[Acute promyelocytic leukemia presenting with central nervous system involvement at initial diagnosis].

We describe a rare case of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) presenting with central nervous system (CNS) involvement at the time of initial diagnosis. A 58-year-old male was hospitalized with palpitations, dyspnea, high grade fever, photophobia, and disturbance of consciousness in March 2010. APL was diagnosed by bone marrow (BM) examination. The cytogenetic analysis of BM cells demonstrated t(15;17)(q22;q11), and PML-RARA chimeric gene was detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed several high intensity regions in the cerebrum and cerebellum. CNS involvement was diagnosed based on the appearance of APL blasts in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The patient was treated with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), and systemic chemotherapy consisting of idarubicin and cytarabine according to the Japan Adult Leukemia Study Group (JALSG) APL 204 protocol. He was then treated with continuous intrathecal administration of cytotoxic drugs (methotrexate, cytarabine, prednisolone) after systemic chemotherapy, achieving complete remission (CR) in both BM and the CNS. To date, he has been maintained in complete molecular remission in both BM and the CSF for 28 months, to date.

[Complete response by rituximab monotherapy in a patient with leukemic mantle cell lymphoma diagnosed by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis].

An 85-year-old male was admitted to a hospital with abdominal discomfort in October, 2010. Severe splenomegaly and mild para-aortic lymphoadenopathy were detected. In addition, an increase in atypical lymphocytes was noticed by bone marrow analyses with weak positive staining of cyclin D1. Subsequently, the fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)method confirmed cyclin D1 reconstruction, and the fusion signals of the BCL1 and IgH genes were detected, thus providing a definitive diagnosis of leukemic mantle cell lymphoma. After treatment with rituximab monotherapy, the Ki-67 index was stabilized to within 10%, and complete response was obtained.

[T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for malignant lymphoma-report of three cases and a review of the literature].

There have been only three reports in the literature of T-cell large granular lymphocyte (T-LGL) leukemia occurring after autologous peripheral stem cell transplantation (APBSCT). We describe 3 patients in whom a transient monoclonal T-LGL developed after APBSCT for malignant lymphoma. Case 1: A 58-year-old man with peripheral T-cell lymphoma in second complete remission (CR) who underwent APBSCT. Case 2: A 51-year-old man with follicular lymphoma in second CR who underwent APBSCT. Case 3: A 65-year-old man with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in second CR who underwent tandem APBSCT. One month after transplant, fever followed by the proliferation of CD8+/CD57+ T-LGL in peripheral blood occurred in all three cases. Because clonal rearrangements of the T-cell receptor were detected in peripheral blood samples, T-LGL leukemia was diagnosed. The first patient had episodes of Epstein-Barr virus viremia. The other patients suffered from cytomegalovirus colitis after APBSCT. These data show that T-LGL leukemia can occur after viral infection followed by APBSCT.