Enhancing head and neck tumor management with artificial intelligence: Integration and perspectives.

Head and neck tumors (HNTs) constitute a multifaceted ensemble of pathologies that primarily involve regions such as the oral cavity, pharynx, and nasal cavity. The intricate anatomical structure of these regions poses considerable challenges to efficacious treatment strategies. Despite the availability of myriad treatment modalities, the overall therapeutic efficacy for HNTs continues to remain subdued. In recent years, the deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare practices has garnered noteworthy attention. AI modalities, inclusive of machine learning (ML), neural networks (NNs), and deep learning (DL), when amalgamated into the holistic management of HNTs, promise to augment the precision, safety, and efficacy of treatment regimens. The integration of AI within HNT management is intricately intertwined with domains such as medical imaging, bioinformatics, and medical robotics. This article intends to scrutinize the cutting-edge advancements and prospective applications of AI in the realm of HNTs, elucidating AI's indispensable role in prevention, diagnosis, treatment, prognostication, research, and inter-sectoral integration. The overarching objective is to stimulate scholarly discourse and invigorate insights among medical practitioners and researchers to propel further exploration, thereby facilitating superior therapeutic alternatives for patients.

Double Droplets Impact an Inclined Superhydrophobic Surface.

The rebound dynamics of double droplets impacting an inclined superhydrophobic surface decorated with macro-ridges are investigated via lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) simulations. Four rebound regions are identified, that is, the no-coalescence-rebound (NCR), the partial-coalescence-rebound of the middle part bounces first (PCR-M), and the side part bounces first (PCR-S), as well as the complete-coalescence-rebound (CCR). The occurrence of the rebound regions strongly depends on the droplet arrangement, the center-to-center distance of the droplets, and the Weber number. Furthermore, the contact time is closely related to the rebound regions. The PCR-M region can significantly reduce the contact time because the energy dissipation in this region may decrease which can promote the rebound dynamic. Intriguingly, the contact time is also affected by the droplet arrangement; i.e., droplets arranged parallel to the ridge dramatically shorten the contact time since this arrangement increases the asymmetry of the liquid film. Therefore, for multidrop impact, the contact time can be effectively manipulated by changing the rebound region and the droplet arrangement. This work focuses on elucidating the wetting behaviors, rebound regions, and contact time of the multiple-droplet impacting an inclined superhydrophobic surface decorated with macro-ridges.

Comparative analysis of GoPro and digital cameras in head and neck flap harvesting surgery video documentation: an innovative and efficient method for surgical education.

BACKGROUND: An urgent need exists for innovative surgical video recording techniques in head and neck reconstructive surgeries, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where a surge in surgical procedures necessitates more skilled surgeons. This demand, significantly intensified by the COVID-19 pandemic, highlights the critical role of surgical videos in medical education. We aimed to identify a straightforward, high-quality approach to recording surgical videos at a low economic cost in the operating room, thereby contributing to enhanced patient care. METHODS: The recording was comprised of six head and neck flap harvesting surgeries using GoPro or two types of digital cameras. Data were extracted from the recorded videos and their subsequent editing process. Some of the participants were subsequently interviewed. RESULTS: Both cameras, set at 4 K resolution and 30 frames per second (fps), produced satisfactory results. The GoPro, worn on the surgeon's head, moves in sync with the surgeon, offering a unique first-person perspective of the operation without needing an additional assistant. Though cost-effective and efficient, it lacks a zoom feature essential for close-up views. In contrast, while requiring occasional repositioning, the digital camera captures finer anatomical details due to its superior image quality and zoom capabilities. CONCLUSION: Merging these two systems could significantly advance the field of surgical video recording. This innovation holds promise for enhancing technical communication and bolstering video-based medical education, potentially addressing the global shortage of specialized surgeons.

[Influence of different processing methods on volatile components of Atractylodis Rhizoma based on HS-GC-MS technology].

The volatile components of Atractylodis Rhizoma have obvious pharmacological effects and are considered to be the main dry components of Atractylodis Rhizoma. The differences of different processed products of Atractylodis Rhizoma were analyzed from the perspective of volatile oil changes to explain the reasons for dryness reduction and efficacy increase of Atractylodis Rhizoma after processing. HS-GC-MS technology was used to obtain the volatile components of raw Atractylodis Rhizoma, bran-fried Atractylodis Rhizoma, roasted Atractylodis Rhizoma, and rice-water processed Atractylodis Rhizoma under four different processes, and then SIMCA software was used to analyze the volatile oil components of Atractylodis Rhizoma and its different processed products. A total of 87 volatile components were identified in the HS-GC-MS results. A total of 76 volatile components were identified in raw products; 79 volatile components were identified in bran-fried Atractylodis Rhizoma; 70 volatile components were identified in Zhangbang rice-water processed Atractylodis Rhizoma; 81 volatile components were identified in roasted Atractylodis Rhizoma; 78 volatile components were identified in Hunan rice-water processed Atractylodis Rhizoma; 73 volatile components were identified in Jilin rice-water processed Atractylodis Rhizoma, and 77 volatile components were identified in Shanghai rice-water processed Atractylodis Rhizoma. Through multivariate statistical analysis, it was found that there were significant differences between the processed products of Atractylodis Rhizoma. Then, a total of 28 significant differential components between the symbiotic products and the six processed products were established by the OPLS-DA model. Among them, 11 volatile components that generally increased significantly after processing were α-pinene, phellandrene,(1S)-(+)-3-carene, o-isopropyltoluene, D-limonene, α-ocimene, α-isoterpinene, silphiperfol-5-ene,silphinene, γ-alkenyl, and germacrene B, which may be related to their synergistic effect. Five volatile components that generally decreased significantly after processing were ß-elemene, 1-methyl-4-(6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl) cyclohexa-1, 3-diene, ß-selinene,ß-sesquiphellandrene, and atractylon, which may be related to their dryness.

Cofluctuation analysis reveals aberrant default mode network patterns in adolescents and youths with autism spectrum disorder.

Resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) approaches provide informative estimates of the functional architecture of the brain, and recently-proposed cofluctuation analysis temporally unwraps FC at every moment in time, providing refined information for quantifying brain dynamics. As a brain network disorder, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was characterized by substantial alteration in FC, but the contribution of moment-to-moment-activity cofluctuations to the overall dysfunctional connectivity pattern in ASD remains poorly understood. Here, we used the cofluctuation approach to explore the underlying dynamic properties of FC in ASD, using a large multisite resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) dataset (ASD = 354, typically developing controls [TD] = 446). Our results verified that the networks estimated using high-amplitude frames were highly correlated with the traditional rsFC. Moreover, these frames showed higher average amplitudes in participants with ASD than those in the TD group. Principal component analysis was performed on the activity patterns in these frames and aggregated over all subjects. The first principal component (PC1) corresponds to the default mode network (DMN), and the PC1 coefficients were greater in participants with ASD than those in the TD group. Additionally, increased ASD symptom severity was associated with the increased coefficients, which may result in excessive internally oriented cognition and social cognition deficits in individuals with ASD. Our finding highlights the utility of cofluctuation approaches in prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders and verifies that the aberrant contribution of DMN to rsFC may underline the symptomatology in adolescents and youths with ASD.

Immunosuppressive alkaloids from Narcissus tazetta subsp. Chinensis and the mechanism of (+)-narciclasine in vitro and in vivo.

Three previously undescribed and sixteen known alkaloids were bioguidedly isolated from the bulbs of Narcissus tazetta subsp. chinensis (M.Roem.) Masamura & Yanagih. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data, including HRESIMS, NMR, and ECD. Eleven of the isolated alkaloids exhibited immunosuppressive activity on the proliferation of human T cells. (+)-Narciclasine (18) showed the most significantly suppressive activity with an IC50 value of 14 ± 5 nM. In vitro, (+)-narciclasine (18) blocked NF-κB signal transduction, but did not affect PI3K/AKT signal transduction. What was more, (+)-narciclasine significantly reduced ALT and AST levels and alleviated liver damage induced by ConA in AIH mouse model.

Isosilybin A exhibits anti-inflammatory properties in rosacea by inhibiting MAPK pathway and M1 macrophage polarization.

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, which is prone to flares and requires continuous management and treatment. However, long-term use of drugs can lead to additional adverse drug reactions. Based on the comorbid relationship between rosacea and Parkinson's disease, bioinformatics and network pharmacology analysis were used to identify a safer drug for rosacea. It has been demonstrated that ISA has an ameliorative impact on the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. The results demonstrated that ISA exhibited anti-inflammatory properties, including reducing erythema areas and inflammatory cell infiltration in rosacea-like mice models, and inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors in cellular inflammation models. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effect of ISA was associated with inhibition of the Erk, p38 and NF-κB signaling pathways and inhibition of macrophage polarization to M1 type. In addition, molecular docking and drug affinity responsive target stability experiment results indicated that VEGFA and RELA were the direct targets of ISA in the treatment for rosacea. In conclusion, these results suggested that ISA may be a potential therapeutic agent for rosacea.

Fever burden within 24 h after hematoma evacuation predicts early neurological deterioration in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage: a retrospective analysis.

Background: Early neurological deterioration after hematoma evacuation is closely associated with a poor prognosis in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. However, the relationship between body temperature after hematoma evacuation and early neurological deterioration remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to explore the possible relationship between body temperature and early neurological deterioration in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage after hematoma evacuation. Methods: We retrospectively collected data from patients with cerebral hemorrhage at our institute between January 2017 and April 2022. The Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and χ2 Test and Fisher's exact test were used to analyze the clinical baseline data. A univariate logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between the body temperature indices and early neurological deterioration. The predictive power was assessed using the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. The secondary outcome was a poor functional outcome. Results: Among 2,726 patients with intracerebral hemorrhage, 308 who underwent hematoma evacuation were included in the present analysis. A total of 82 patients (22.6%) developed early neurological deterioration. Univariate analysis showed that sex (p = 0.041); body temperature at 6 h (p = 0.005), 12 h (p = 0.01), and 24 h (p = 0.008) after surgery; duration of fever (p = 0.008); and fever burden (p < 0.001) were associated with early neurological deterioration. Multivariate logistic regression showed that fever burden was independently associated with early neurological deterioration (OR = 1.055 per °C × hour, 95%CI 1.008-1.103, p = 0.020). ROC showed that fever burden (AUC = 0.590; 95%CI: 0.514-0.666) could predict the occurrence of early neurological deterioration. Conclusion: Fever burden is associated with early neurological deterioration in intracerebral hemorrhage patients undergoing hematoma evacuation. Our findings add to previous evidence on the relationship between the fever burden and the occurrence of early neurological deterioration in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. Future studies with larger sample sizes are required to confirm these findings.

Low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma of the liver misdiagnosed as cystadenoma: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma (LGMS) is a rare malignant tumor. It has no specific clinical manifestations and commonly occurs in the head and neck, extremities and other body parts, with the liver not as its predisposing site. CASE SUMMARY: We report a case report of a 58-year-old man with right upper abdominal pain for 11 d. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT), CE magnetic resonance imaging and CE ultrasound (US) all showed a cystic-solid mass in the right liver. As the initial clinical diagnosis was hepatic cystadenoma, surgical resection was performed, and the postoperative pathology indicated hepatic LGMS. The 3-mo follow-up showed favorable recovery of the patient. However, at 7-mo follow-up, two-dimensional US and CECT showed a suspected metastatic lesion in the right-middle abdomen. CONCLUSION: Hepatic MS is particularly rare and easily misdiagnosed, more cases will contribute to the understanding and the diagnosis accuracy.

Molecular properties and immunomodulatory activities of a water-soluble heteropolysaccharide isolated from Plantago asiatica L. leaves.

This study aims at investigating physical-chemical properties of a water-soluble heteropolysaccharide from Plnatago asiatica L. leaves, and its immunomodulatory effects on macrophages RAW264.7 cells. Hot water-extracted crude polysaccharide from the plant leaves (PLLCP) was fractionated into four fractions by DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow eluted with 0.1-0.5 M NaCl solutions. The most abundant fraction (0.3 M NaCl elution), designated PLLP-2, was identified as a heteropolysaccharide with an average molecular weight (Mw) of 3.54 × 104 and composed mainly of Gal (34.4%), GalA (36.5%), Ara (10.1%) and Rha (8.4%). PLLP-2 was an acidic polysaccharide exhibiting inflaky curly aggregation with smooth surface. PLLCP and its main subfraction PLLP-2 displayed immunomodulatory activities by stimulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-1ß in macrophage RAW264.7 cells. These results indicate that the main polysaccharide fraction purified from P. asiatica L. leaves is probably pectin, and have potential immunomodulatory function.