RESUMEN
The ability to produce, reproducibly and systematically, well-defined quadruplex DNA nanowires through controlled rational design is poorly understood despite potential utility in structural nanotechnology. The programmed hierarchical self-assembly of a long four-stranded DNA nanowire through cohesive self-assembly of GpC and CpG "sticky" ends is reported. The encoding of bases within the quadruplex stem allows for an uninterrupted π-stacking system with rectilinear propagation for hundreds of nanometers in length. The wire is mechanically stable and features superior nuclease resistance to double-stranded DNA. The study indicates the feasibility for programmed assembly of uninterrupted quadruplex DNA nanowires. This is fundamental to the systematic investigation of well-defined DNA nanostructures for uses in optoelectronic and electronic devices as well as other structural nanotechnology applications.
Asunto(s)
ADN/química , G-Cuádruplex , Nanotecnología , Nanocables/química , Electrónica , Nanoestructuras/químicaAsunto(s)
Dicroismo Circular/métodos , G-Cuádruplex , Ácidos Nucleicos/química , Espectrofotometría Ultravioleta/métodos , Absorción , G-Cuádruplex/efectos de la radiación , Modelos Moleculares , Conformación de Ácido Nucleico , Ácidos Nucleicos/efectos de la radiación , Espectrofotometría Ultravioleta/instrumentación , Rayos UltravioletaRESUMEN
As the first line of host defense, neutrophils are stimulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines from resting state, facilitating the execution of immunomodulatory functions in activation state. Sulfhydryl modification has a regulatory role in a wide variety of physiological functions through mediation of signaling transductions in various cell types. Recent research suggested that two kinds of sulfhydryl modification, S-nitrosylation by exogenous nitric oxide (NO) and alkylation by N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), could induce calcium entry through a non-store-operated pathway in resting rat neutrophils and DDT1MF-2 cells, while in active human neutrophils a different process has been observed by us. In the present work, data showed that NEM induced a sharp rising of cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca²âº](c)) without external calcium, followed by a second [Ca²âº](c) increase with readdition of external calcium in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-activated human neutrophils. Meanwhile, addition of external calcium did not cause [Ca²âº](c) change of Ca²âº-free PMA-activated neutrophils before application of NEM. These data indicated that NEM could induce believable store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) in PMA-activated neutrophils. Besides, we found that sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a donor of exogenous NO, resulted in believable SOCE in PMA-activated human neutrophils via S-nitrosylation modification. In contrast, NEM and SNP have no effect on [Ca²âº](c) of resting neutrophils which were performed in suspension. Furthermore, 2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate, a reliable blocker of SOCE and an inhibitor of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor, evidently abolished SNP and NEM-induced calcium entry at 75 µM, while preventing calcium release in a concentration-dependent manner. Considered together, these results demonstrated that NEM and SNP induced calcium entry through an IP3-sensitive store-operated pathway of human neutrophils via sulfhydryl modification in a PMA-induced activation-dependent manner.