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WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT: Following their experience, patients with physical restraints often experienced traumatic sensations. The experiences of healthcare professionals' (HCPs') are primarily concerned with moral distress or conflicts between loyalty to the treatment and oppression of the patient's freedom when implementing RIs. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE: Improving the competency of HCPs can help establish therapeutic relationships rooted in compassionate care and facilitate appropriate assessments to determine whether and how often RIs are necessary. Furthermore, fostering an environment that guarantees patient safety and dignity, assuring a sufficient staffing ratio, and providing opportunities to share RI experiences can help improve the quality of care and build safe environments for RIs. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Effective interaction between HCPs and patients, thorough patient assessment, and compassionate patient care may improve competency of HCPs intervene RIs procedures. Creating a safe therapeutic environment, including improvements to structural environments, increasing the staff-to-patient ratio, establishing organizational policies that guarantee staff debriefing, provide emotional support, provide appropriate training programs to HCPs to their coping skills during RIs also reduce the use of RIs and improve the quality of mental health care. ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Restrictive interventions (RIs) are used in psychiatric inpatient units for ensuring safety. However, few studies have comprehensively reviewed physical restraint and seclusion experiences from the perspectives of both patients and healthcare professionals' (HCPs'). This study aims to gain an in-depth understanding of the RI experiences of mental health inpatients and HCPs. METHODS: A meta-synthesis was undertaken of qualitative studies exploring the RI experiences. Five electronic databases were searched and additional manual searches were performed for studies published within the last decade. Twelve articles were included, and a thematic analysis was conducted. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) checklist was used to assess data quality. FINDINGS: Two main subthemes were identified: 'Competency of HCPs' (three subthemes: interaction between patients and HCPs, assessment methods, and care) and 'systems' (three subthemes: environment, protocols with training, and debriefing), including both positive and negative experiences. DISCUSSION: The Competency of HCPs and the ward environment are critical factors related to patients' unmet needs. Effective interactions between HCPs and patients, thorough patient assessments, and compassionate patient care are important elements of RI implementation. CONCLUSION: An environment that guarantees safety and care with dignity, sufficient staffing ratios, and opportunities to share RI experiences may improve quality of care and create safe environments for RIs.
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BACKGROUND: Self-management has become important as a complementary approach to the recovery of patients with mood disorders, and the need for a remote intervention program has been revealed in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review is to systematically review the studies for evidence on the effects of online self-management interventions based on cognitive behavioral therapy or psychoeducation for patients with mood disorders and to verify the statistical significance of the effectiveness of the interventions. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search will be conducted using a search strategy in nine electronic bibliographic databases and will include all randomized controlled trial studies conducted up through December 2021. In addition, unpublished dissertations will be reviewed to minimize publication bias and to include a wider range of research. All steps in selecting the final studies to be included in the review will be performed independently by two researchers, and any discrepancies will be resolved through discussion. RESULTS: Institutional review board approval was not required because this study was not conducted on people. Systematic literature searches, data extraction, narrative synthesis, meta-analysis, and final writing of the systematic review and meta-analysis are expected to be completed by 2023. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review will provide a rationale for the development of web-based or online self-management interventions for the recovery of patients with mood disorders and will be used as a clinically meaningful reference in terms of mental health management. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/45528.
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PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify regional differences in problem drinking among adult males in single-person households and predict the determinants. METHODS: This study used data from the 2019 Community Health Survey. Geographically weighted regression analysis was performed on 8,625 adult males in single-person households who had been consuming alcohol for the past year. The Si-Gun-Gu was selected as the spatial unit. RESULTS: The top 10 regions for problem drinking among adult males in single-person households were located in the Jeju-do and Jeollanam-do areas near the southern coast, whereas the bottom 10 regions were located in the Incheon and northern Gyeonggi-do areas. Smoking, economic activity, and educational level were common factors affecting problem drinking among this population. Among the determinants of regional disparities in problem drinking among adult males in single-person households, personal factors included age, smoking, depression level, economic activity, educational level, and leisure activity, while regional factors included population and karaoke venue ratio. CONCLUSION: Problem drinking among adult males in single-person households varies by region, and the variables affecting each particular area differ. Therefore, it is necessary to develop interventions tailored to individuals and regions that reflect the characteristics of each region by prioritizing smoking, economic activity, and educational level as the common factors.