Construction of Ultrafine PtIr Clusters Supported on Co3O4 Nanoflowers for Enhanced Overall Water Splitting.

Green hydrogen production through electrochemical overall water splitting has suffered from sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) kinetics, inferior conversion efficiency, and high cost. Herein, ultrafine PtIr clusters are synthesized via an electrodeposition method and decorated on the Co3O4 nanoflowers assembled by nanowires (PtIr-Co3O4). The encouraging performances in electrochemical OER and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are achieved over the PtIr-Co3O4 catalyst, with the overpotentials as low as 410 and 237 mV at 100 mA cm-2, respectively, outperforming the commercial IrO2 and Pt/C catalysts. Due to the ultralow loading of PtIr clusters, the PtIr-Co3O4 catalyst exhibits 1270 A gIr -1 for OER at the overpotential of 400 mV. Our detailed analyses also show that the strong interactions between the ultrafine PtIr clusters and the Co3O4 nanoflowers enable the PtIr-Co3O4 catalyst to afford 10 mA cm-2 for the overall water splitting at the potential of 1.57 V, accompanied by high durability for 100 h.

Common complications and prevention strategies for resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta: A narrative review.

Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is considered a key measure of treatment due to its use in stabilizing patients in shock through temporary inflow occlusion for noncompressible torso hemorrhage as well as its supportive role in myocardial and cerebral perfusion. Although its clinical efficacy in trauma has been widely recognized, concerns over related complications, such as vascular access and ischemia-reperfusion, are on the rise. This paper aims to investigate complications associated with REBOA and identify current and emerging prevention or mitigation strategies through a literature review based on human or animal data. Common complications associated with REBOA include ischemia/reperfusion injuries, vessel injuries, venous thromboembolism, and worsening proximal bleeding. REBOA treatment outcomes can be improved substantially with the help of precise selection of patients, better visualization tools, improvement in balloon catheters, blockage strategies, and medication intervention measures. Better understanding of REBOA-related complications and further research on the strategies to mitigate the occurrence of such complications will be of vital importance for the optimization of the clinical outcomes in patients.