Prevalence of depression in women with low income living in developed countries.

OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic review of studies reporting prevalence rates of depression in women living in low-income circumstances in developed countries. METHODS: The published and unpublished literature was searched for studies reporting prevalence of depression in women with low income in developed countries. Searches, data extraction, and methodological appraisal were conducted twice independently. To perform the analysis, the meta and metafor packages in R, a random effect model to account for both between and within studies' variances, and the restricted maximum likelihood method for estimation were used. RESULTS: One-hundred sixty-four studies, involving 218,035 participants, were located through the search process. The point prevalence of depression among women in low-income circumstances using self-report instruments in 134 studies was 37.4% (95% CI, 34.0%-40.7%). Additionally, the point prevalence according to depression diagnosis in 25 studies was 22.9% (95% CI, 17.8%-28.5%). CONCLUSIONS: The high rate of depression among women living in low-income circumstances is of serious public health concern. POLICY IMPLICATIONS: Women living in low-income circumstances should receive screening and referral/treatment in not only medical service settings, but also in social service settings serving women receiving welfare benefits.

A Scoping Review of the Trauma Recovery and Empowerment Model (TREM).

The link between interpersonal trauma and negative biopsychosocial outcomes has been well-documented. Integrated treatments that address trauma, mental health, and substance use among women with trauma histories have been found to be more effective than treatments that focus separately on these concerns. Since the early 2000s, the Trauma Recovery and Empowerment Model (TREM) has been described as a "promising" integrated trauma group therapy for women. Despite widespread recognition and implementation of TREM, its effectiveness has not been clearly established. The present scoping review is the first systematic effort to describe the extant literature on TREM and aims to provide an understanding of TREM's effectiveness by organizing and synthesizing the available empirical data. Guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews, a systematic search was conducted using PubMed, PsycINFO, SW Abstracts, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science. Quantitative dissertation findings not published elsewhere and peer-reviewed journal articles published in English that reported outcomes from TREM intervention research with adult women were included. Twelve of the initial 385 publications identified met the inclusion criteria and reported data from nine studies. TREM demonstrated statistically significant effects on posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, psychological/psychosomatic distress, and substance use. A more limited set of findings suggests that TREM may also be associated with additional gains, including self-esteem, relationship power, social support, attachment, and spiritual well-being. Future research should replicate findings, use random assignment to groups, involve larger sample sizes and more representative samples, examine optimal duration, and identify components that facilitate change.

Trends and disparities in unmet treatment needs for co-occurring depression and alcohol use disorders among young adults in the U.S.

Major depressive episode (MDE) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) often co-occur and the presence of one doubles the risk for the other, which brings disabling social and health consequences. Increasing evidence supports integrated treatment of co-occurring MDE and AUD, including combined medications for both conditions as well as behavioral therapies. While young adults suffer disproportionately from these co-occurring conditions, little is known about their treatment utilization. Using nationally representative data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 2011-2019, this study examined temporal trends and disparities in the prevalence and treatment use for co-occurring MDE and AUD among young adults aged 18-25 in the U.S. Across the survey time, an increasing trend of MDE was revealed, whereas the prevalence of AUD decreased significantly. Meanwhile, the prevalence of co-occurring MDE and AUD remained steady. Among young adults with co-occurring MDE and AUD, while treatment use for MDE increased from 2011 to 2019, treatment use for AUD and co-occurring conditions remained stable. Observed widening disparities in co-occurring treatments utilized among young adults ages 18-25 are further perpetuated by gender, emerging adulthood, and socioeconomic status, warranting immediate action. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).