Closed-loop Scleral Fixation with 4-eyelet Intraocular Lens Implantation for Aphakia: Clinical Outcomes

Purpose@#We present a modified, closed-loop scleral fixation technique. We inserted a 4-eyelet intraocular lens (IOL) into the anterior chamber prior to fixation. We investigated the clinical results. @*Methods@#We retrospectively reviewed 39 eyes (39 patients) that underwent modified four-point scleral fixation of an inserted lens in our center from May 2019 to June 2022. The surgical procedure features conjunctival peritomy, 4-eyelet IOL insertion, eyeball penetration using a 9-0 polypropylene needle, eyelet placement using an ab externo technique to form a continuous loop, centering of the optic, and tying of a knot. We compared preoperative and 6-month postoperative changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure, and refraction errors, and described postoperative complications. @*Results@#The mean patient age was 62 years. The indications for surgery included complicated cataracts (20.5%), aphakia (20.5%), staged surgery for complicated cataract (12.8%), non-traumatic IOL dislocation (30.8%), traumatic IOL dislocation (12.8%), and crystalline lens dislocation (5.1%). The postoperative BCVA (0.40 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR]) was significantly better than the preoperative BCVA (0.69 logMAR) (p = 0.018). The postoperative spherical equivalent and the target diopter measurement were in high agreement (p = 0.002, intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.616). All of ocular hypertension (7.7%), hypotony (5.1%), bullous keratopathy (5.1%), and macular edema (5.1%) were noted, but 78% of the conditions improved with short-term medication. There was no re-dislocation of a fixated IOL. @*Conclusions@#Our surgical technique simply and rapidly treats aphakia. Optic repositioning was easy, the IOL stability high, and the risk of complications during IOL fixation low.

Lateral Decubitus Position for Pediatric Nd:YAG Laser Capsulotomy under General Anesthesia

Purpose@#To report a successful case of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomy performed in a noncompliant pediatric patient using the lateral decubitus position and a conventional slit-lamp-based laser system under general anesthesia.Case summary: Progression of a thick posterior capsular opacity with associated vision loss (best-correct visual acuity of 0.1) was detected in a nine-year-old child with a past history of cataract surgery in his right eye. Diagnosed with pediatric uveitis at the age of five, he had been treated previously using a combination of topical and systemic corticosteroids, which led to the development of the cataract and subsequent surgery 16 months later. Severe photophobia prevented outpatient-based laser treatment, and the patient underwent our modified procedure. Under general anesthesia, the patient was placed in a lateral decubitus position with the use of a long intubation tube. The height of the bed and table-based laser system was adjusted so as to minimize strain when positioning the child’s head. Successful laser capsulotomy was performed within 10 minutes, and the entire anesthesia time was less than 30 minutes. The patient experienced immediate improvement in symptoms, showing a visual acuity of 1.0, which has been sustained as of his most recent visit, 3 months postoperatively. The patient experienced no ocular or anesthesia- related complications. @*Conclusions@#Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy performed by careful positioning (lateral decubitus) under general anesthesia is a viable strategy for the safe and efficient removal of posterior capsular opacities in children with poor compliance.

Therapeutic Efficacy of Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant in Korean Patients with Non-infectious Uveitis

Purpose@#To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of intravitreal dexamethasone implant in non-infectious uveitis (divided into anterior, intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis types). @*Methods@#The medical records of patients who received intravitreal dexamethasone implants between June 2013 and January 2018 at a tertiary referral hospital were analyzed retrospectively. @*Results@#A total of 38 eyes of 36 patients were included. All patients were diagnosed with non-infectious uveitis and received intravitreal dexamethasone implants. The mean age was 55.6 years, and 18 (50.0%) patients were male. In total, 6 (15.8%) eyes were diagnosed with anterior uveitis, 5 (13.2%) with intermediate uveitis, 16 (42.1%) with posterior uveitis, and 11 (28.9%) with panuveitis. Patients with all types of uveitis showed significant improvement in clinical outcomes after intravitreal dexamethasone implant. Three eyes showed increased intraocular pressure, while four showed cataract progression and thus received cataract extraction after injection. Seventeen (44.7%) eyes relapsed an average of 1.18 ± 0.39 times and received additional treatments. @*Conclusions@#Non-infectious uveitis patients showed significant improvement in clinical outcomes after intravitreal dexamethasone implant injection. However, care is required during injection due to the risk of recurrence, as well as side effects such as increased intraocular pressure and cataract progression.

Lateral Decubitus Position for Pediatric Nd:YAG Laser Capsulotomy under General Anesthesia

Purpose@#To report a successful case of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomy performed in a noncompliant pediatric patient using the lateral decubitus position and a conventional slit-lamp-based laser system under general anesthesia.Case summary: Progression of a thick posterior capsular opacity with associated vision loss (best-correct visual acuity of 0.1) was detected in a nine-year-old child with a past history of cataract surgery in his right eye. Diagnosed with pediatric uveitis at the age of five, he had been treated previously using a combination of topical and systemic corticosteroids, which led to the development of the cataract and subsequent surgery 16 months later. Severe photophobia prevented outpatient-based laser treatment, and the patient underwent our modified procedure. Under general anesthesia, the patient was placed in a lateral decubitus position with the use of a long intubation tube. The height of the bed and table-based laser system was adjusted so as to minimize strain when positioning the child’s head. Successful laser capsulotomy was performed within 10 minutes, and the entire anesthesia time was less than 30 minutes. The patient experienced immediate improvement in symptoms, showing a visual acuity of 1.0, which has been sustained as of his most recent visit, 3 months postoperatively. The patient experienced no ocular or anesthesia- related complications. @*Conclusions@#Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy performed by careful positioning (lateral decubitus) under general anesthesia is a viable strategy for the safe and efficient removal of posterior capsular opacities in children with poor compliance.

Therapeutic Efficacy of Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant in Korean Patients with Non-infectious Uveitis

Purpose@#To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of intravitreal dexamethasone implant in non-infectious uveitis (divided into anterior, intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis types). @*Methods@#The medical records of patients who received intravitreal dexamethasone implants between June 2013 and January 2018 at a tertiary referral hospital were analyzed retrospectively. @*Results@#A total of 38 eyes of 36 patients were included. All patients were diagnosed with non-infectious uveitis and received intravitreal dexamethasone implants. The mean age was 55.6 years, and 18 (50.0%) patients were male. In total, 6 (15.8%) eyes were diagnosed with anterior uveitis, 5 (13.2%) with intermediate uveitis, 16 (42.1%) with posterior uveitis, and 11 (28.9%) with panuveitis. Patients with all types of uveitis showed significant improvement in clinical outcomes after intravitreal dexamethasone implant. Three eyes showed increased intraocular pressure, while four showed cataract progression and thus received cataract extraction after injection. Seventeen (44.7%) eyes relapsed an average of 1.18 ± 0.39 times and received additional treatments. @*Conclusions@#Non-infectious uveitis patients showed significant improvement in clinical outcomes after intravitreal dexamethasone implant injection. However, care is required during injection due to the risk of recurrence, as well as side effects such as increased intraocular pressure and cataract progression.

Comparison of Allergenic Properties among Commercially Available House Dust Mite Allergen Extracts in Korea

Precise allergy diagnosis and effective allergen specific immunotherapy are largely dependent on the quality of allergen extract. A new extract of Dermatophagoides farinae was commercially developed by Prolagen. The allergenic properties of the new extract were compared with those of other commercial products. The allergenic properties of the new extract were compared according to protein concentration, protein profiles, major allergen (Der f 1) contents, and allergenic potency to those for three commercially available extracts imported in Korea (Jubilant HollisterStier Allergy, Lofarma S.p.A., and Stallergenes Greer). Protein concentrations varied up to 2.62-fold (0.404 to 1.057 mg/mL), and Der f 1 contents varied up to 11.3-fold (3.597 to 40.688 μg/mL). Protein profiles of the extracts showed no major discrepancies, although there were some differences in SDS-PAGE band intensities, reflecting protein concentrations. Allergen potency ranged from 37038 to 60491 PAU/mL. The Prolagen product was highest in terms of protein concentration and allergen potency. The Lofarma product displayed Der f 1 content similar to that in Prolagen (19.4 μg/mg vs. 19.3 μg/mg). Endotoxin levels varied 8.9-fold (1020 to 8985 EU/mL). The newly developed house dust mite extract showed equal or better allergenic properties than available commercial extracts. This new product may be useful for better diagnostics and allergen-specific immunotherapeutics.

Comparison between Newly Developed and Commercial Inhalant Skin Prick Test Reagents Using In Vivo and In Vitro Methods

BACKGROUND: We developed skin prick test (SPT) reagents for common inhalant allergens that reflected the real exposure in Korea. The study aim was to evaluate diagnostic usefulness and allergen potency of our inhalant SPT reagents in comparison with commercial products. METHODS: We produced eight common inhalant allergen SPT reagents using total extract (Prolagen): Dermatophagoides farinae, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, oak, ragweed, mugwort, Humulus japonicus pollens, as well as cat and dog allergens. We compared the newly developed reagents with three commercially available SPT reagents (Allergopharma, Hollister-Stier, Lofarma). We measured total protein concentrations, sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), major allergen concentration, and biological allergen potencies measured by immunoglobulin E (IgE) immunoblotting and ImmunoCAP inhibition test. RESULTS: Diagnostic values of these SPT reagents were expressed as positivity rate and concordance rate of the results from ImmunoCAP allergen-specific IgE test in 94 allergic patients. In vitro analysis showed marked differences in protein concentrations, SDS-PAGE features, major allergen concentrations, and biological allergen potencies of four different SPT reagents. In vivo analysis showed that positive rates and concordance rates of Prolagen® SPT reagents were similar compared to the three commercial SPT reagents. CONCLUSION: The newly developed Prolagen® inhalant SPT reagents are not inferior to the commercially available SPT reagents in allergy diagnosis.

Efficacy of Biodegradable Microneedle Patches on Periorbital Wrinkles / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: Biodegradable microneedle technology is a recently developed method to deliver medical and pharmaceutical medications into the skin, and is expected to yield better treatment results than topical application methods. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of hyaluronic acid (HA)-based microneedle patches and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-containing microneedle patches on periorbital wrinkle improvement. METHODS: A 20-week randomized, double-blind study was performed. Twenty-five Korean patients with periorbital wrinkles and a wrinkle severity rating scale (WSRS) score above 2 were enrolled into the study. The patients completed the study using the two different types of patches on each side of the designated periorbital wrinkles area every other day for 8 weeks. Patients were requested for an additional 12-week follow up. Wrinkle improvements were assessed by WSRS score, subjective patient satisfaction score, and imaging analysis using the visiometer, corneometer, cutometer, and mexameter, respectively (Courage&Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). RESULTS: Both the HA-based microneedle patch and EGF-containing HA-based microneedle patch had positive effects on WSRS score, patient satisfaction levels, and corneometer result with statistically significant differences. No significant side effects were noticed. CONCLUSION: With respect to efficacy, no statistical difference between the two groups were noted, indicating that the anti-wrinkle effects of the microneedle patch may solely be due to the HA rather than the EGF.