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The utilization of gypsum and biomass in environmental remediation has become a novel approach to promote waste recycling. Generally, raw waste materials exhibit limited adsorption capacity for heavy metal ions (HMIs) and often result in poor solid-liquid separation. In this study, through co-pyrolysis with corncob waste, titanium gypsum (TiG) was transformed into magnetic adsorbents (GCx, where x denotes the proportion of corncob in the gypsum-corncob mixture) for the removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II). GC10, the optimal adsorbent, which was composed primarily of anhydrite, calcium sulfide, and magnetic Fe3O4, exhibited significantly faster adsorption kinetics (rate constant k1 was 218 times and 9 times of raw TiG for Cd(II) and Pb(II)) and higher adsorption capacity (Qe exceeded 200â¯mg/g for Cd(II) and 400â¯mg/g for Pb(II)) than raw TiG and previous adsorbents. Cd(II) removal was more profoundly inhibited in a Cd(II) + Pb(II) binary system, suggesting that GC10 showed better selectivity for Pb(II). Moreover, GC10 could be easily separated from purified water for further recovery, due to its high saturation magnetization value (6.3â¯emu/g). The superior removal capabilities of GC10 were due to adsorption and surface precipitation of metal sulfides and metal sulfates on the adsorbent surface. Overall, these waste-derived magnetic adsorbents provide a novel and sustainable approach to waste recycling and the deep purification of multiple HMIs.
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Metales Pesados , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Cadmio/análisis , Sulfato de Calcio , Zea mays , Plomo , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Titanio , Adsorción , Fenómenos Magnéticos , CinéticaRESUMEN
A high-speed circular polarization converter (CPC) with a wide field of view (FOV) and wavelength range is designed and fabricated in this paper. The multi-waveplate combined structure is applied to constitute the basic configuration of the CPC for broadening the wavelength range. An electrically suppressed helix ferroelectric liquid crystal (ESHFLC) material with fast response is used as a medium for dynamic polarization operation. The compensation films are used to expand the FOV by attaching to the configuration. The simulation results demonstrate that the optimized CPC structure can achieve over 97% orthogonal circular polarization conversion efficiency in 300â nm bandwidth at a 90° viewing cone for both working states. Finally, we have experiments and the results show well consistency with the theoretical results.
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OBJECTIVES: We applied a fully automated pixel-wise post-processing framework to evaluate fully quantitative cardiovascular magnetic resonance myocardial perfusion imaging (CMR-MPI). In addition, we aimed to evaluate the additive value of coronary magnetic resonance angiography (CMRA) to the diagnostic performance of fully automated pixel-wise quantitative CMR-MPI for detecting hemodynamically significant coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: A total of 109 patients with suspected CAD were prospectively enrolled and underwent stress and rest CMR-MPI, CMRA, invasive coronary angiography (ICA), and fractional flow reserve (FFR). CMRA was acquired between stress and rest CMR-MPI acquisition, without any additional contrast agent. Finally, CMR-MPI quantification was analyzed by a fully automated pixel-wise post-processing framework. RESULTS: Of the 109 patients, 42 patients had hemodynamically significant CAD (FFR ≤ 0.80 or luminal stenosis ≥ 90% on ICA) and 67 patients had hemodynamically non-significant CAD (FFR Ë 0.80 or luminal stenosis < 30% on ICA) were enrolled. On the per-territory analysis, patients with hemodynamically significant CAD had higher myocardial blood flow (MBF) at rest, lower MBF under stress, and lower myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR) than patients with hemodynamically non-significant CAD (p < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of MPR (0.93) was significantly larger than those of stress and rest MBF, visual assessment of CMR-MPI, and CMRA (p < 0.05), but similar to that of the integration of CMR-MPI with CMRA (0.90). CONCLUSIONS: Fully automated pixel-wise quantitative CMR-MPI can accurately detect hemodynamically significant CAD, but the integration of CMRA obtained between stress and rest CMR-MPI acquisition did not provide significantly additive value. KEY POINTS: ⢠Full quantification of stress and rest cardiovascular magnetic resonance myocardial perfusion imaging can be postprocessed fully automatically, generating pixel-wise myocardial blood flow (MBF) and myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR) maps. ⢠Fully quantitative MPR provided higher diagnostic performance for detecting hemodynamically significant coronary artery disease, compared with stress and rest MBF, qualitative assessment, and coronary magnetic resonance angiography (CMRA). ⢠The integration of CMRA and MPR did not significantly improve the diagnostic performance of MPR alone.
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Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria , Estenosis Coronaria , Reserva del Flujo Fraccional Miocárdico , Imagen de Perfusión Miocárdica , Humanos , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/diagnóstico , Angiografía Coronaria/métodos , Reserva del Flujo Fraccional Miocárdico/fisiología , Constricción Patológica , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Perfusión , Imagen de Perfusión Miocárdica/métodosRESUMEN
In this study, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance(LF-NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) were employed to analyze the water distribution, status, and migration in the moistening process of Arecae Semen. Peleg model was adopted to study the water absorption kinetics of Arecae Semen moistened at different water temperatures(10, 30, and 50 â). The Arecae Semen samples soaked at different water temperatures all contained four water states: binding water T_(21), non-flowing water T_(22), free water T_(23), and unbound water T_(24). Non-flowing water had the largest increase in peak area during the moistening process, followed by free water. The peak areas of non-flowing water, free water, and total water were correlated with the water content(P<0.01). Therefore, LF-NMR can quickly and non-destructively predict the water content of Arecae Semen during moistening. The peak area of non-flowing water and the content of free water were correlated with the content of arecoline in the soaking solution(P<0.01), which indicated that the faster flow of non-flowing water and more free water corresponded to more arecoline dissolved. The MRI images showed that the water migration pathway varied at different soaking temperatures, and the moistening degree obtained by this means was consistent with that obtained based on traditional experience. The rate constant K_1 fitted by Peleg model decreased with the increase in water temperature, while the capacity constant K_2 showed an opposite trend. The Arrhenius equation fitting of K_1 with temperature showed that the activation energy of Arecae Semen in the moistening process was 32.98 kJ·mol~(-1). LF-NMR/MRI can be used to analyze the water status and content and determine the end moisturing point of Arecae Semen. Peleg model can accurately describe the water absorption properties of Arecae Semen in the moistening process. The findings of this study can guide the moistening optimization and mechanism research of other seed Chinese medicinal materials.
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Areca , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Arecolina/análisis , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/análisis , Cinética , Semillas/química , Agua/análisisRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a disease with high morbidity and mortality worldwide and the evaluation of myocardial injury and perfusion status following myocardial ischemia and reperfusion is of clinical value. PURPOSE: To assess the diagnostic utility of simplified perfusion fraction (SPF) in differentiating salvage and infarcted myocardium and its predictive value for left ventricular remodeling in patients with reperfusion ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). STUDY TYPE: Prospective. POPULATION: Forty-one reperfused STEMI patients and 20 healthy volunteers. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: 3.0T MRI. The MR examination included cine, T2 -short tau inversion recovery (T2 -STIR), first pass perfusiong (FPP)ï¼phase sensitive inversion recovery (PSIR), and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). ASSESSMENT: SPF values among different myocardium regions (infarcted, salvaged, remote, and MVO) and stages of reperfused STEMI patients as well as normal controls were measured. The diagnostic utility of SPF values in differentiating salvaged and infarcted myocardium was assessed. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Independent t-test and the Mann-Whitney U-test. Logistic regression. RESULTS: SPF values in healthy controls were not significantly different than SPF values in the remote myocardium of patients (40.09 ± 1.47% vs. 40.28 ± 1.93%, P = 0.698). In reperfusion STEMI patients, SPF values were lower in infarcted myocardium compared to remote and salvaged myocardium (32.15 ± 2.36% vs. 40.28 ± 1.93%, P < 0.001; 32.15 ± 2.36% vs. 36.68 ± 2.71%, P < 0.001). SPF values of infarcted myocardium showed a rebound increase from acute to convalescent stages (32.15 ± 2.36% vs. 34.69 ± 3.69%, P < 0.001). When differentiating infarcted and salvaged myocardium, SPF values demonstrated an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.89 (sensitivity 85.4%, specificity 80.5%, cutoff 34.42%). Lower SPF values were associated with lower odds ratio (OR = 0.304) of left ventricular remodeling after adjusting for potential confounders with a confidence interval (CI) of 0.129-0.717, P = 0.007. DATA CONCLUSION: SPF might be able to differentiate salvaged and infarcted myocardium and is a strong predictor of left ventricular remodeling in reperfused STEMI patients. Level of Evidence 2 Technical Efficacy Stage 2.
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Infarto del Miocardio , Infarto del Miocardio con Elevación del ST , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Cinemagnética , Infarto del Miocardio/diagnóstico por imagen , Miocardio , Perfusión , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Estudios Prospectivos , Infarto del Miocardio con Elevación del ST/diagnóstico por imagen , Función Ventricular IzquierdaRESUMEN
Open anaerobic lagoons are widely used for liquid manure storage and treatment, with excess greenhouse gas (GHG) and odor emissions. In this study, liquid manure was valorized through hybrid nitrogen and phosphorous recovery as value-added products using an airlift reactor. Also, the organic load of liquid manure was reduced before discharging into anaerobic lagoons, which simultaneously mitigated GHG emissions. The results showed that 14.5% of total nitrogen (TN) was recovered as ammonium sulfate, while 38.8% of TN and 79.3% of total phosphorus (TP) were recovered as phosphorus-rich sludge. After the pre-treatment in the reactor, the odor could be controlled effectively due to a 94.2% decrease in total VFAs. In addition, 59.0% of COD was removed, which decreased the theoretical modeled GHG emissions by 51.7% compared to the traditional direct discharging. The application is promising for upgrading anaerobic lagoons of liquid manure.
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Gases de Efecto Invernadero , Anaerobiosis , Efecto Invernadero , Estiércol/análisis , Metano , NutrientesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The accuracy of 2D and 3D strain analyses was evaluated by comparing strain and cardiac function parameters in Fontan repair patients and normal child volunteers. METHODS: We retrospectively enrolled 32 patients with Fontan circulation and 32 child volunteers who had undergone clinical cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) assessment of the dominant ventricle with a 1.5-Tesla MRI scanner. Global and regional strain (2D and 3D) of the dominant ventricle in both groups was assessed using CMR feature-tracking. Correlations between cardiac function and strain data were assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient values. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CoV) were determined to evaluate repeatability and agreement. RESULTS: The 2D GLS showed significant differences between the Fontan repair patients and volunteers (- 16.49 ± 5.00 vs. -19.49 ± 2.03; p = 0.002). The 2D GRS and 2D GCS showed no significant differences between two groups. 2D GRS: 38.96 ± 14.48 vs. 37.46 ± 7.77; 2D GCS: - 17.64 ± 5.00 vs. -16.89 ± 2.96, respectively; p > 0.05). The 3D global radial strain (GRS), global circumferential strain (GCS), and global longitudinal strain (GLS) showed significant differences between the Fontan repair patients and volunteers (3D GRS: 36.35 ± 16.72 vs. 44.96 ± 9.98; 3D GLS: - 8.86 ± 6.84 vs. -13.67 ± 2.44; 3D GCS: - 13.70 ± 7.84 vs. -18.01 ± 1.78; p < 0.05, respectively). The ejection fraction (EF) and 3D GCS were significantly associated (r = - 0.491, p = 0.004). The 3D GCS showed correlations with the indexed end-diastolic volume (EDV) (r = 0.523, p = 0.002) and indexed end-systolic volume (ESV) (r = 0.602, p < 0.001). 3D strain showed good reproducibility, with GCS showing the best inter-observer agreement (ICC = 0.87 and CoV = 5.15), followed by GLS (ICC = 0.84 and CoV = 5.36). CONCLUSIONS: 3D GCS is feasible, highly reproducible, and strongly correlated with conventional cardiac function measures. 3D GCS assessments may be useful for monitoring abnormal myocardial motion in patients with Fontan circulation.
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Cardiopatías/cirugía , Corazón/diagnóstico por imagen , Imagen por Resonancia Cinemagnética/métodos , Adolescente , Niño , Ecocardiografía Tridimensional , Estudios de Factibilidad , Femenino , Procedimiento de Fontan , Corazón/fisiopatología , Cardiopatías/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Volumen SistólicoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The use of native T1 mapping for evaluation of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is being explored, and its combination with histogram analysis may benefit the accuracy of such assessments. PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship of segmental left ventricular wall thickness (LVWT), myocardial fibrosis, and strain parameters with segmental histogram parameters of native T1 mapping in HCM patients. STUDY TYPE: Retrospective. SUBJECTS: Ninety-three HCM patients without previous cardiovascular diseases were included. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: 3.0T cardiac MR. Steady-state free precession cine imaging, modified Look-Locker inversion recovery, phase-sensitive inversion recovery. ASSESSMENT: Images were assessed by three experienced radiologists. STATISTICAL TESTS: Mann-Whitney U-tests, area under the curve (AUC), Spearman's rank correlation, intraclass correlation coefficient, and Bland-Altman test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: A higher LVWT value correlated with higher means, minimums, 10th /25th /50th /75th /90th percentiles, maximums, kurtosis, entropy, and lower SD and energy of T1 mapping (P < 0.05 for all), with the correlation being stronger for entropy and energy (Spearman's rho = 0.439 and -0.413, respectively) than other parameters. Late gadolinium enhancement positive (LGE+) segments exhibited higher mean, minimum, 10th /25th /50th /75th /90th percentiles, maximum, entropy, and lower energy of T1 times than late gadolinium enhancement negative (LGE-) segments (P < 0.001 for all). Impaired strain function parameters (peak thickening and thickening rate in radial, circumferential, and longitudinal directions) demonstrated a weak correlation with higher entropy (P < 0.001 for all) and lower energy (P < 0.001 for all). DATA CONCLUSION: Histogram parameters of native T1 mapping provide more information than mean T1 times alone. Among these parameters, entropy and energy may correlate better with LVWT, myocardial late gadolinium enhancement, and strain parameters than mean T1 times in HCM patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2 Technical Efficacy Stage: 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:668-677.
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Cardiomiopatía Hipertrófica/diagnóstico por imagen , Gadolinio/química , Ventrículos Cardíacos/diagnóstico por imagen , Imagen por Resonancia Cinemagnética , Miocardio/patología , Anciano , Área Bajo la Curva , Medios de Contraste/química , Registros Electrónicos de Salud , Femenino , Fibrosis , Humanos , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Variaciones Dependientes del Observador , Curva ROC , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Most ABC transporters are engaged in transport of various compounds, but its subfamily F lacks transmembrane domain essential for chemical transportation. Thus the function of subfamily F remains further elusive. RESULTS: Here, we identified General Control Non-Repressible 20 (GCN20), a member of subfamily F, as new factor for DNA damage repair in root growth. While gcn20-1 mutant had a short primary root with reduced meristem size and cell number, similar primary root lengths were assayed in both wild-type and GCN20::GCN20 gcn20-1 plants, indicating the involvement of GCN20 in root elongation. Further experiments with EdU incorporation and comet assay demonstrated that gcn20-1 displays increased cell cycle arrest at G2/M checkpoint and accumulates more damaged DNA. This is possible due to impaired ability of DNA repair in gcn20-1 since gcn20-1 seedlings are hypersensitive to DNA damage inducers MMC and MMS compared with the wild type plants. This note was further supported by the observation that gcn20-1 is more sensitive than the wild type when subjected to UV treatment in term of changes of both fresh weight and survival rate. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that GCN20 functions in primary root growth by modulating DNA damage repair in Arabidopsis. Our study will be useful to understand the functions of non-transporter ABC proteins in plant growth.
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Transportadoras de Casetes de Unión a ATP/metabolismo , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/genética , Reparación del ADN , Transportadoras de Casetes de Unión a ATP/genética , Arabidopsis/citología , Arabidopsis/crecimiento & desarrollo , Arabidopsis/efectos de la radiación , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Ciclo Celular , Daño del ADN , ADN de Plantas/genética , Genes Reporteros , Meristema/citología , Meristema/genética , Meristema/crecimiento & desarrollo , Meristema/efectos de la radiación , Raíces de Plantas/citología , Raíces de Plantas/genética , Raíces de Plantas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Raíces de Plantas/efectos de la radiación , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente , Rayos UltravioletaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is sensitive to myocardial fibrosis in ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy. PURPOSE: To explore the prognostic value of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for detecting myocardial fibrosis and its relationship to the contractile function in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). STUDY TYPE: Prospective. POPULATION: A total of 45 HCM patients and 20 controls. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: 3.0T cardiac MRI. The cardiac MR sequences included cine, T1 mapping, and DWI. ASSESSMENT: According to the presence of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and the extracellular volume (ECV) values (+2 SD of control subjects), respectively, reader W and reader J assessed the value of ADC of each segment for detecting myocardial fibrosis and its relationship to impaired contractile function in HCM patients. STATISTICAL TESTS: Independent sample t-test, Pearson analysis, and intraclass correlation (ICC). RESULTS: The value of ECV was 23.6 ± 3.0% for control. ECV ≥ 29.6% and ECV < 29.6% groups were classified. ADC values in the ECV ≥ 29.6% group were significantly increased compared to the ECV < 29.6% group, (2.41 ± 0.23 µm2 /ms vs. 2.03 ± 0.16 µm2 /ms, P < 0.005). Compared to the LGE - group, ECV (32.1 ± 2.3% vs. 29.0 ± 2.8%, P < 0.005) and ADC (2.60 ± 0.18 µm2 /ms vs. 2.10 ± 0.07 µm2 /ms, P < 0.005) values were significantly increased in the LGE + group. ADC values were linearly associated with ECV values (R2 = 0.65) in HCM patients. ADC values were linearly associated with circumferential and longitudinal strain (R2 = 0.60, R2 = 0.46), as well as circumferential, longitudinal, and radial strain rate (R2 = 0.13, R2 = 0.25, R2 = 0.17, respectively). DATA CONCLUSION: Contractile dysfunction in HCM is predominantly associated with ADC, which is a feasible alternative to ECV and LGE for detecting myocardial fibrosis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;48:1139-1146.
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Cardiomiopatía Hipertrófica/diagnóstico por imagen , Imagen de Difusión por Resonancia Magnética , Corazón/diagnóstico por imagen , Imagenología Tridimensional , Imagen por Resonancia Cinemagnética , Contracción Miocárdica , Miocardio/patología , Adulto , Medios de Contraste , Femenino , Fibrosis , Humanos , Interpretación de Imagen Asistida por Computador , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Estudios Prospectivos , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
Increased fatty acid ß-oxidation is essential for early postgerminative growth in seedlings, but high levels of H2 O2 produced by ß-oxidation can induce oxidative stress. Whether and how catalase (CAT) functions in fine-tuning H2 O2 homeostasis during seedling growth remain unclear. Here, we report that CAT2 functions in early seedling growth. Compared to the wild type, the cat2-1 mutant, with elevated H2 O2 levels, exhibited reduced root elongation on sucrose (Suc)-free medium, mimicking soils without exogenous sugar supply. Treatment with the H2 O2 scavenger potassium iodide rescued the mutant phenotype of cat2-1. In contrast to the wild type, the cat2-1 mutant was insensitive to the CAT inhibitor 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole in terms of root elongation when grown on Suc-free medium, suggesting that CAT2 modulates early seedling growth by altering H2 O2 accumulation. Furthermore, like cat2-1, the acyl-CoA oxidase (ACX) double mutant acx2-1 acx3-6 showed repressed root elongation, suggesting that CAT2 functions in early seedling growth by regulating ACX activity, as this activity was inhibited in cat2-1. Indeed, decreased ACX activity and short root of cat2-1 seedlings grown on Suc-free medium were rescued by overexpressing ACX3. Together, these findings suggest that CAT2 functions in early seedling growth by scavenging H2 O2 and stimulating ACX2/3 activity.
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Acil-CoA Oxidasa/metabolismo , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/crecimiento & desarrollo , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/metabolismo , Germinación , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Plantones/crecimiento & desarrollo , Ácido 2,4-Diclorofenoxiacético/análogos & derivados , Ácido 2,4-Diclorofenoxiacético/farmacología , Amitrol (Herbicida)/farmacología , Arabidopsis/efectos de los fármacos , Arabidopsis/enzimología , Arabidopsis/genética , Germinación/efectos de los fármacos , Mutación/genética , Raíces de Plantas/efectos de los fármacos , Raíces de Plantas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente , Yoduro de Potasio/farmacología , Plantones/efectos de los fármacos , SacarosaRESUMEN
The development of the plant root system is highly plastic, which allows the plant to adapt to various environmental stresses. Salt stress inhibits root elongation by reducing the size of the root meristem. However, the mechanism underlying this process remains unclear. In this study, we explored whether and how auxin and nitric oxide (NO) are involved in salt-mediated inhibition of root meristem growth in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) using physiological, pharmacological, and genetic approaches. We found that salt stress significantly reduced root meristem size by down-regulating the expression of PINFORMED (PIN) genes, thereby reducing auxin levels. In addition, salt stress promoted AUXIN RESISTANT3 (AXR3)/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID17 (IAA17) stabilization, which repressed auxin signaling during this process. Furthermore, salt stress stimulated NO accumulation, whereas blocking NO production with the inhibitor N(ω)-nitro-l-arginine-methylester compromised the salt-mediated reduction of root meristem size, PIN down-regulation, and stabilization of AXR3/IAA17, indicating that NO is involved in salt-mediated inhibition of root meristem growth. Taken together, these findings suggest that salt stress inhibits root meristem growth by repressing PIN expression (thereby reducing auxin levels) and stabilizing IAA17 (thereby repressing auxin signaling) via increasing NO levels.
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Arabidopsis/anatomía & histología , Arabidopsis/fisiología , Ácidos Indolacéticos/metabolismo , Meristema/anatomía & histología , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Cloruro de Sodio/farmacología , Estrés Fisiológico/efectos de los fármacos , Arabidopsis/efectos de los fármacos , Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/efectos de los fármacos , Meristema/efectos de los fármacos , Meristema/genética , Tamaño de los Órganos/efectos de los fármacos , Estabilidad Proteica/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Experimental measurements have been combined with molecular simulations to investigate the adsorption and separation of aniline/phenol mixtures from aqueous solutions by the aluminum terephthalate MIL-53. The results show that the framework flexibility of this material plays a crucial role in the adsorption process and thus can greatly enhance the separation of the aniline/phenol mixture from their solutions. Compared with the conventional adsorbents, MIL-53(Al) shows the best performance for such systems of interest, from the points of view of both the adsorption capacities and the selectivities for aniline. The findings obtained in this work may facilitate more investigations in connection with the application of flexible nanoporous materials for the separation of organic compounds from liquid-phase environments.
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OBJECTIVE: The current study was performed to explore the impact of post materials as well as the inner shoulder retention form (ISRF) design on the biomechanical behavior of endodontically treated premolars without ferrule restoration using a method of mathematical three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA). METHODS: Based on the tooth anatomy and our previous research, eight mandibular second premolar FEA models representing different restorative situations were built: teeth with (a) 2.0 mm height ferrule (DF), (b) no ferrule (NF), (c) 0.5 mm width and 0.5 mm depth ISRF (ISRFW0.5D0.5), (d) 0.5 mm width and 1.0 mm depth ISRF (ISRFW0.5D1.0), (e) 0.5 mm width and 1.5 mm depth ISRF (ISRFW0.5D1.5), (f) 1.0 mm width and 0.5 mm depth ISRF (ISRFW1.0D0.5), (g) 1.0 mm width and 1.0 mm depth ISRF (ISRFW1.0D1.0), (h) 1.0 mm width and 1.5 mm depth ISRF (ISRFW1.0D1.5). All groups were restored with prefabricated glass fiber post and resin composite core (PGF), one-piece glass fiber post-and-core (OGF) and cast Co-Cr alloy (Co-Cr) respectively, and the zirconia crown was restored. Load (180N) was subjected to the buccal cusp at 45° to the tooth's long axis. Stress pattern, maximum principal stress values (MPS), and maximum displacement values on root, post and core, cement layer were calculated for each model. RESULTS: Stress distributions were similar while the values were different among groups. Regardless of restorative approaches, roots restored with PGF showed the highest MPS values, followed by OGF and Co-Cr groups. Regardless of post materials, NF groups resulted in the highest MPS values and maximum displacement values, while ISRF and DF groups exhibited similar results. Compared with PGF groups in association with ISRF, except for OGF with ISRFW0.5D0.5, the remaining OGF groups with ISRF and all Co-Cr groups in association with ISRF presented lower values than that of DF groups. And among different ISRF systems, roots restored with ISRFW1.0D1.0 presented the lowest stress (PGF: 32.96 MPa, OGF: 31.69 MPa, Co-Cr: 29.66 MPa). CONCLUSIONS: For endodontically treated premolars without ferrule, restored with OGF in combination with ISRF preparation could effectively enhanced its load-bearing capacity. Furthermore, the ISRF with a depth and width of 1.0 mm is recommended.
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Análisis de Elementos Finitos , Diente Molar , EndodonciaRESUMEN
We aimed to assess left atrial (LA) strain before LA dilatation in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF) compared with healthy controls. We also determined the effects of right atrial (RA) dilatation on LA performance using cardiovascular magnetic resonance-feature tracking (CMR-FT). Forty-nine pediatric patients with rTOF and 36 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were prospectively recruited between June 2017 and August 2019. Balanced steady-state free precession (2D b-SSFP) cine, 2D late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and phase-contrast (PC) sequences were acquired on 1.5 and 3.0 Tesla scanners. Both ventricular and atrial volumes and ejection fraction were measured. Left ventricular (LV) strain and diastolic strain rates were evaluated between the rTOF patient and control groups. LA reservoir (Æs), conduit (Æe), and booster strain (Æa) were determined at LV end-systole, LV diastasis, and pre-LA systole, respectively. The first derivatives of the respective strains yielded corresponding peak strain rates. Statistical analysis was performed using the t-test and Mann-Whitney test for parametric and non-parametric variables, respectively. Correlations were assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient for normally distributed variables and Spearman's correlation coefficient for non-parametric data. Intra-observer and inter-observer variabilities of LA strain and strain rate measurements were determined from ten randomly selected rTOF patients and ten control subjects. LA strain was significantly lower in patients with rTOF compared with controls (Æs, P < 0.001; Æe, P = 0.002; Æa, P < 0.001). The correlations between LA strain and RA stroke volume indices (SVi) and RA ejection fraction (EF) were moderate (Æs and SVi, r = 0.538, P < 0.001; Æs and RA EF, r = 0.493, P < 0.001; Æe and SVi, r = 0.532, P < 0.001; Æe and RA EF, r = 0.466, P < 0.001). LA strain and strain rates had good reproducibility in intra-observer and inter-observer analyses. LA strain and strain rates decreased in pediatric patients with rTOF compared with controls before LA enlargement. A dysfunction in LA performance might precede LV dysfunction in patients with rTOF, even in the early stages after repair.
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Tetralogía de Fallot , Función del Atrio Izquierdo , Niño , Medios de Contraste , Gadolinio , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Imagen por Resonancia Cinemagnética , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tetralogía de Fallot/diagnóstico por imagen , Tetralogía de Fallot/cirugíaRESUMEN
Objectives: To quantify the integrated levels of ACE2 and TMPRSS2, the two well-recognized severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) entry-related genes, and to further identify key factors contributing to SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC). Methods: We developed a metric of the potential for tissue infected with SARS-CoV-2 ("TPSI") based on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 transcript levels and compared TPSI levels between tumor and matched normal tissues across 11 tumor types. For further analysis of HNSC, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), functional analysis, and single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) were conducted to investigate TPSI-relevant biological processes and their relationship with the immune landscape. TPSI-related factors were identified from clinical and mutational domains, followed by lasso regression to determine their relative effects on TPSI levels. Results: TPSI levels in tumors were generally lower than in the normal tissues. In HNSC, the genes highly associated with TPSI were enriched in viral entry-related processes, and TPSI levels were positively correlated with both eosinophils and T helper 17 (Th17) cell infiltration. Furthermore, the site of onset, human papillomaviruses (HPV) status, and nuclear receptor binding SET domain protein 1 (NSD1) mutations were identified as the most important factors shaping TPSI levels. Conclusions: This study identified the infection risk of SARS-CoV-2 between tumor and normal tissues, and provided evidence for the risk stratification of HNSC.
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Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina 2/genética , COVID-19/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/genética , Serina Endopeptidasas/genética , Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina 2/metabolismo , COVID-19/metabolismo , COVID-19/virología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/virología , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica/métodos , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/metabolismo , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/virología , Humanos , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa/métodos , SARS-CoV-2/metabolismo , SARS-CoV-2/fisiología , Serina Endopeptidasas/metabolismo , Internalización del VirusRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The following study evaluated the diagnostic value of myocardial perfusion in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and "infarct-like myocarditis" using Intravoxel Incoherent Motion-Diffusion Weighted Imaging (IVIM-DWI imaging). METHOD: CMR data from 20 patients with suspected AMI, 20 patients with "infarct-like myocarditis" and 20 volunteers were retrospectively analyzed. IVIM-DWI data were acquired using multi-b value single-shot spin-echo echo-planar imaging sequence. IVIM-DWI data were generated according to the 16-segments AHA-model. Cine sequences covering left and right ventricle in short axis and three long axis were analyzed using a dedicated tissue-tracking algorithm. RESULTS: Overall, the AMI T2+ segments exhibited decreased apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), ADCslow, ADC fast and f values (1.39 ± 0.23 µm2/ms, 1.36 ± 0.23 µm2/ms, 70.77 ± 7.04 µm2/ms, and 0.1243 ± 0.01, respectively) compared to infarct-like myocarditis T2+ (1.48 ± 0.11 µm2/ms, 1.44 ± 0.11 µm2/ms, 87.66 ± 12.50 µm2/ms, and 0.1411 ± 0.02, respectively) and normal controls (1.55 ± 0.07 µm2/ms, 1.52 ± 0.06 µm2/ms, 108.84 ± 4.06 µm2/ms, and 0.1599 ± 0.01, respectively) (all p < 0.05). In addition, AMI LGE+ segments showed significantly lower IVIM-DWI associated parameters (1.34 ± 0.21 µm2/ms, 1.31 ± 0.21 µm2/ms, 68.75 ± 6.33µm2/ms, and 0.1198 ± 0.01) compared to infarct-like myocarditis LGE+ (1.42 ± 0.06 µm2/ms, 1.38 ± 0.08 µm2/ms, 79.12 ± 5.70 µm2/ms, and 0.1313 ± 0.02) (p < 0.05). Moreover, left ventricular peak subendo and subepi radial, circumferential, and longitudinal strain were lower in AMI T2+ segments than in infarct-like myocarditis T2+ segments and normal controls (p < 0.05); AMI LGE+ segments exhibited the lowest strain in three orientations compared to other subgroups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These findings prove that IVIM-DWI may be used as a reliable sequence for evaluation of different myocardial perfusion patterns in AMI and infarct-like myocarditis. AMI may exhibit lower myocardial perfusion status compared to infarct-like myocarditis due to different pathophysiological process.
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Infarto del Miocardio , Miocarditis , Imagen de Difusión por Resonancia Magnética , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Movimiento (Física) , Infarto del Miocardio/diagnóstico por imagen , Miocarditis/diagnóstico por imagen , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression patterns and prognostic characteristics of inflammasome-related genes (IRGs) across cancer types and develop a robust biomarker for the prognosis of KIRC. METHODS: The differentially expressed IRGs and prognostic genes among 10 cancers were analyzed based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. Subsequently, an IRGs risk signature was developed in KIRC. Its prognostic accuracy was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The independent predictive capacity was identified by stratification survival and multivariate Cox analyses. The gene ontology (GO) analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed to explore biological functions of the IRGs signature in KIRC. RESULTS: The expression patterns and prognostic association of IRGs varied from different cancers, while KIRC showed the most abundant survival-related dysregulated IRGs. The IRG signature for KIRC was able to independently predict survival, and the signature genes were mainly involved inimmune-related processes. CONCLUSIONS: The pan-cancer analysis provided a comprehensive landscape of IRGs across cancer types and identified a strong association between IRGs and the prognosis of KIRC. Further IRGs signature represented a reliable prognostic predictor for KIRC and verified the prognostic value of inflammasomes in KIRC, contributing to our understanding of therapies targeting inflammasomes for human cancers.
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BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the associations between cardiac strain, cardiac torsion, ventricular volumes, and ventricular ejection fraction, with N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels in Fontan patients who were age- and gender-matched with healthy control subjects. METHODS: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) studies performed in 22 (15 male, 7 female) patients with single-ventricle physiology (all morphological left ventricles) palliated with Fontan and 17 (10 male, 7 female) age- and gender-matched healthy children volunteers were retrospectively analyzed. Serum NT-proBNP levels were obtained in Fontan subjects. Standard post-processing of CMR images included systemic ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, stroke volume, cardiac mass, atrioventricular regurgitation, and ejection fraction. CMR tissue tracking (TT) software was used to quantify global longitudinal strain (GLS), global radial strain (GRS), and global circumferential strain (GCS) and torsion of the systemic ventricle. Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients were used in comparisons of correlations between NT-proBNP and functional parameters in repair Fontan patients. Intra-observer and inter-observer variability of CMR strain and torsion values were determined from 10 randomly selected Fontan subjects and 10 randomly selected control subjects. RESULTS: GLS was significantly lower in Fontan patients than in control subjects (-15.19±2.94 vs. -19.97±1.70; P<0.001). GLS was not significantly different between normal NT-proBNP levels and high NT-proBNP levels in Fontan patients (-15.59±2.72 vs. -14.62±3.32; P=0.462). The GCS of repair Fontan patients was not significantly lower than that of the control group (-16.76±3.27 vs. -17.88±2.26; P=0.235). GCS was significantly different between normal and high NT-proBNP levels group in Fontan patients (-17.95±2.43 vs. -15.04±3.67; P=0.036). The peak systolic torsion and peak systolic torsion rates were significantly lower in Fontan patients than in control subjects (0.81±0.41 vs. 1.07±0.36, P=0.044; 7.36±3.41 vs. 9.85±2.61, P=0.017). Peak systolic torsion was significantly lower in Fontan patients with normal NT-proBNP levels than in high NT-proBNP subjects (0.67±0.43 vs. 1.01±0.29; P=0.036). GCS and torsion were more strongly correlated with NT-proBNP in the patient group (r=0.541 for GCS; r=0.588 for torsion, P<0.01). The parameters of strain and torsion could be reproduced with sufficient accuracy by intra-observer agreement(biases =0.04 for GLS; biases =0.66 for GCS; biases =1.03 for GRS; biases =0.04 for torsion) and inter-observer agreement (biases =0.32 for GLS; biases =0.85 for GCS; biases =1.52 for GRS; biases =0.18 for torsion). CONCLUSIONS: GLS is an earlier marker of contractile dysfunction in repair Fontan patients. Peak systolic torsion may be a biomarker for determining subclinical dysfunction, as it is more strongly correlated with serum biomarkers of ventricular function than ventricular size or ejection fraction.
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Background Left ventricular (LV) involvement is common in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). We aim to evaluate LV involvement in ARVC patients by cardiovascular magnetic resonance feature tracking. Methods and Results Sixty-eight patients with ARVC and 30 controls were prospectively enrolled. ARVC patients were divided into 2 subgroups: the preserved LV ejection fraction (LVEF) group (LVEF ≥55%, n=27) and the reduced LVEF group (LVEF <55%, n=41). Cardiovascular magnetic resonance with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and cardiovascular magnetic resonance feature tracking were performed in all subjects. LV global and regional (basal, mid, apical) peak strain (PS) in radial, circumferential and longitudinal directions were assessed, respectively. Right ventricular global PS in three directions were also analyzed. Compared with the controls, LV global and regional PS were all significantly impaired in the reduced LVEF group (all P<0.05). However, only LV global longitudinal PS as well as mid and apical longitudinal PS were impaired in the preserved LVEF group (all P<0.05), and all these parameters were significantly associated with right ventricular global radial PS (r=-0.47, -0.47, and -0.49, respectively, all P<0.001). The reduced LVEF group showed significantly higher prevalence of LGE (95.10% versus 63.00%, P=0.002) than the preserved LVEF group. Moreover, LV radial PS was significantly reduced in LV segments with LGE (33.15±20.42%, n=46) than those without LGE (41.25±15.98%, n=386) in the preserved LVEF group (P=0.016). Conclusions In patients with ARVC, cardiovascular magnetic resonance feature tracking could detect early LV dysfunction, which was associated with LV myocardial LGE and right ventricular dysfunction.