Risk of new onset hyperuricemia and chronic kidney disease after living kidney donation through propensity score matching analysis.

Living kidney donors have been regarded as those people having earned the healthiest status level after having undergone scrutiny. Although one's post-donation GFR is expected to fall to 50% of their pre-donation value, it is well documented that there is a compensatory increase in GFR which subsequently reaches approximately 60-70% of the donor's pre-donation value. Data regarding gout/hyperuricemia in living kidney donors has remained scarce until now. This study involved kidney donors enrolled within the years 2000 to 2017, where those who were selected to be matched to those in group of case cohort by age, year of index date, gender and co-morbidity were considered as the control cohort. During the 17-year study period 2,716 participants were enrolled. Results revealed that kidney donors experienced a risk of new onset gout/ hyperuricemia (adjusted HR = 1.73; 95%CI = 1.27, 2.36), and new onset CKD (adjusted HR = 6.7; 95% CI = 4.4, 10.21) were found to be higher in kidney donors. Our findings suggest that people after kidney donation are significantly associated with a higher risk of new onset gout/hyperuricemia. Clinical professionals therefore need to be cautious of new onset gouy/hyperuricemia after donation surgery.

Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes After SGLT-2 Inhibitors: A Nationwide Population Cohort Study.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) accounts for 80% of cases of vision loss in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Interventional treatments are only indicated in advanced DR and are ineffective in some patients. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are used to attenuate T2DM-associated cardiovascular complications. We conducted the cohort study to investigate the effect of SGLT2is on DR development. Data (May 2016-December 2018) obtained from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database were analyzed in this nationwide retrospective cohort study. After propensity score matching, a total of 31,764 patients receiving SGLT2is and another 31,764 patients receiving dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4is) were included in this study. Multiple Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to evaluate DR risk. Overall DR incidence among SGLT2i or DPP4i users was 10.9 or 15.6 per 10,000 patient-years, respectively. After covariate adjustment, DR (both early and late stage) risk was substantially lower in SGLT2i users (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.68, 95% confidence interval: 0.6-0.78) than in DPP4i users. DR risk appears to be considerably lower in SGLT2i users than in DPP4i users. Glycemic control measurement with HbA1C level was unavailable in this claim database.

Denosumab treatment and infection risks in patients with osteoporosis: propensity score matching analysis of a national-wide population-based cohort study.

Introduction: Denosumab demonstrates efficacy in reducing the incidence of hip, vertebral, and nonvertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. We present a population-based national cohort study to evaluate the infection risks in patients with osteoporosis after long-term denosumab therapy. Methods: We used the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) to identify patients with osteoporosis. The case cohort comprised patients treated with denosumab. Propensity score (PS) matching was used to select denosumab nonusers for the control cohort. The study period was between August 2011 and December 2017. Our study comprised 30,106 pairs of case and control patients. Results: Patients receiving denosumab therapy had high risks of the following infections: pneumonia and influenza (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.27 -1.39), urinary tract infection (aHR: 1.36; 95% CI:1.32 -1.40), tuberculosis (aHR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.36 -1.87), fungal infection (aHR: 1.67; 95% CI:1.46 -1.90), candidiasis (aHR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.47 -1.93), herpes zoster infection (aHR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.19 -1.35), sepsis (aHR: 1.54; 95% CI:1.43 -1.66), and death (aHR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.20 -1.32). However, the longer the duration of denosumab treatment, the lower the risk patients had of developing infections. Discussion: Denosumab therapy is associated with a higher infection risk at the early periods of treatment. Nevertheless, the risk attenuates significantly after the 2nd year of therapy. Clinicians should closely monitor infection status in patients with osteoporosis during the initial stages of denosumab therapy.