MIA3 promotes the degradation of GSH (glutathione) by binding to CHAC1, thereby promoting the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma.

MIA3 (melanoma inhibitory active protein 3)/TANGO1 (Golgi transporter component protein) plays an important role in the initiation, development, and metabolism of cancer. We aimed to explore the role and underlying molecular mechanisms of MIA3/TANGO1 in the growth and migration of hepatoma cells. According to the analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, MIA3 is expressed at higher levels in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues than in normal tissues. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry, and western blotting were used to detect mRNA and protein expression in HCC tissues and cells. The in vitro function of MIA3 in HCC cells was evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation, cell migration and invasion, and flow cytometry assays. Hep-G2 cells with MIA3 overexpression were subjected to RNA-seq, and the downstream target gene CHAC1 (glutathione-specific γ-glutamyl cyclotransferase 1) was selected according to the results of the volcano map of gene enrichment. The relationship between MIA3 and CHAC1 was revealed by coimmunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy. MIA3 expression was upregulated in HCC organizations and HCC samples in the TCGA dataset. Knocking out MIA3 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of Hep-G2 cells and promoted the apoptosis of Hep-G2 cells. Overexpression of MIA3 in Huh7 cells promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion and suppressed the apoptosis of Huh7 cells. Overexpression of MIA3 promoted the expression of CHAC1 and the degradation of glutathione (GSH), thereby promoting the growth and metastasis of HCC cells. Knocking out MIA3 inhibited the expression of CHAC1 and slowed the degradation of glutathione, thereby inhibiting the growth and metastasis of HCC cells. MIA3 further promotes the growth, metastasis, and invasion of hepatoma cells by binding to the CHAC1 protein and promoting GSH degradation.

Night-time surgery for type a aortic dissection: Immediate or delaying?

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to investigate whether surgery performed during night compared with daytime were associated with an increased risk of operative mortality of type A aortic dissection (TAAD) patients. METHODS: A total of 2015 TAAD patients who underwent surgical repair were collected from two cardiovascular centers from Jan 2015 to Jan 2021. According to the start time of surgery, patients were divided into daytime group (06:01 a.m. to 06:00 p.m.) and night-time group (06:01 p.m. to 06:00 a.m.), and retrospective analyses were performed between them. RESULTS: The operative mortality of night-time group (12.2%, 43/352) was dramatically higher than daytime group (6.9%, 115/1663; p = 0.001). There was significant difference between night-time and daytime groups in terms of 30-days mortality (5.8% vs 10.8%; p = 0.001) and in-hospital mortality (3.5% vs 6.0%; p = 0.03). The night-time group had a longer duration of intensive care unit stay (4 vs two; days; p < 0.001) and ventilation support (34 vs 19; hours; p < 0.001), compared with daytime group. The risk factors for operative mortality were night-time surgery (odds ratio [OR], 1.545; p = 0.027), age (odds ratio, 1.152; p < 0.001), total arch replacement (OR, 2.265; p < 0.001) and previous aortic surgery (OR, 2.376; p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: Night-time surgical repair may be associated with higher operative mortality of patients with TAAD. Nevertheless, it is reasonable to offer emergency surgery at night-time for such patients who were more likely to present disastrous complications with delayed surgical intervention, as outcomes indicate acceptable operative mortality.

Changing of haemostatic system in a pig model during different types of hypothermic circulatory arrest.

BACKGROUND: Hypothermic circulatory arrest is usually used in aortic surgery, congenital heart defect repairs and other complex surgeries. It is frequently associated with excessive postoperative bleeding and the transfusion of allogeneic blood products. The physiopathology of hypothermic circulatory arrest-induced coagulopathy has never been systematically studied. The aim of the study was to investigate this phenomenon in a pig model. METHODS: Ten pigs were randomly assigned to 30 min of hypothermic circulatory arrest at either 15 °C (n = 5) or 25 °C (n = 5). Detection of apoptosis and haemostatic system assays were performed in this experiment. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed at ten time points in each group to study the changes in the coagulation system in hypothermic circulatory arrest. All of the statistical analyses were performed in SPSS software, version 18.0, and as bilateral tests, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the effect of different types of hypothermic circulatory arrest on routine laboratory tests and tissue sample analysis (p > 0.05, for all). Our results demonstrated that more severe systemic activation of the coagulation system (TAT and F1+2) was applied in the deep hypothermic circulatory arrest group but not in the moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest group (TAT/p = 0.01, F1+2/p = 0.03). However, this activation of the coagulation system (AT III and PC) was not associated with changes in the anticoagulation pathway (AT III/p = 0.24, PC/p = 0.33). In addition, analysis of biomarkers of the haemostatic system revealed that the consumption of coagulation is more concentrated on extrinsic coagulation factors (FVII/p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest is more suitable for patients with coagulation dysfunction. We believe the application of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest should pay more attention to changes in coagulation rather than the anticoagulation pathway. Extrinsic coagulation factor supplementation is more effective after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest.

Effect of nasal microflora on nasal function after endoscopic surgery in patients with chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of nasal microflora on nasal function after endoscopic surgery in patients with chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps.METHODS There were 88 patients with chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps who underwent elective nasal endoscopic surgery in Daxing District People's Hospital from May 2021 to May 2022.High-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the distribution of microflora in nasal secretions,and the patients were divided into a microbial-negative group(24 cases),a bacteria-positive group(42 cases)and a fungus-positive group(22 cases).Visual analog scale,Lund-Kennedy endoscopic score and Lund-Mackay CT were used to evaluate the nasal function of the patients before and 6 months after surgery,respectively.After surgery,nasal endoscopy was used to evaluate the degree of nasal mucosal injury and the thickness of the basement membrane of the nasal mucosal tissue was measured.RESULTS There were 64 pathogens who were detected in nasal secretions of 88 patients with chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps,accounting for 47.73%of bacteria and 25.00%of fungi.After operation,the nasal function score of the three groups was significantly lower than that before operation,and the pair-to-pair comparison between the three groups had statistical significance(P<0.05).The damage degree and basement membrane thickness of nasal mucosal epithelium in bacteria positive group and fungi positive group were higher than those in microbial negative group(P<0.05),but there was no difference between groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Bacteria and fungi in nasal secretions can affect the recovery of nasal function after endoscopic surgery in patients with chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps,and affect the effect of endoscopic surgery.

Correlation between metabolic markers and blood lipid levels in kidney transplant recipients / 器官移植

Objective To analyze the co-expressed genes in blood lipid metabolism, hyperlipidemia and tacrolimus metabolism and their correlation with blood lipid levels in kidney transplant recipients. Methods Co-expressed genes were screened from Comparative Toxicogenomic Database (CTD). Baseline data of 25 kidney transplant recipients were collected. The expression levels of ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1(ABCA1), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) and glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored high density lipoprotein binding protein 1 (GPIHBP1) were measured. All recipients were followed up. The concentrations of fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, triglyceride, total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and tacrolimus blood concentration were collected at postoperative 1, 3, 6 and 12 months, and the incidence of hyperlipidemia in the recipients was analyzed. The correlation between ABCA1, GPIHBP1, PPAR-γ and clinical indexes was assessed. The diagnostic efficiency of related indexes for hyperlipidemia after kidney transplantation was evaluated. Results Three co-expressed genes including ABCA1, PPAR-γ and GPIHBP1 were screened. ABCA1 was positively correlated with cholesterol level at postoperative 6 months and tacrolimus blood concentration at postoperative 3 months, whereas negatively correlated with fasting blood glucose level at postoperative 3 months (all P<0.05). GPIHBP1 was negatively correlated with preoperative cholesterol and triglyceride levels, whereas positively correlated with tacrolimus blood concentration at postoperative 3 months (all P<0.05). PPAR-γ was negatively correlated with preoperative globulin and low-density lipoprotein levels (both P<0.05). ABCA1, GPIHBP1 and PPAR-γ combined with preoperative globulin and blood glucose level at postoperative 1 and 6 months after operation yielded high diagnostic efficiency for hypertriglyceridemia after kidney transplantation (AUC=0.900). ABCA1, GPIHBP1 and PPAR-γ combined with tacrolimus blood concentrations at postoperative 1 and 6 months and blood glucose level at postoperative 6 months had high diagnostic efficiency for hypercholesterolemia after kidney transplantation (AUC=0.931). Conclusions ABCA1, GPIHBP1 and PPAR-γ are correlated with blood lipid level and tacrolimus blood concentration after kidney transplantation to different degrees. No definite evidence has been supported for predicting hyperlipidemia after kidney transplantation. Immunity improvement and rational blood glucose management may be beneficial factors for hyperlipidemia control.

Analysis of influencing factors of tube bleeding and its correlation with perioperative complications after coronary artery bypass grafting / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the influencing factors of increased tube bleeding within 24 h after coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG) and its correlation with perioperative complications.Methods:This study was a prospective observational study. The patients with CABG surgery were enrolled in Beijing Anzhen Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from May 2018 to December 2021. The age, sex, complications, blood tests and other clinical data of outpatients were collected. Left ventricular ejection fraction(EF) and left ventricular enddiastolic diameter(LVED) were detected by echocardiography. MGF and PI of grafts were recorded during CABG. Perioperative troponin Ⅰ, blood clotting pentathlon, all-cause death, perioperative myocardial fraction, atrial fibrillation and stroke were collected. According to the tube bleeding within 24 h after operation, the patients were divided into increased group(tube bleeding>1 000 ml) and normal group(tube bleeding≤1 000 ml). The preoperative baseline data, intraoperative indexes and perioperative complications were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression, Spearman and linear regression models were used to analyze the correlation between tube bleeding within 24 h and clinical data.Results:304 patients underwent CABG were enrolled. There were 185 cases(60.9%) in the increased group and 119 cases(39.1%) in the normal group. After adjusting for age, sex and BMI, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male( OR=2.40, 95% CI: 1.38-4.18, P=0.002), history of stroke( OR=2.37, 95% CI: 1.07-5.26, P=0.034), and history of myocardial infarction( OR=1.81, 95% CI: 1.13-2.91, P=0.014) could significantly increase the risk of tube bleeding within 24 h after surgery. The average blood flow of the anterior descending branch( OR=0.99, 95% CI: 0.99-1.00, P=0.022) and the circumflex branch( OR=0.99, 95% CI: 0.98-1.00, P=0.003) during the operation was significantly negatively correlated with the increase of tube bleeding within 24 h after surgery, while the PI of anterior descending branch( OR=1.81, 95% CI: 1.26-2.61, P=0.001), circumflex branch( OR=1.45, 95% CI: 1.07-1.97, P=0.017), right coronary artery( OR=1.84, 95% CI: 1.29-2.62, P=0.001) were positively correlated with the increase of tube bleeding within 24 h after operation. In addition, prothrombin time significantly increased the risk of increased tube bleeding within 24 h after surgery( OR=1.16, 95% CI: 1.03-1.30, P=0.018). Linear regression analysis showed that there was a significant positive linear correlation between ICU time and tube bleeding within 24 h after surgery( OR=0.17, 95% CI: 0.96-4.58, P=0.003), and a significant negative linear correlation between postoperative ejection fraction and tube bleeding within 24 h( OR=-0.25, 95% CI: -33.18--13.07, P<0.001). Conclusion:Increased tube bleeding within 24 h after CABG is most common in males and patients with a history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular infarction. Better graft hemodynamic parameters can reduce the tube bleeding within 24 h after the operation, further improve cardiac function and reduce ICU time.

Study on the role of miR-567 in proliferation,migration and cell cycle of NSCLC through regulation of CDK8 and its clinical relevance / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the role of microRNA(miR)-567 in the proliferation,migration and cell cycle of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)through regulation of cyclin dependent kinase 8(CDK8)and its clinical relevance.Methods Tumor tissues and adjacent tissues of 40 NSCLC patients were collected,and the expressions of miR-567 and CDK8 were detected by real-time quantitative fluorescent PCR(qRT-PCR).miR-NC mimic,miR-567 mimic,oe-NC,and oe-CDK8 were transfected into A549 and H1975 cells.The ex-pressions of miR-567 and CDK8 were detected using qRT-PCR.Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 method,and cell migration was detected by Transwell assay.Cell cycle changes were detected by flow cytome-try.The targeting of miR-567 and CDK8 was detected by luciferase reporter gene assay.Results In the tumor tissues of NSCLC patients,the expression of miR-567 was decreased,while the expression of CDK8 was in-creased,and the two were negatively correlated(P＜0.05).In A549 and H1975 cells,miR-567 mimic group was compared with miR-NC mimic group,the expression of miR-567 was increased,the expression of CDK8 was decreased,the proliferation and migration levels of cells were decreased,the proportion of G1 phase was increased,and the proportion of S phase was decreased.The fluorescence intensity of miR-567 mimic group was lower than that of miR-NC mimic group in normal CDK8.miR-567 mimic+oe-CDK8 group was compared with miR-567 mimic+oe-NC group,the expression of CDK8 was increased,the proliferation and migration levels of cells were increased,the proportion of cells in G1 phase was decreased,and the proportion of cells in S phase was increased.Conclusion miR-567 can inhibit NSCLC proliferation and migration by targeting CDK8 expression and controlling tumor cell arrest in the S phase.

Application of case-based learning based on the clinical case library of stomatology in standardized residency training for comprehensive stomatology / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To investigate the application effect of case-based learning (CBL) based on the clinical case library of stomatology in standardized residency training for comprehensive stomatology.Methods:A total of 52 residents in Department of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, were given CBL teaching based on the clinical case library of comprehensive stomatology, and a questionnaire survey was performed to evaluate the teaching effect. Theoretical and skill assessments were performed before and after CBL teaching, and a comparative analysis was performed. SPSS 19.0 software was used for the t-test. Results:The questionnaire survey showed that CBL teaching based on the clinical case library of stomatology effectively improved the ability of independent learning [92.31% (48/52)], the interest in learning [88.46% (46/52)], and the ability for case diagnosis and the accuracy of investigation and judgment [94.23% (49/52)]. This method helped with the mastery and understanding of the theoretical knowledge in stomatology [96.15% (50/52)] and improved the abilities for expression and communication [84.62% (44/52)] and the ability to find and solve problems [94.23% (49/52)]. It also helped to stimulate the interest in scientific research and teaching [82.69% (43/52)] and create an active classroom atmosphere [82.69% (43/52)]. Among these residents, 94.23% (49/52) liked CBL teaching, and 88.64% (46/52) thought the setting of the case library was reasonable. After the application of CBL teaching, there were significant increases in theoretical score [from (66.74±4.25) points to (81.44±7.16) points] and skill examination score [from (64.00±3.14) points to (81.96±7.50) points].Conclusions:CBL teaching based on the case library of stomatology has a good teaching effect in the standardized residency training for comprehensive stomatology and can not only improve the theoretical and skill assessments of residents, but also improve their learning interest and clinical thinking ability.

Research progress of exocrine non-coding RNA in cholangiocarcinoma / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Cholangiocarcinoma is the second most common malignant tumor in primary liver tumors, which has high malignant degree and poor prognosis. At present, there is no satisfactory and effective treatment method. Exosomes from various cells carry a variety of substances and act on the receptor cells, transmitting biological messages between different cells to regulate a variety of physiological and pathological changes. Exosomes can affect the tumor microenvironment and further mediate the tumorigenesis and progression of tumors via multiple approaches. Increasing studies have demonstrated that the non-coding RNA (ncRNAs) carried by tumor-derived exosomes is involved in regulating the occurrence, development and metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma. Combined with the current research progress, this article summarizes the role, diagnosis and treatment value of exosome ncRNAs in cholangiocarcinoma, so as to provide references for follow-up research.

Risk factors of new-onset hypertriglyceridemia in kidney transplant recipients: a single-center analysis / 器官移植

Objective To identify the risk factors of new-onset hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) in kidney transplant recipients. Methods Clinical data of 149 kidney transplant recipients were retrospectively analyzed. According to serum triglyceride (TG) level after operation, they were divided into the non-HTG group (TG≤1.7 mmol/L, n=60) and new-onset HTG group (TG>1.7 mmol/L, n=89). Baseline data of all recipients were compared between two groups. The risk factors of HTG in kidney transplant recipients were analyzed by generalized estimating equation (GEE), and validated by multiple regression equations. Results No significant differences were observed in baseline data between two groups (all P>0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the incidence of HTG in the middle and high tacrolimus (Tac) concentration groups was higher than that in the low Tac concentration group [odds ratio (OR) 3.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22-7.93, P=0.018 in the middle Tac concentration group; OR 5.11, 95%CI 1.31-19.98, P=0.019 in the high Tac concentration group]. Compared with type-A blood recipients, the risk of new-onset HTG was significantly increased in type-O blood counterparts (OR 2.77, 95%CI 1.14-6.71, P=0.024). The risk of new-onset HTG was decreased along with the increase of preoperative globulin level (OR 0.93, 95%CI 0.87-0.99, P=0.043). At postoperative 3 months, Tac blood concentration in the new-onset HTG group was significantly higher compared with that in the non-HTG group, and significant difference was observed (P<0.05). Multiple regression equations confirmed that the risk of new-onset HTG in type-O blood kidney transplant recipients was higher than that in type-A blood counterparts, and the risk of new-onset HTG in the middle and high Tac concentration groups was higher than that in the low Tac concentration group (all P<0.05). Conclusions Type-O blood kidney transplant recipients are more prone to HTG. It is necessary to strengthen postoperative monitoring and control of blood lipids. The blood concentration of Tac probably affects the new-onset HTG in kidney transplant recipients. Maintaining an appropriate blood concentration of Tac may be beneficial to lowering the risk of HTG.

Early efficacy of water sac blocking versus Heartstring for proximal anastomosis during off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective:To compare the early effect of water sac blocking and Heartstring for proximal anastomosis of the calcific ascending aorta.Methods:The data of 400 consecutive patients undergoing elective off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting(OPCABG) in Beijing Anzhen Hospital from January 2022 to June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. 46 patients with calcific ascending aorta including 40 males and 6 females, with the age ranged from 53 to 73 years and an average of(65.2±5.1) years, who were revealed by preoperative chest CT scan and intraoperative palpation. According to the method of proximal anastomosis, the patients were divided into 2 groups: water sac blocking group(n=19) and Heartstring group(n=27). The effect of preventing postoperative stroke was compared by counting the incidence of postoperative stroke. The efficacy of the 2 methods was compared by detecting the flow and pulsatility fraction of the saphenous vein trunk during surgery, observing the dynamic changes of the electrocardiogram and cTnI level within 48h after the surgery, and reviewing the coronary CTA 3 months after discharge.Results:There was no perioperative death, and all the patients were discharged 4-13 days postoperatively. No adverse events such as stroke and malignant ventricular arrhythmia occurred during perioperative period. 1 patient in each group developed low cardiac output syndrome postoperatively, and both improved after IABP placement. 1 patient in Heartstring group developed acute inferior myocardial infarction, which was improved after IABP placement. Coronary CTA 3 months after operation showed that there was no proximal anastomotic stenosis in both groups.Conclusion:There is no significant difference between the 2 proximal anastomosis methods in preventing stroke after OPCABG in patients with ascending aortic calcification. Compared with Heartstring, water sac blocking does not increase the risk of proximal anastomotic stenosis. In addition, water sac blocking does not require expensive consumables, which is especially suitable for patients with limited funds and can be generalized.

Clinical study of aspirin combined with atorvastatin in the prevention of new onset atrial fibrillation after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective:To explore the clinical value of aspirin combined with atorvastatin in the prevention of new onset atrial fibrillation after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG).Methods:208 patients with coronary artery bypass grafting in our hospital from June 2019 to June 2021 were selected as the research subjects and divided by a random number table method into groups. The control group (104 cases) was treated with aspirin before operation, and the observation group (104 cases) was treated with aspirin and atorvastatin before operation. ECG monitoring was carried out continuously for 7 days of patients in the two groups, and the occurrence and duration of AF were recorded. The clinical therapeutic efficacy, incidence and adverse reactions of AF, left atrial diameter and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level were observed before and after treatment.Results:The incidence of AF in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). There was no statistical significant difference in the starting time of AF between the two groups after operation ( P>0.05). The duration of AF in the observation group was better than that in the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Before treatment, there was no statistical significant difference in left atrial diameter and hs-CRP level between the two groups ( P>0.05). After treatment, the left atrial diameter in the observation group returned to that before treatment, and there was no statistical significant difference in the same group ( P>0.05). The left atrial diameter in the control group was higher than that before treatment, and there was statistical significant difference in the same group ( P<0.05). The level of hs-CRP was lower than that in the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). There were no adverse reactions in both groups. Conclusion:Aspirin combined with atorvastatin has a significant effect in preventing new onset AF after OPCABG. It can reduce the incidence of postoperative AF, shorten the duration of AF, effectively control the inner diameter of left atrium, reduce the degree of postoperative inflammatory reaction, and has no adverse effects. It is worthy of clinical application.

Short- and long-term prognosis of off-pump coronary endarterectomy / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the prognosis of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting combined(OPCABG) with coronary endarterectomy(CE) treating the diffuse coronary artery disease.Methods:From January 2012 to December 2014, the clinical data of 2 496 OPCABG patients in our department were retrospectively analyzed, and they were divided into OPCABG group and OPCABG+ CE group. After 1∶1 matching via the propensity score matching method, the perioperative prognosis, long-term survival and adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events(MACCE) were compared between the two groups.Results:A total of 238 pairs of patients were included after propensity score matching. The incidence of postoperative AMI in the OPCABG+ CE group was significantly higher than that in the OPCABG group(5.04% vs. 1.68%, P=0.042). With an average follow-up of 7.3 years, there was no significant difference in the cumulative survival rate(92.44% vs. 88.65%, P=0.159) and long-term MACCE(10.92% vs. 15.13%, P=0.173) between the two groups. Compared with the OPCABG group, the recurrence of angina pectoris(CCS grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ) in the OPCABG+ CE group increased significantly(20.16% vs. 12.60%, P=0.026). Conclusion:The risk of early AMI and long-term angina recurrence after OPCABG+ CE is significantly increased, but the long-term survival and MACCE of OPCABG+ CE and OPCABG are comparable.

Association of microbiota with hair and scalp diseases / 中华皮肤科杂志

Skin microbiota is associated with various skin diseases. Scalp hair follicles penetrate deeply into the skin, and carry complex microbial communities distinct from those on the skin surface. Local imbalance of microbial communities may impair the skin barrier function, leading to a variety of hair and scalp diseases. This review discusses changes in microbial diversity and colonization by specific microorganisms in various hair diseases, including dandruff, folliculitis decalvans, etc., and provides new ideas for exploring the pathogenesis of and therapeutic strategies for various hair and scalp diseases.

Characteristics of severe sports injuries related to alpine skiing during the 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics in Beijing / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective:To characterize the severe sports injuries related to alpine skiing during the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics and Paralympics so as to provide information for the prevention and treatment of sports injuries in the Yanqing National Alpine Skiing Center tracks.Methods:The medical data were collected of all the alpine skiing athletes and related staff who had sought medical treatment in Peking University Third Hospital Yanqing Hospital during January 20, 2022 to March 26, 2022. Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted for body part, type, occurrence place, and severity of the injuries.Results:There were 49 patients who had suffered severe injuries related to alpine skiing events during this Olympic Games, with 68 injuries by body parts and 72 injuries by types. The most common injury part was the knee (25.0%, 17/68), followed by the head (14.7%, 10/68), and the shoulder (8.8%, 6/68). The most common types of injury were contusion (including hematoma and abrasion, 30.6%, 22/72), followed by sprain (including dislocation, subluxation, and ligament injury, 22.2%, 16/72), and fracture (20.8%, 15/72). The most common occurrence place in the tracks for athletes was the "Haituo Bowl" area (41.7%, 10/24). In terms of severity, the injuries led to an absence from training or competition in 48 athletes [98.0% (48/49)], of whom 33 were severely injured [67.3% (33/49)].Conclusions:The most vulnerable part for severe sports injuries in the alpine skiing events of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics and Paralympics was the knee, mostly with ligament injuries, which is consistent with the findings of previous events. The high proportion of severe injuries indicated the difficulty of this track. The place where injuries mostly occurred was the "Haituo Bowl" area of the racing track, also the most challenging part of this track, indicating a necessity of more medical resources in this area.

Establishment and evaluation of risk prediction model for ischemic stroke after coronary artery bypass grafting in elderly patients / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective:To explore the risk factors of ischemic stroke after coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG) in elderly(≥75 years old)patients, establish a risk prediction model and evaluate it.Methods:From January 2015 to September 2021, a total of 1 553 elderly patients with coronary artery disease who were admitted to Beijing Anzhen Hospital for coronary artery bypass grafting were included retrospectively. Among which 1 121(72%) cases were males, with a median age of 77( IQR 75, 78) years. Clinical data were collected and univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to explore the risk factors of ischemic stroke after CABG in elderly patients. After the establishment of risk prediction model, we constructed the nomogram, and tested the discrimination and calibration of the model. Results:All patients underwent CABG, there were 35 patients with ischemic stroke after operation, with an incidence of 2.25%(35/1 553). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes( OR=2.61, 95% CI: 1.31-5.32), old myocardial infarction( OR=3.62, 95% CI: 1.61-7.63), systolic blood pressure( OR=1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.04) and vertebral artery stenosis( OR=1.01, 95% CI: 1.00-1.02) were independent risk factors for postoperative cerebral infarction in patients undergoing CABG. The model was presented by a nomogram, and the model discrimination was evaluated by ROC curve. The area under the curve( AUC) was 0.757, indicating a optimal discrimination. Hosmer- Lemeshow test of goodness of fit was performed to evaluate the model calibration( χ2=6.209, P=0.624). Conclusion:Diabetes mellitus, old myocardial infarction, systolic blood pressure and vertebral artery stenosis are independent risk factors for ischemic stroke in elderly patients after CABG. The established risk prediction model has optimal discrimination and calibration.

Analysis on Feasibility of Electronic Nose Technology for Rapid Identification of Bletillae Rhizoma and Its Approximate Decoction Pieces / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of applying electronic nose technology to rapidly identify Bletillae Rhizoma and its approximate decoction pieces. MethodA total of 134 batches of Bletillae Rhizoma and its approximate decoction pieces， including 45 batches of Bletillae Rhizoma， 30 batches of Gastrodiae Rhizoma， 30 batches of Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma and 29 batches of Bletillae Ochraceae Rhizoma， were collected as test samples. The olfactory sensory data of the samples were collected by PEN3 electronic nose as the independent variable（X）. Based on the identification results of the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia and local standards， as well as the high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） fingerprint and original purchase information of 134 batches of the decoction pieces， the benchmark data Y of the identification model were obtained， and four chemometric methods of principal component analysis-discriminant analysis（PCA-DA）， partial least squares-discriminant analysis（PLS-DA）， least square-support vector machine（LS-SVM） and K-nearest neighbor（KNN） were used to establish the binary identification model for 45 batches of Bletillae Rhizoma and 89 batches of non-Bletillae Rhizoma and the quadratic identification model of the four kinds of decoction pieces， that is， Y=F（X）. ResultAfter leave-one-out cross validation， the positive discrimination rates of the above four models were 97.01%， 97.01%， 98.51% and 97.01% in the binary identification， and 97.76%， 89.55%， 98.51% and 97.01% in the quadratic identification， respectively. The highest positive discrimination rate could reach 98.51% for the binary and quadratic identification models， and LS-SVM algorithm is both the optimal one， the most suitable kernel functions were chosen as radial basis function and linear kernel function， respectively. The optimal models discriminated well with no unclassified samples. ConclusionElectronic nose technology can accurately and rapidly identify Bletillae Rhizoma and its approximate decoction pieces， which can provide new ideas and methods for rapid quality evaluation of other decoction pieces.

Breath-by-breath measurement of exhaled ammonia by acetone-modifier positive photoionization ion mobility spectrometry via online dilution and purging sampling / 药物分析学报

Exhaled ammonia(NH3)is an essential noninvasive biomarker for disease diagnosis.In this study,an acetone-modifier positive photoionization ion mobility spectrometry(AM-PIMS)method was developed for accurate qualitative and quantitative analysis of exhaled NH3 with high selectivity and sensitivity.Acetone was introduced into the drift tube along with the drift gas as a modifier,and the characteristic NH3 product ion peak of(C3H6O)4NH4+(K0=1.45 cm2/V·s)was obtained through the ion-molecule reaction with acetone reactant ions(C3H6O)2H+(K0=1.87 cm2/V·s),which significantly increased the peak-to-peak resolution and improved the accuracy of exhaled NH3 qualitative identification.Moreover,the interference of high humidity and the memory effect of NH3 molecules were significantly reduced via online dilution and purging sampling,thus realizing breath-by-breath measurement.As a result,a wide quantitative range of 5.87-140.92 μmol/L with a response time of 40 ms was achieved,and the exhaled NH3 profile could be synchronized with the concentration curve of exhaled CO2.Finally,the analytical capacity of AM-PIMS was demonstrated by measuring the exhaled NH3 of healthy subjects,demon-strating its great potential for clinical disease diagnosis.

Anzhen hospital expert experience on perioperative treatment principles of cardiovascular surgery for patients infected with COVID-19 / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

The end of the COVID-19 infection peak in 2022 prompts a backlog of cardiovascular surgical patients to gradually return to the hospital, resulting in a surge in cardiovascular surgeries. However, against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, the clinical practice of cardiovascular surgery faces many problems. Therefore, organized by Beijing Anzhen Hospital, experts in cardiovascular surgery and related fields have formulated hospital expert experience on perioperative treatment principles of cardiovascular surgery for patients infected with COVID-19. This article summarizes the clinical decision-making of patients requiring cardiovascular surgery after COVID-19 infection, and advises on the corresponding recommendations according to the existing evidence-based medical evidence as well as the actual clinical practice experience of relevant experts. The main content of the article includes special requirements for cardiovascular surgical treatment indications in patients with COVID-19 infection, selection of surgical timing, special requirements of preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative management, etc., which aims to provide COVID-19-infected patients with guidance on rational decision-making when receiving cardiovascular surgery.