RESUMEN
The identification of the molecular polymorphisms giving rise to phenotypic trait variability-both quantitative and qualitative-is a major goal of the present agronomic research. Various approaches such as positional cloning or transposon tagging, as well as the candidate gene strategy have been used to discover the genes underlying this variation in plants. The construction of functional maps, i.e. composed of genes of known function, is an important component of the candidate gene approach. In the present paper we report the development of 63 single nucleotide polymorphism markers and 15 single-stranded conformation polymorphism markers for genes encoding enzymes mainly involved in primary metabolism, and their genetic mapping on a composite map using two pea recombinant inbred line populations. The complete genetic map covers 1,458 cM and comprises 363 loci, including a total of 111 gene-anchored markers: 77 gene-anchored markers described in this study, 7 microsatellites located in gene sequences, 16 flowering time genes, the Tri gene, 5 morphological markers, and 5 other genes. The mean spacing between adjacent markers is 4 cM and 90% of the markers are closer than 10 cM to their neighbours. We also report the genetic mapping of 21 of these genes in Medicago truncatula and add 41 new links between the pea and M. truncatula maps. We discuss the use of this new composite functional map for future candidate gene approaches in pea.
Asunto(s)
Mapeo Cromosómico , Cromosomas de las Plantas , Medicago truncatula/genética , Modelos Biológicos , Pisum sativum/genética , ADN de Plantas/genética , Bases de Datos Genéticas , Flores/genética , Genes de Plantas/genética , Ligamiento Genético , Marcadores Genéticos , Genotipo , Medicago truncatula/crecimiento & desarrollo , Repeticiones de Microsatélite , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Polimorfismo Conformacional Retorcido-Simple , Selección Genética , SinteníaRESUMEN
We report the use of a traditional technique of rhinoplasty in the immediate assumption of responsibility of deep burn of the nasal edge which cannot be grafted. The limit of the realization of this gesture lies in the fact that it must exist nasal morphological characteristics at the patient. The two cases presented had an hypertrophic nose with osseous and/or cartilaginous bump. The reduction height of the osseo-cartilaginous frame allows closing the defect without cutaneous tension. One carries out a true excision-joining of the burn of the nasal dorsum. We note at one year of retreat, the discretion of the scar located on the centre line of the nose, the absence of after-effects as well as the cosmetic satisfaction of the patients with respect to the modifications morphological their noses.
Asunto(s)
Quemaduras/cirugía , Nariz/lesiones , Nariz/cirugía , Rinoplastia/métodos , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
The deep burns of the face can lead to horrible scars functionally and aesthetically. Treatment of these scars need several surgical interventions frequently and during many years. In our region we deal with this type of wounds as team work, multidisciplinary approach carrying out many process starting by emergency treatment of acute burns till the social rehabilitation. The expansion technique was great help in improving the shape of scars, by using the expanding skin as full thickness grafts. Reconstruction of the anatomical units and application of aesthetic techniques (like rhinoplasty, lifting, tattooing and autologous fat injections) participate equally in improving the quality of results. Many examples of treatments of burns scars are shown.