[Possibilities of using fungal polysaccharides as the stimulants of accumulation of antibody-producing cells]. / Vozmozhnosti ispol'zovaniia drozhzhevykh polisakharidov v kachestve stimuliatorov nakopleniia antiteloobrazuiushchikh kletok.

A study was made of the influence of yeast polysaccharides of definite structure and mol wt on the accumulation of anitbody forming cells (AFC) in the spleen of mice belonging to different strains. Yeast mannans Rh. rubra and Sp. species, and also glucan Aur. pullulans with all or chiefly beta-bonds between the monosaccharide units were capable of activating the cell antibody formation, this being expressed in increased AFC production in the animals with a high immune reaction to the administration of sheep red blood cells and in the intensification of the immune response in mice with a low reaction to the antigen administered. The activity of dextrans directly depended on their mol wt. Besides, there was revealed a different reaction to polysaccharides in the animals of different genotypes.

[Effect of yeast polysaccharides on the functional activity of macrophages in white mice]. / Vliianie drozhzhevykh polisakharidov na funktsional'nuiu aktivnost' makrofagov belykh myshei.

It was shown that the effect of polysaccharides such as hetero- and homoglycans, polyuronides and neutral polysaccharides on the functional status of macrophages was different by the activation level. The activity of the polysaccharides depended on the charge and polymeric properties of the molecules, glycoside bond configuration and supermolecular structure.

[Macrophage activation by polysaccharides from yeast-like fungi]. / Aktivatsiia makrofagov polisakharidami iz drozhzhepodobnykh gribov.

The effect of polysaccharides isolated from yeast-like fungi on diverse activities of murine peritoneal macrophages was studied in experiments in vitro. Yeast polysaccharides had a nonspecific activating effect on macrophages in tissue culture. They enhance the adhesion of macrophages to glass, stimulate phagocytosis and intracellular digestion, and change the chemotactic activity. The activity of polysaccharides directly correlates with their molecular weight. There is a relationship between the biological activity and chemical structure of polysaccharides. The beta-structural polysaccharides are capable of activating the functions of macrophages, while beta-structural dextrans do not possess such properties.

[Effect of a deficiency in the mononuclear phagocyte system and the administration of yeast polysaccharide on the development of a heterotopic source of hematopoiesis]. / Vliianie defitsita sistemy mononuklearnykh fagotsitov i vvedeniia drozhzhevogo polisakharida na postroenie geterotopnogo ochaga krovetvoreniia.

Mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) deficiency was induced by repeated peritoneal lavage in (C57Bl x CBA) F1 mice. The animals were then used as donors or recipients in heterotopic bone marrow transplantation. Yeast polysaccharide (YP) produced by Cryptococcus luteolus strain 228 was injected weekly (25 mg/kg) during 30 days after bone marrow transplantation under the kidney capsule. Bone marrow transplantation from MPC-deficient mice to intact mice 30 days later resulted in no variations from the control in cellularity and ossicle weight. YP produced an increase in cellularity, but not in ossicle weight. In the opposite experimental scheme (transplantation from intact mice to MPS-deficient mice) an increase in both cellularity and weight was not noticed. YP injections in this case resulted in the reduction of heterotopic organ size to the control level. Possible mechanisms of this phenomenon are discussed.

[Formation of a heterotopic hemopoiesis focus from the administration of a cryptococcal heteropolysaccharide to bone marrow donors and recipients]. / Postroenie geterotopnogo ochaga krovetvoreniia v usloviiakh vvedeniia donoram i retsipientam kostnogo mozga geteropolisakharida kriptokokkov.

The effect of Cryptococcus luteolus (strain 228) heteropolysaccharide on heterotopic bone marrow organ formation was studied. Heteropolysaccharide (Hp) injections were initiated on the next day after bone marrow transplantation and were performed weekly for 30 days. This resulted in the increase in both the cellularity and the weight of the ossicle. The injections performed twice weekly produced the decrease of cellularity while ossicle weight did not change. Higher dose of Hp produced no changes in heterotopic bone marrow organ. Hp injections to donor mice did not result in any changes in heterotopic organ in bone marrow recipients. Thus, this kind of Hp was capable both of stimulating and inhibiting heterotopic bone marrow organ formation in relation to the dose and scheme of administration.

[Endocytosis by liver cells during stimulation of the mononuclear phagocyte system by yeast polysaccharides]. / Endotsitoz kletkami pecheni pri stimuliatsii sistemy mononuklearnykh fagotsitov drozhzhevymi polisakharidami.

Endocytosis (phagocytosis, fluid-phase- and receptor-mediated endocytosis) by liver cells, lysosomal enzyme activities have been studied during macrophages stimulation by yeast polysaccharides. It was shown that like macrophages stimulator zymosan, yeast polysaccharides cryelan and rhodexman increased the carbon particles phagocytosis. The most effective was intravenous administration of yeast polysaccharides. Compared to rhodexman, the effect of cryelan was more prominent. Macrophages stimulation was followed by suppression of fluid-phase endocytosis by liver cells. Increased activity of cathepsin B was discovered on day 5 after macrophages stimulation (proteinase, most typical for macrophages enzymes).