RESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Papaveraceae serve as a rich source of various alkaloids which have anti-inflammatory effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, we investigated the effect of Hylomecon hylomeconoides ethanol extract (HHE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production in RAW 264.7 cells. RESULTS: HHE inhibited LPS-induced NO and IL-6 production. Moreover, HHE suppressed the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, major constituents, dihydrosanguinarine and 6-methoxydihydrosanguinarine, of the chloroform-soluble extract were analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, the results of this study indicate that the anti-inflammatory effects of HHE may occur via the inhibition of NO and IL-6 expression through the down-regulation of MAP kinase (ERK1/2, p38) phosphorylation in RAW 264.7 cells.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Papaveraceae/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/administración & dosificación , Antiinflamatorios/aislamiento & purificación , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Regulación hacia Abajo/efectos de los fármacos , Inflamación/fisiopatología , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Lipopolisacáridos , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Fosforilación/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Sinomenine is an alkaloid compound and a prominent anti-inflammatory agent found in the root of the climbing plant Sinomenium acutum. However, its effects on the mechanism of human mast cell line (HMC)-1-mediated inflammation remained unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To provide insight into the biological effects of sinomenine, we examined its influence on the pro-inflammatory cytokine production in HMC-1 cells stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) plus A23187 by evaluating the stimulated cells in the presence or absence of sinomenine. In the present study, the pro-inflammatory cytokine production was measured using ELISA, Reverse Transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathway activation, as determined by Western blot analysis. Also, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression was measured through Western blot and RT-PCR analysis. RESULTS: Sinomenine inhibited the pro-inflammatory cytokine production induced by PMA plus A23187 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, sinomenine inhibited the phosphorylations of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 MAPKs as well as the translocation of NF-kappaB p65 through reduced IkappaBalpha degradation. In addition, sinomenine suppressed COX-2 protein and mRNA expression dose-dependently. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, the results of this study indicate that the anti-inflammatory effects of sinomenine may occur via the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine and COX-2 production through the inhibition of MAPKs and NF-kappaB pathway activation by PMA plus A23187 stimulation in HMC-1 cells.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Calcimicina/farmacología , Mediadores de Inflamación/antagonistas & inhibidores , Morfinanos/farmacología , Acetato de Tetradecanoilforbol/farmacología , Células Cultivadas , Ciclooxigenasa 2/biosíntesis , Ciclooxigenasa 2/genética , Humanos , Mediadores de Inflamación/metabolismo , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , FosforilaciónRESUMEN
Arteriovenous malformation of the gut is well known to have been an important bleeding focus in past ages. We report a young Korean male patient, who had been known to have ventricular septal defect, presenting massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding from an arteriovenous malformation involving a long segment of the left colon. Angiographic, gross and histologic findings are presented and the literature is reviewed.