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Background: We aimed to explore the inter-connection between depression and HRQOL dimensions in cancer patients using a network approach, which might provide new insights for precise interventions to improve cancer patients' overall HRQOL. Methods: Between June 1, 2016, and August 31, 2017, a total of 1735 eligible patients with heterogeneous types of cancer were recruited. The Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) were used to measure patients' depression status and HRQOL, respectively. A regularized partial correlation network was established. Central and bridge symptoms/functions were identified using expected influence and bridge expected influence. A directed acyclic graph (DAG) was used to explore the possible causal relationship between depression and HRQOL dimensions. Results: In this study, depression and 15 dimensions of the EORTC-QLQ-C30 scale were highly inter-correlated and could be represented as a network. We found that nearly two-thirds of cancer patients experienced various degrees of depression, and depression was consistently the central symptom in the network, in addition to nausea/vomiting, pain, and physical function. DAG and bridge symptoms indicated that depression might influence overall HRQOL in cancer patients mainly through emotional function, pain, physical function, and sleeplessness, particularly in cancer patients with moderate-to-severe depression. The disparity in network structures between mild and moderate-to-severe depression suggested that the relationship between depression and HRQOL dimensions might be bidirectional. Conclusion: The prevalence of depression remained high in Chinese patients with cancer, and depression may influence various symptoms and functions within the HRQOL network. Screening and early treatment of depression were warranted to improve the overall HRQOL of cancer patients, in addition to adequate treatment of pain and nausea/vomiting and improvement in physical function.
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Neoplasias , Calidad de Vida , Humanos , Depresión , Dolor , Náusea , Vómitos , ChinaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND:Bone tissue defects are one of the most common diseases in orthopedics,and the current treatments for this disease are inadequate.The development of tissue engineering brings new hope for bone defect repair:by regulating the release of bioactive substances and the process of vascularization and neurogenesis at the defect site,it can effectively improve the microenvironment of bone tissue and promote osseointegration,which is the most promising research idea for large-size bone defect repair. OBJECTIVE:To explore the research progress of regulating bone microenvironment changes in bone defect repair in recent years from the effects of bioactive substances,vascularization and neurotization on three aspects of bone microenvironment changes,and to provide new ideas and strategies for the treatment of large-size bone defects. METHODS:The search terms"bone tissue engineering,angiogenesis,neurotization,cytokines,bone morphogenetic protein,vascular endothelial growth factor,neuropeptides,bone microenvironment"in Chinese and English were used to search for articles on the influence of changes in the bone microenvironment and their application in bone tissue engineering published from January 1,2001 to December 31,2022 on CNKI,WanFang,Web of Science,Science Direct,and PubMed.Finally,109 articles were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The bone microenvironment is essential for the induction of bone tissue stem cell growth and differentiation,and mainly consists of the extracellular matrix of the bone tissue seeds and the biochemical factors required for intercellular interactions,the local blood circulation network and the surrounding nerve tissue.(2)Bone defect repair is a continuous process divided into multiple phases that overlap and are mediated by multiple cytokines,and the same cytokine can have mutually synergistic or antagonistic effects in one or more healing phases.(3)Neovascular regeneration is key to initiating bone repair,as neovascularisation not only provides essential nutrients,osteoblasts and growth factors for bone repair,but is also a gateway for repair cells to enter the injury zone.(4)In addition to regulating the type,dose and timeliness of vascular-inducing factor release to achieve blood transport reconstruction.The study of differential release delivery systems of multiple factors and the application of gene transfer technology will be the future research direction to solve large bone defects.(5)Neuropeptides can bind to relevant receptors and act on specific signaling pathways to guide vascular growth and influence bone healing,bone regeneration and the balance between osteogenesis and osteolysis through a variety of pathways.(6)In the establishment of neuralized tissue-engineered bone,the role of changes in the bone tissue microenvironment and neuromodulation is bidirectional.Cytokines in the bone matrix can participate in neuronal signaling pathways through the blood-nerve barrier.Neuropeptides secreted by glial cells act on the bone microenvironment,affecting bone healing,bone regeneration and the balance between osteogenesis and osteolysis.(7)There are still many questions regarding the regulation of the bone microenvironment by bioactive substances and the processes of vascularization and neurogenesis,such as the rapid diffusion and degradation of cytokines in the body and their loss of activity,the temporal and spatial distribution of angiogenesis-related growth factors,and the establishment of neurogenesis through the body's feedback regulatory mechanism,which need to be improved by subsequent studies.
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Objective To study the medication law of Professor Zhang Yunling in the treatment of headache based on data mining technology;To provide ideas for the clinical treatment of headache.Methods Professor Zhang Yunling's outpatient TCM prescription data for the treatment of headache from Sep.2017 to Dec.2020 were collected,and the Ancient and Modern Medical Record Cloud Platform 2.3.5 was used to mine the selected TCM prescriptions for herbal medicine frequency statistics,property,taste and meridian tropism statistics,herbal medicine efficacy statistics,correlation analysis,clustering analysis,complex network analysis,etc.Results Through collection and screening,totally 332 prescriptions were included,involving 178 kinds of Chinese materia medica,with a total frequency of 5 380 times.The top 10 kinds of Chinese materia medica were Chuanxiaong Rhizoma,Paeoniae Radix alba,Atractyodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma,Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum,Bambusae Caulis in Taenia,Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,Astragali Radix,Amomi Fructus Rotundus,Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum,and Polygalae Radix.They were mainly warm,mild and slightly cold in properties,sweet,pungent and bitter in tastes,and liver,lung,spleen meridian in meridian tropism.In the statistics of herbal medicine efficacy,expelling wind and relieving pain,suppressing liver yang,promoting blood circulation and qi,clearing heart and relieving restlessness,clearing heat and detoxifying,softening liver and relieving pain were used more frequently.The combinations in herbal medicines association included"Atractyodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma-Chuanxiaong Rhizoma","Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum-Paeoniae Radix alba","Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Paeoniae Radix alba","Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum-Chuanxiaong Rhizoma","Bambusae Caulis in Taenia-Chuanxiaong Rhizoma".Herbal medicines clustering clustered 32 kinds of high-frequency herbal medicines used more than 60 times into 6 categories.Complex network analysis screened out the core formula for the treatment of headache:Chuanxiaong Rhizoma,Paeoniae Radix alba,Atractyodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma,Bambusae Caulis in Taenia,Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum,Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum,Astragali Radix,Amomi Fructus Rotundus,and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma.Conclusion In the treatment of headache,Professor Zhang Yunling holds that the pathogenesis of headache is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality,deficiency of qi and blood,loss of nourishment of brain collaterals,stagnation of phlegm and dampness,disturbance of wind pathogen,obstruction of brain collaterals,and the location of the disease is related to the five viscera and involves the stomach.Focuses on tonifying deficiency and reducing excess,treats exterior and interior separately,and gives consideration to both the symptoms and the root causes,which often uses drugs to treat headache,such as dispelling wind and relieving pain,promoting blood circulation and relieving pain,relieving spasm and relieving pains,eliminating phlegm and dampness,invigorating qi and spleen,nourishing blood and yin,eliminating dampness and regulating stomach,relieving depression and restlessness,which can provide some reference for the clinical treatment of headache.
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Objective:To investigate the distribution law of TCM syndrome types and the differences in influencing factors among different syndrome types in unstable angina pectoris (UA), so as to provide an objective basis for TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment of UA.Methods:A retrospective study chose 1 684 inpatients in the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine from August 2015 to April 2019. Epidata 3.0 software was used to input general information of patients [gender, age, length of hospital stay, BMI, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP)], laboratory indicators[TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, fibrinogen (FIB), thrombin time (TT), D-dimer (D-dimer), HbA1c], TCM syndrome types (qi and yin deficiency syndrome, phlegm turbidity and obstruction syndrome, qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome, heart blood stasis syndrome, qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome, heart and kidney yang deficiency syndrome) and other information. A database was established to analyze the distribution of TCM syndrome types and the relationship with the general information of patients, blood lipids, blood sugar and coagulation indexes. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of different syndrome types.Results:The distribution of syndrome types in 1 684 UA patients was as follows: qi and yin deficiency syndrome (44.7%), phlegm turbidity and obstruction syndrome (35.3%), qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome (7.4%), heart blood stasis syndrome (5.3%), qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome (4.6%), heart and kidney yang deficiency syndrome (2.6%); more men than women ( P<0.05); there were significant differences in the distribution of gender, age, BMI, TC, and HDL-C among the 6 syndrome types ( P<0.05); the age of patients with phlegm turbidity and obstruction syndrome was younger than that of qi and yin deficiency syndrome and heart blood stasis syndrome ( P<0.05); the age of patients with qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome was younger than that of qi and yin deficiency syndrome, heart blood stasis syndrome, and heart kidney yang deficiency syndrome ( P<0.05); BMI of patients with phlegm turbidity and obstruction syndrome was higher than that of qi and yin deficiency syndrome and qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome ( P<0.05); the level of TC in patients with phlegm turbidity and obstruction syndrome was lower than that of qi and yin deficiency syndrome and qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome ( P<0.05); the level of HDL in patients with qi and yin deficiency syndrome was lower than that in qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome and qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome. Binary Logistic regression analysis found that TC [ OR(95% CI)=0.761(0.592, 0.978)] and HDL-C [ OR(95% CI)=2.131(1.145, 3.966)] were independent influencing factors for predicting qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome ( P<0.05); age[ OR(95% CI)=1.017 (1.008, 1.026)], length of hospital stay [ OR(95% CI)=1.019 (1.001, 1.038)], DBP [ OR(95% CI)=0.984(0.975, 0.993)] and HDL-C [ OR(95% CI)=0.984(0.975, 0.993)] were independent influencing factors for predicting qi and yin deficiency syndrome ( P<0.05); age [ OR(95% CI)=0.965 (0.946, 0.985)], and HDL-C [ OR(95% CI)=2.329(1.206, 4.500)] were independent influencing factors for predicting qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome ( P<0.05); age [ OR(95% CI)=0.982 (0.973, 0.991)], length of hospital stay [ OR(95% CI)= 0.978 (0.958, 0.997)], BMI [ OR(95% CI)=1.048 (1.015, 1.082)], DBP [ OR(95% CI)=1.014 (1.004, 1.024)] and HDL-C [ OR(95% CI)=0.505 (0.351, 0.726)] were independent influencing factors for predicting phlegm turbidity and obstruction syndrome ( P<0.05); age [ OR(95% CI)=1.031(1.003, 1.060)] and DBP [ OR(95% CI)=1.028(1.001, 1.056)] were independent influencing factors for predicting heart kidney yang deficiency syndrome ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The distribution of TCM syndrome types in UA shows a certain regularity, among which qi and yin deficiency syndrome and phlegm turbidity and obstruction syndrome are more common. Gender, age, BMI, TC, HDL-C are different among TCM syndrome types, which can provide some reference for UA TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment.
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ObjectiveTo summarize the thinking of treatment of headache based on syndrome differentiation by reviewing the literature of materia medica in the past dynasties, so as to guide the clinical practice. MethodAll the literature of materia medica in the Chinese Medical Dictionary, involving 76 works from Han to Qing Dynasties, were searched, and the information of the herbs for treating headache was extracted. According to Chinese Materia Medica (11th Edition) and Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (2020 Edition), the nature, taste, and meridian tropism of the selected herbs were statistically analyzed, and the syndrome elements of headache were classified and counted. In addition, the contents of syndrome differentiation and treatment of headache by different herbs were extracted. ResultFrom the 76 monographs of materia medica in the past dynasties, 114 herbs for treating headache were selected. The herbs mainly had cold or warm nature, pungent or bitter taste, and tropism to the lung and live meridians. The syndrome elements of headache treated by the herbs mainly included wind attack, fire disturbance, turbid obstruction, stagnation, cold coagulation, and healthy Qi deficiency. ConclusionHeadache is mainly treated with the herbs with the effects of dispelling pathogenic wind, clearing heat and purging fire, eliminating phlegm and resolving dampness, regulating Qi movement and activating blood, warming Yang and dispelling cold, and tonifying deficiency and reinforcing healthy Qi, and the herbs are often used in combinations. Headache is treated following the principles of dispelling wind and pathogen, regulating Qi and blood, and tonifying deficiency and purging excess, which is in line with the laws of obstruction and nutrient deficiency causing pain.
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This paper summarized Professor ZHANG Yunling's experience in the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) from emphasis on both spleen and kidney. It is considered that the characteristic of ALS manifested as overlap of atrophy-flaccidity disease and convulsive disease, and the core pathogenesis are the deficiency of spleen and kidney and the inner pathogenic qi. ZHANG advocated that ALS should be treated from tonifying both the spleen and kidney, as strong spleen and kidney led the latent pathogen at peace. Usually applied Huangqi (Astragalus mongholicus), Baizhu (Atractylodes macrocephala) combined with Taizishen (Pseudostellaria heterophylla), fried Yiyiren (Coix lacryma-jobi), Doukou (Myristica fragrans) and Sharen (Wurfbainia villosa) to tonify the middle and replenish qi, ascend lucidity and descend turbidity to invigorate the spleen; Roucongrong (Cistanche deserticola), Tusizi (Cuscuta chinensis) combined with Shanyao (Dioscorea oppositifolia), Shanzhuyu (Cornus officinalis) and prepared Dihuang (Rehmannia glutinosa) are used to support the fire and nourish the water, so as to replenish the spleen. The empirical formula regarded invigorateing the spleen and replenishing the kidney as the core therapeutic principle throughout the treatment of the whole process, which aimed at extinguishing inner wind and pacifying latent pathogen when treating the root.
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As the guiding theory for the diagnosis and treatment of encephalopathy in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), The marrow sea theory has important theoretical connotation and clinical value. This paper summarized the clinical research literature on the differentiation and treatment of common encephalopathy based on the marrow sea theory published in recent years, analyzed the treatment method and effects from eight aspects in terms of stroke, dizziness, insomnia, headache, constraint syndrome, dementia, tremor syndrome, and atrophy syndrome, and discussed the possible mechanism based on the relevant basic research. It is believed that marrow sea depletion is the common pathogenesis of encephalopathy in TCM. Guided by the method of supplementing essence and boosting marrow, the corresponding formulas and medicinals are recommended in accordance with differentiated syndromes, which can effectively improve the symptoms of the disease, delay the progression, increase the daily life ability of the patients, and improve the quality of life. Based on the marrow sea theory, the method of supplementing essence and boosting marrow, rectifying healthy qi and dispelling pathogen can be used to highlight the advantages of TCM and provide ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of encephalopathy in TCM.
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ObjectiveTo explore the medication rules of traditional Chinese medicine compounds for depression in the National Patent Database using data mining, and to provide ideas for the clinical treatment and the development of new drugs for depression. MethodsThe patent data of traditional Chinese medicine compounds for the treatment of depression were searched from inception to July 1st, 2022 on the Patent Publication Announcement website of China National Intellectual Property Administration. The selected traditional Chinese medicine compounds were analyzed by using the data mining section of the ancient and modern medical record cloud platform (V2.3.5) for drug frequency, and based on this, the nature, flavor, channel entry and function of the medicinals were analyzed. Representative high-frequency herbal combinations were obtained through correlation analysis, while the classification of Chinese medicine compounds for depression was analyzed by cluster analysis, and the core combinations of herbs for the treatment of depression were screened out using complex network analysis. ResultsA total of 325 Chinese medicine compounds were included, involving 452 herbs, with a total frequency of 3532 times. The top 10 mostly used herbs were Yujin (Radix Curcumae, 122 times), Chaihu (Radix Bupleuri, 122 times), Baishao (Radix Paeoniae Alba, 109 times), Suanzaoren (Spina Date Seed, 95 times), Fuling (Poria, 94 times), Danggui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis, 94 times), Yuanzhi (Radix Polygalae, 84 times), Baizhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, 72 times), Shichangpu (Rhizoma Acori Graminei, 71 times), and Danshen (Salvia Miltiorrhiza, 61 times). The natures of the herbs were mainly warm (998 times), neutral (944 times), slightly cold (596 times) and cold (497 times); the flavors were mainly sweet (1648 times), acrid (1392 times), and bitter (1337 times); the channels of entry were mainly liver (1695 times), heart (1521 times), spleen (1326 times) and lung (1268 times). The medicinals with the function of soothing liver to relieve constraint, moistening the intestines to promote defecation, calming the heart and the mind, moving qi to relieve constraint were used more frequently. The high frequency herbal combinations by association analysis included “Chaihu (Radix Bupleuri)→ Baishao (Radix Paeoniae Alba)”, “Danggui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis)→Chaihu (Radix Bupleuri)” and “Baishao (Radix Paeoniae Alba)→ Yujin (Radix Curcumae)”. The 22 high frequency medicinals used more than 40 times could be clustered into six categories. Complex network analysis found the core herbal combination for the treatment of depression was the formula of Chaihu (Radix Bupleuri), Yujin (Radix Curcumae), Baishao (Radix Paeoniae Alba), Danggui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis), Fuling (Poria), Suanzaoren (Spina Date Seed), and Xiangfu (Cyperi Rhizoma). ConclusionTraditional Chinese medicine compounds for the treatment of depression is mainly based on the pathogenesis of constraint, stasis and deficiency, focusing on the liver, heart, spleen and lung, commonly using medicinals with the function of soothing liver to relieve constraint, fortifying spleen and nourishing heart, regulating qi and invigorating blood, and moistening the intestines to promote defecation, which can provide a reference for the clinical treatment and new drug research and development for depression.
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ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Banxia Xiexintang containing intestinal absorption solution (BXCIAS) on migration and invasion of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs) in gastric cancer microenvironment. MethodThe complex solution (containing 0.63 g·mL-1 crude drug) was prepared. Gastric cancer cells were subjected to non-contact co-culture with PMN-MDSCs in Transwell chamber to create gastric cancer microenvironment. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to screen the optimal intervention concentration and time of BXCIAS on PMN-MDSCs for subsequent experiment. The blank group, model group, FAK inhibitor group, and BXCIAS groups (26%, 18%, and 10%) were designed. Scratch assay and Transwell assay were employed to detect the migration and invasion ability of PMN-MDSCs, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure the expression of vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in tumor microenvironment. The expression levels of PMN-MDSCs pathway-related proteins FAK, phosphorylated (p)-FAK, protein tyrosine kinase (Src), and p-Src were detected by Western blot. ResultThe inhibition rates of PMN-MDSCs by 5%, 50%, 75%, and 100% BXCIAS at 48 h were higher than those at 24 h (P<0.05, P<0.01). The inhibition rate of PMN-MDSCs by 50% BXCIAS at 72 h was lower than that at 48 h (P<0.01), and the inhibition rates by 5% and 100% BXCIAS at 72 h were higher than those at 48 h (P<0.05, P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the inhibition rate by other concentration levels at 48 h. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) at 48 h was 18.09%, indicating that 18% BXCIAS and 48 h were the optimal concentration and time, respectively. The migration distance of PMN-MDSCs was large (P<0.01), and the number of migrating and invading cells increased (P<0.01) in the mode group compared with those in the blank group. Compared with model group, FAK inhibitor and BXCIAS at different concentration decreased the migration distance of PMN-MDSCs (P<0.01), and the number of migrating and invading cells (P<0.01), especially the 26% BXCIAS (P<0.01). The expression of PMN-MDSCs pathway-related proteins FAK, p-FAK, Src and p-Src (P<0.01) and the expression of VEGF and MMP-9 (P<0.01) were higher in the model group than in the blank group. Compared with model group, FAK inhibitor and BXCIAS (26%, 18%, 10%) decreased the expression of FAK, p-FAK, and Src (P<0.01), and FAK inhibitor and 18% BXCIAS reduced the expression of p-Src (P<0.01), and the expression of VEGF and MMP-9 (P<0.01). ConclusionBXCIAS can inhibit the migration and invasion of PMN-MDSCs by down-regulating the expression of FAK, p-FAK, Src, and p-Src proteins in the FAK signaling pathway of PMN-MDSCs in gastric cancer microenvironment.
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ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Banxia Xiexintang (BXT)-containing intestinal absorption solution on the apoptosis of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs) in gastric cancer microenvironment. MethodBXT-containing intestinal absorption solution was prepared, and gastric cancer cells and PMN-MDSCs were non-contact co-cultured in Transwell chamber to establish gastric cancer microenvironment. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to screen the optimal intervention concentration and time of 0-100% BXT-containing intestinal absorption solution prepared by 0.63 g·mL-1 reconstitution solution. Cells were classified into blank group, model group, oxaliplatin group (10 mg·L-1), and BXT (26%, 18%, 10% BXT-containing intestinal absorption solution) group, and the apoptosis of PMN-MDSCs was detected by flow cytometry. The expression of apoptosis-related B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), and cysteine-aspartic acid protease-3 (Caspase-3) in PMN-MDSCs was detected by Western blot. ResultAfter treatment for 24 h and 48 h, the PMN-MDSCs-inhibiting rate was increased by 5%, 50%, 75%, and 100% BXT-containing intestinal absorption solution compared with that in the blank group (P<0.05, P<0.01). At 72 h, the PMN-MDSCs-inhibiting rate by 50% BXT-containing intestinal absorption solution was lower than that at 48 h (P<0.01), and the PMN-MDSCs-inhibiting rate by 5%, 75%, and 100% BXT-containing intestinal absorption solution showed no significant difference from that at 48 h. Moreover, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) at 48 h was 18.40%. Thus, 18% BXT-containing intestinal absorption solution and 48 h were the optimal intervention concentration and time. The survival rate of PMN-MDSCs in model group was higher than that in the blank group (P<0.05), and the apoptosis rate was lower than that in the blank group (P<0.05). Compared with model group, BXT containing intestinal absorption solution lowered the survival rate and raised apoptosis rate of PMN-MDSCs (P<0.05), particularly the 26% BXT-containing intestinal absorption solution (P<0.05). The expression of Bax and Caspase-3 in PMN-MDSCs was lower in the model group than in the blank group (P<0.05), and the expression of Bcl-2 was higher in the model group than in the blank group (P<0.05). The expression of Caspase-3 in PMN-MDSCs increased (P<0.05) and the expression of Bcl-2 decreased (P<0.05) in oxaliplatin group and BXT group compared with those in the model group. The expression of Bax rose in oxaliplatin group and BXT group (10% BXT-containing intestinal absorption solution) (P<0.05). ConclusionBXT can induce the apoptosis of PMN-MDSCs by regulating the expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bax, Caspase-3, and Bcl-2 in gastric cancer microenvironment.
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Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the common malignant tumors, and the incidence and mortality of GC in China rank first in the world. At present, the pathogenesis of GC has not been fully clarified. Although surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy have achieved good results in the treatment of GC, there are still many complications, decreased sensitivity, and severe side effects. Banxia Xiexintang, derived from Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases(《伤寒杂病论》), has been clinically used for more than 2000 years with the effects of combining cold and warm drugs, dissipating mass, and relieving stuffiness, and is a classic prescription for treating digestive tract diseases in later generations. Through clinical observation and experimental research, it is found that Banxia Xiexintang and its single drugs have good effect in preventing and treating GC. Chinese medicine has multi-component and multi-target characteristics and can treat GC through various mechanisms. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out systematic and in-depth research from the aspects of molecular biology and network pharmacology, and comprehensively reveal the mechanism of Banxia Xiexintang in preventing and treating GC. At present, the mechanism of Banxia Xiexintang in treating GC mainly focuses on inducing apoptosis of GC cells, inhibiting proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cells, protecting peritoneal mesothelial cells, inhibiting peritoneal metastasis of GC cells, regulating GC microenvironment, and inhibiting the malignant transformation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). This research group is committed to the prevention and treatment of GC with Banxia Xiexintang, aiming to comprehensively reveal the mechanism of action and the pharmacodynamic material basis of Banxia Xiexintang in the prevention and treatment of GC, and provide an important scientific basis for further clinical application of Banxia Xiexintang. After searching CNKI, PubMed, Wanfang Data, VIP, and other databases, this paper summarized Banxia Xiexintang in the treatment of GC from the aspects of prescription basis, material basis, network pharmacology, clinical and experimental studies, etc., so as to provide references for further research on pharmacological effect of Banxia Xiexintang and its application in the clinical treatment of GC.
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ObjectiveTo discuss the thought of treatment of orifices in the Chinese herbal classics in the past dynasties based on the correspondence between drugs and symptoms to guide the clinical treatment based on syndrome differentiation. MethodAll the literature data of Chinese herbal classics were retrieved from the database of the Chinese Medical Dictionary, involving 76 works of Chinese herbal classics and covering representative works from the Han dynasty to the Ming and Qing dynasties. The information on Chines herbal drugs for the treatment of orifices was collected and sorted out. According to Chinese Materia Medica (11th Edition) and Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (2020 Edition), the nature, flavor, and meridian tropism of the selected Chinese herbal drugs were statistically analyzed. The pathogenesis elements in the treatment of orifices were classified and counted, and the contents of syndrome differentiation and treatment in various Chinese herbal classics were extracted. ResultIn 76 Chinese herbal classics in the past dynasties, 93 Chinese herbal drugs for the treatment of orifices were selected. The nature of drugs was mainly warm, followed by cold and mild. The flavor was mainly pungent, followed by bitter and sweet. In terms of meridian tropism, drugs mainly acted on the lung meridian, followed by stomach, heart, liver, spleen, and kidney meridians. The pathogenesis elements of orifices could be divided into six categories, i.e., wind invasion, turbid obstruction and Qi stagnation, water and dampness stagnation, blood stasis and collaterals blockage, heat and toxin damage, deficiency of vital Qi and cold coagulation. ConclusionOrifices are mainly treated with drugs effective in dispelling wind and pathogenic factors, resolving turbidity and removing stagnation, inducing diuresis and eliminating dampness, promoting blood circulation and dredging collaterals, clearing heat and purging fire, tonifying deficiency and dispelling cold, which are used in combination. Eliminating pathogenic factors and dredging, tonifying deficiency and purging excess are the main characteristics of treatment of orifices based on syndrome differentiation, which is in line with the physiological dysfunction state of orifices in losing the function, evil Qi blockage and healthy Qi deficiency.
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ObjectiveTo screen and establish animal models of combined stasis and toxin syndrome based on the comparison of three modeling methods, i.e., carrageenan (Ca), Ca combined with dried yeast (Ca+Yeast), and Ca combined with lipopolysaccharide (Ca+LPS). MethodForty SPF male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, Ca group, Ca+Yeast group, and Ca+LPS group, with 10 rats in each group. The Ca group, Ca+Yeast group, and Ca+LPS group received an intraperitoneal injection of Ca (10 mg·kg-1) on the first day. The Ca+LPS group received an intraperitoneal injection of LPS (50 μg·kg-1) on the second day, and the Ca+Yeast group received a subcutaneous injection of dry yeast suspension (2 mg·kg-1) on the back on the second day. The rectal temperature of each group was dynamically observed after modeling. After 24 hours of modeling, the macroscopic evaluation indexes, including tongue manifestation, pulse, and black tail length in each group were observed. The PeriCam PSI imaging system was used to detect the blood flow perfusion of the rat tail. The automatic hemorheology analyzer was used to measure the whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity of each group. The PL platelet function analyzer was used to detect the platelet aggregation rate of the rats. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the interleukin-6 (IL-6) level in the rat plasma. The myocardial tissue, brain tissue, and lung tissue of each group of rats were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. ResultCompared with the normal group, all three model groups showed varying degrees of black tail (P<0.05, P<0.01), reduced blood flow perfusion at the tail end (P<0.05, P<0.01), decreased R, G, and B values of tongue manifestation (P<0.05, P<0.01), and increased maximum platelet aggregation rate (P<0.05, P<0.01). The pulse amplitudes of the Ca+Yeast group and the Ca+LPS group were lower than that of the normal group (P<0.05, P<0.01). In addition, the average rectal temperature of the Ca+Yeast group increased after 24 hours of modeling (P<0.01), and the low-, medium-, and high-shear whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity increased (P<0.05, P<0.01) as compared with those in the normal group. Additionally, the expression level of the plasma inflammatory factor IL-6 was significantly up-regulated (P<0.05). Pathological morphology results showed that the Ca+Yeast group had the most severe pathological changes, with small foci of myocardial fiber dissolution, inflammatory cell infiltration, and fibroblast proliferation observed. In the hippocampal area, the neurons were sparse and had undergone red degeneration. In the small focus of the lung interstitium, lymphocytes and neutrophils were infiltrated. ConclusionThe animal model of combined stasis and toxin syndrome was properly established using Ca+Yeast. The systematic evaluation system of the model, which includes traditional Chinese medicine four diagnostic information, western medicine microscopic indicators, and tissue pathological morphology, is worthy of consideration and reference by researchers.
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Objective:To explore the prescription and medication law of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) compounds in the treatment of vascular dementia (VD) based on patent database.Methods:TCM compounds with patents about VD were retrieved from Chinese patent announcement website of the State Intellectual Property Office and CNKI. The retrieval time was from the establishment to the databases to 31 st, March 2022. The frequency, clusteringand association analysis were carried out with the help of TCM inheritance auxiliary platform (V2.5). The medication law was analyzed. Results:154 TCM compound patents for the treatment of vascular dementia were screened, involving 227 kinds of Chinese materia medica. Among them, Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma (44 times, 28.57%) was used more frequently, and the common medicinal pair was Salviea Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma- Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma (17 times, 11.03%). The medicinal property was mainly warm, the taste was mainly sweet, and the meridian was mainly liver meridian. Those with high confidence based on association rules were " Corni Fructus -Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma" (0.90), " Corni Fructus -Rehmannize Radix et Praeparata" (0.90). Based on the complex network, it was concluded that the core drugs were 14 groups such as " Rehmannize Radix et Praeparata- Cistanches Herba- Corni Fructus". The new prescriptions extracted by entropy cluster analysis included 7 groups such as " Rehmannize Radix et Praeparata, Cistanches Herba, Corni Fructus and Asparagi Radix". Conclusion:The treatment of VD by TCM compounds with national patents is mainly based on tonifying deficiency, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, eliminating phlegm and dampness, expelling wind and dredging collaterals, opening orifices and resuscitation, which can provide reference for clinical practice and new drug research and development.
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Objective:To investigate the expression of adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation in corneal epithelial cells and the effects of fungus on AMPK phosphorylation and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production in corneal epithelial cells.Methods:The human immortalized corneal epithelial cell line was selected.The safe concentration range of AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) (100, 300, 500, 1 000 μmol/L) and inhibitor Compound C (10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 17.5, 20.0 μmol/L) on corneal epithelial cells was screened by multi-function real-time unlabeled cell analyzer.Corneal epithelial cells without any treatment were used as the normal control group, and those co-cultured with spores were used as the spore control group.Corneal epithelial cells co-cultured with spores were treated with AICAR and Compound C for 4 hours in the AICAR group and Compound C group, respectively.The expression of phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK) and AMPK in corneal epithelial cells was detected by Western blot, and the concentration of IL-6 in the culture supernatant was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results:After treatment with different concentrations of AICAR for different periods, there was no statistical significance in the cell index of corneal epithelial cells (all at P>0.05). The cell index of corneal epithelial cells was increased with 10.0 μmol/L and 12.5 μmol/L Compound C treatment compared with that of the normal control group.The expression levels of p-AMPK were 0.67±0.15, 2.57±0.12, 3.67±0.58 and 1.50±0.50, respectively, in the normal control group, spore control group, AICAR group and Compound C group, showing a statistically significant difference among them ( F=32.820, P<0.001). The expression level of p-AMPK was significantly higher in the spore control group compared with the normal control group ( P<0.001). The expression level of p-AMPK in the AICAR group was higher than that in the spore control group, and the expression level of p-AMPK in the Compound C group was lower than that in the spore control group, and the differences were statistically significant (both at P=0.010). There was no significant difference in the relative expression level of AMPK among the four groups ( F=0.120, P=0.950). The expression levels of IL-6 concentration in the normal control group, spore control group, AICAR group and Compound C group were (107.81±17.15), (156.32±9.94), (167.96±14.16) and (127.42±19.75)pg/ml, respectively, showing a statistically significant difference among them ( F=15.210, P<0.001). The IL-6 concentration of the spore control group was higher than that of the normal control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.001). The IL-6 concentration of the AICAR group was higher than that of the spore control group, but the difference was not statistically significant ( P=0.260). The IL-6 concentration of the Compound C group was lower than that of the spore control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P=0.010). Conclusions:In corneal epithelial cells, AMPK phosphorylation is found, which is enhanced after fungal spores stimulation, and the secretion of IL-6 increases.
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Objectives:To explore the value of heparin-binding protein (HBP) in the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with respiratory viral infections.Methods:The patients who were admitted to Emergency Department of Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from November 2018 to November 2020 were selected as the viral infection group, and the non-infected patients admitted in the same period as the non-viral infection group. Data of all patients’ general clinical information, peripheral white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and HBP in 24 h were collected. The differences in various indicators were compared between the two groups of patients, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn, and the diagnostic value of each indicator for patients with respiratory virus infection were evaluated. The prognostic indicators such as sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) score within 24 h were recorded, and duration of ICU stay, antiviral treatment, ventilator and vasoactive agents to total length of hospital stay of patients in the viral infection group were calculated. The Spearman correlation analysis of HBP and the above indicators was performed to determine the prognostic value of HBP in patients with respiratory virus infections.Results:A total of 106 patients were included in the viral infection group, and 107 in the non-viral infection group. There were no significant differences in sex, age, and body mass index (BMI) between the two groups of patients (P>0.05). Compared with the non-viral infection group, the serum CRP and HBP of the viral infection group were significantly higher (P<0.05), while the WBC and NLR levels were significantly lower (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in PCT between the two groups (P>0.05). HBP had the best diagnosis efficiency for respiratory viral infections, the areas under the ROC was 0.895, the optimal cut-off point was 13.625 μg/L, the sensitivity was 92.50% and the specificity was 76.60%. Correlation analysis showed that serum HBP levels within 24 h in the viral infection group were positively correlated with SOFA score and APACHEⅡ score in 24 h after admission (r = 0.756, P<0.05; r = 0.747, P<0.05). In the viral infection group, duration of ICU stay, antiviral treatment, and ventilator and vasoactive agents to total length of hospital stay were also positively correlated with serum HBP level (r = 0.873, 0.748, 0.830, and 0.794, P<0.05).Conclusions:HBP can be used as a favorable diagnostic indicator for patients with respiratory virus infections and has a good evaluation value for the prognosis.
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OBJECTIVE:To systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Compound danshen dripping pills in improving aspirin resistance ,and to provide evidence-based evidence for clinical drug use. METHODS :Retrieved from CNKI , VIP,Wanfang database ,CBM,PubMed,Embase,the Cochrane L ibrary,randomized controlled trials (RCTs)about Compound danshen dripping pills (trial group )versus aspirin (control group )were collected during the inception to Jun. 2020. After literature screening and data extraction ,bias risk assessment tool recommended by the Cochrane evaluation manual handbook 5.1.0 was used to evaluate the quality of the included literatures ,and Rev Man 5.3 software was used for Meta-analysis and publication bias analysis. RESULTS :A total of 10 RCTs were included ,with a total of 800 patients. Meta-analysis showed that the platelet aggregation rate (PAR)induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP)in trial group was significantly lower than that of control group [SMD =-2.63,95%CI(-3.56,-1.70),P<0.000 01]. Results of sub-group analysis by treatment cycle showed that PAR induced by ADP in trial group after 2 weeks of treatment [SMD =-2.11,95%CI(-2.75,-1.46),P<0.000 01],4 weeks of treatment [SMD =-2.84,95%CI(-4.26,-1.41),P<0.000 1] Δ 基金项目 :国家重点研发计划中医药现代化研究重点专项 and 8 weeks of treatment [SMD =-2.63,95%CI(-3.21, (No.2019YFC1710000,No.2019YFC1710003);国家中医药管理局中 - 2.04),P<0.000 01] was significantly lower than control 医药循证能力建设项目(No.2019XZZX-XXG003);河南省创新型科技 团队项目 group. PAR induced by arachidonic acid (AA)of trial group *硕士研究生 。研究方向:中西医结合心血管疾病的预防和治 was significantly lower than that of control group [SMD = 疗。E-mail:guohongxin1214@163.com -2.44,95%CI(-3.64,-1.24),P<0.000 1]. Results of # 通信作者:主任医师,教授,硕士生导师,博士。研究方向:中医 sub-group analysis by treatment cycle showed that PAR 药防治心血管疾病的临床和基础 。电话:0371-66233478。E-mail: induced by AA in trial group after 2 weeks of tre atment [SMD = zhumingjun317@163.com -2.56,95%CI(-3.26,-1.85),P<0.000 01],4 weeks of 中国药房 2021年第32卷第6期 China Pharmacy 2021Vol. 32 No. 6 ·743· treatment of [SMD =-2.45,95%CI(-4.79,-0.10),P=0.04],8 weeks of treatment [SMD =-2.38,95%CI(-2.94,-1.82),P< 0.000 01] was significantly lower than control group. The decrease of ADP-induced PAR [SMD =2.24,95%CI(1.36,3.13),P< 0.000 01],AA-induced PAR [SMD =2.42,95%CI(1.94,2.89),P<0.000 01] and response rate [RR =8.56,95%CI(4.38,16.74), P<0.000 01] in trial group were significantly higher than control group ,while the incidence of ADR [RR =0.30,95%CI(0.15, 0.60),P=0.000 6],the incidence of ischemic events [RR =0.13,95%CI(0.07,0.27),P<0.000 01],CR and RF after treatment (P<0.05)were significantly lower than control group. There was no statistical significant difference in the incidence of bleeding events between 2 groups [RR =0.78,95% CI(0.34,1.78),P=0.55]. The results of publication bias showed that there was less possibility of publication bias in this study. CONCLUSIONS :Compound danshen dripping pills can effectively improve aspirin resistance and has good safety.
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The Algerian medical health system provides free medical care. The incidence of non-communicable diseases, such as ischemic heart disease, stroke and Alzheimer’s disease, are high. Acupuncture has become a popular treatment recognized by the public with certain influence. However, some problems restrict the development of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in Algeria, like insufficient training of TCM talents; lack of TCM related knowledge, and medical insurance policy uncoving TCM. Based on the status quo of TCM, we suggested promotion and dissemination of TCM development in Algeria, including breaking through education limitation to expand the talent team, carrying out targeted publicity to expand the influence of TCM, promoting the inclusion of TCM in medical insurance and government legislative protection. Only in these ways, could we increase and expand the strength and scope of TCM influence, and promote the development of TCM in Algeria.
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The popularization of medical insurance in Panama has been basically completed. The coverage of health insurance is high, but with the problem of polarization. The major causes of death in Panama are is chemic heart disease, stroke, AD and diabetes. In recent years, the chronic kidney disease and COPD are increasing significantly. Panamanian native medicine, considered as complementary and alternative medicine, is recognized by local laws and usedby most of indigenous groups and rural people. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in Panama is at the starting stage, and there is no relevant legislation. However, this country attaches great importance to indigenous traditional medicine, and more and more people gradually accept it. TCM has great development potential in this country. It is suggested to promote the development of TCM in Panama. By culture as the pathway, exploring various forms of cooperation and exchange, taking the research and development of traditional herbal medicine as the breakthrough point, and increasing the spead of acupuncture usage, etc.
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India is a parliamentary republic country located in South Asian. Its medical and healthcare insurance is paid by the state government and it has the world’s largest "free medical" service system. India has a long history of traditional medicine (TM) represented mainly by Ayurveda, Naturopathy, Yoga etc. As early as the 2nd century BC, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) was introduced to India along with religious exchanges and trade activities. At present, acupuncture has achieved independent legal status in India and there are many acupuncture clinics and associations. However, non-acupuncture TCM treatments lack development in India, but the application of acupuncture lacks of systematic standards.