study, we found a novel role of mild hypothermia in modulating the elastic modulus of the injured brain, resulting in the promotion of neural lineage specification of UCMSCs, which suggested that the combination of mild hypothermia had more advantages in cell-based therapy after TBI.

[Degradation Characteristics of Composite CVOCs by Non-thermal Plasma].

Non-thermal plasma was used as a pretreatment technology for bio-trickling filter, employing chlorobenzene and dichloroethane as target pollutants. This experiment was conducted to study the purification effect and degradation product in NTP under different frequency power supply,to provide a theoretical basis for coupling with biotechnology. The results showed that the removal efficiency for mixed waste gas in the plasma first increased and then decreased with the increase of the SIE. The maximum energy efficiency was obtained at 6111 J·L-1 under high frequency power and 7167 J·L-1 under low frequency condition, respectively. Extending residence time caused a rise in mixed gas removal efficiency, but the removal load didn't always increase and the highest removal load was observed with the residence time of 5 s, so 5 s was regarded as the optimal reaction condition for the subsequent analysis in this study. The degradation products were analyzed under the specific conditions. Experimental results showed that the amount and the selectivity of carbon dioxide both increased with the increase of SIE in the plasma reactor. The amount of ozone increased to a maximum value and then decreased with the increase of SIE in the plasma reactor, and the amount of ozone produced in low-frequency power plasma was lower than that in high-frequency power. The trend of TOC values was similar to the trend of ozone generation, indicating that the best water solubility was obtained at the highest energy efficiency.