RESUMEN
Current studies on the immune microenvironment of colorectal cancer (CRC) were mostly limited to the tissue level, lacking relevant studies in the peripheral blood, and failed to describe its alterations in the whole process of adenocarcinoma formation, especially of adenoma carcinogenesis. Here, we constructed a large-scale population cohort and used the CyTOF to explore the changes of various immune cell subsets in peripheral blood of CRC. We found monocytes and basophils cells were significantly higher in adenocarcinoma patients. Compared with early-stage CRC, effector CD4+T cells and naive B cells were higher in patients with lymph node metastasis, whereas the basophils were lower. We also performed random forest algorithm and found monocytes play the key role in carcinogenesis. Our study draws a peripheral blood immune cell landscape of the occurrence and development of CRC at the single-cell level and provides a reference for other researchers.
RESUMEN
Hepatoid adenocarcinoma (HAC) is a rare, malignant, extrahepatic tumor with histologic features similar to those of hepatocellular carcinoma. HAC is most often associated with elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). HAC can occur in multiple organs, including the stomach, esophagus, colon, pancreas, lungs, and ovaries. HAC differs greatly from typical adenocarcinoma in terms of its biological aggression, poor prognosis, and clinicopathological characteristics. However, the mechanisms underlying its development and invasive metastasis remain unclear. The purpose of this review was to summarize the clinicopathological features, molecular traits, and molecular mechanisms driving the malignant phenotype of HAC, in order to support the clinical diagnosis and treatment of HAC.