SIRT1 deacetylates mitochondrial trifunctional enzyme α subunit to inhibit ubiquitylation and decrease insulin resistance.

Dysregulation of free acid metabolism is a major contributor to the development of insulin resistance and diabetes. Mitochondrial trifunctional enzyme subunit (MTPα) has a critical role in fatty acid ß-oxidation. However, the association between MTPα and insulin resistance is not definitively known. Here, we aimed to determine how MTPα affects insulin resistance. We tested how MTPα affected glucose uptake in insulin-resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytes and white adipose tissue (WAT) of db/db diabetic mice. We also measured how acetylation and ubiquitylation modifications regulated MTPα activation and stability, using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions, immunoblotting, and immunoprecipitation. We found that MTPα overexpression promoted glucose uptake via Glut4 translocation to the plasma membrane in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, MTPα upregulation decreased glycemia in db/db mice. Deacetylation increased MTPα protein stability and its ability to reduce insulin resistance. The activation of SIRT1, a major deacetylase, prevented MTPα degradation by decreasing its acetylation in adipocytes. Our study demonstrates a new role for MTPα in reducing insulin resistance. Acetylation and ubiquitylation modifications of MTPα were crucial to regulating its function in glucose metabolism.

Fracture Mechanics Method for Word Embedding Generation of Neural Probabilistic Linguistic Model.

Word embedding, a lexical vector representation generated via the neural linguistic model (NLM), is empirically demonstrated to be appropriate for improvement of the performance of traditional language model. However, the supreme dimensionality that is inherent in NLM contributes to the problems of hyperparameters and long-time training in modeling. Here, we propose a force-directed method to improve such problems for simplifying the generation of word embedding. In this framework, each word is assumed as a point in the real world; thus it can approximately simulate the physical movement following certain mechanics. To simulate the variation of meaning in phrases, we use the fracture mechanics to do the formation and breakdown of meaning combined by a 2-gram word group. With the experiments on the natural linguistic tasks of part-of-speech tagging, named entity recognition and semantic role labeling, the result demonstrated that the 2-dimensional word embedding can rival the word embeddings generated by classic NLMs, in terms of accuracy, recall, and text visualization.

A novel ultrasonic thermotherapy instrument.

An structure is proposed for fabricating a portable prototype apparatus, using the embedded control technique based on ARM core, which has a simple structure and small size. The hardware is easily updated and maintained due to its modular structure, the software has a visualized interface and hierarchical design mode, so the apparatus has a good peculiarity like compact structure and control. Moreover, the build-in PID algorithm for temperature control and the power driver element for ultrasonic output power have been optimized the experiment results demonstrate that using this structure and optimization method. Due to the speed of data collecting by parallel interface is much quick than the speed of data collecting by serial interface, so a reliable performance of this apparatus can be achieved, which can meet with the need of clinical application.