RESUMEN
Protein complexes are key molecular entities that integrate multiple gene products to perform cellular functions. Here we report the first genome-wide screen for complexes in an organism, budding yeast, using affinity purification and mass spectrometry. Through systematic tagging of open reading frames (ORFs), the majority of complexes were purified several times, suggesting screen saturation. The richness of the data set enabled a de novo characterization of the composition and organization of the cellular machinery. The ensemble of cellular proteins partitions into 491 complexes, of which 257 are novel, that differentially combine with additional attachment proteins or protein modules to enable a diversification of potential functions. Support for this modular organization of the proteome comes from integration with available data on expression, localization, function, evolutionary conservation, protein structure and binary interactions. This study provides the largest collection of physically determined eukaryotic cellular machines so far and a platform for biological data integration and modelling.
Asunto(s)
Proteoma/metabolismo , Proteómica , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/citología , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Genoma Fúngico , Complejos Multiproteicos/química , Complejos Multiproteicos/genética , Complejos Multiproteicos/metabolismo , Sistemas de Lectura Abierta/genética , Fenotipo , Proteoma/química , Proteoma/genética , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/química , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genéticaRESUMEN
The incidence and severity of obesity and type 2 diabetes are increasing in Western societies. The progression of obesity to type 2 diabetes is gradual with overlapping symptoms of insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemias, ion imbalance, and inflammation; this complex syndrome has been called diabesity. We describe here comparisons of gene expression in livers of A/a (agouti) vs. A(vy)/A (obese yellow) segregants (i.e., littermates) from BALB/cStCrlfC3H/Nctr x VYWffC3Hf/Nctr-A(vy)/a matings in response to 70% and 100% of ad libitum caloric intakes of a reproducible diet. Twenty-eight (28) genes regulated by diet, genotype, or diet x genotype interactions mapped to diabesity quantitative trait loci. A subset of the identified genes is linked to abnormal physiological signs observed in obesity and diabetes.
Asunto(s)
Restricción Calórica/métodos , Ingestión de Energía/genética , Genes/genética , Obesidad/genética , Animales , Cruzamiento , Mapeo Cromosómico/métodos , Dieta , Femenino , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/genética , Ligamiento Genético/genética , Marcadores Genéticos/genética , Genotipo , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones Endogámicos C3H , Ratones Endogámicos , Ratones Obesos , Sitios de Carácter Cuantitativo/genética , Aumento de Peso/genéticaRESUMEN
Most cellular processes are carried out by multiprotein complexes. The identification and analysis of their components provides insight into how the ensemble of expressed proteins (proteome) is organized into functional units. We used tandem-affinity purification (TAP) and mass spectrometry in a large-scale approach to characterize multiprotein complexes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We processed 1,739 genes, including 1,143 human orthologues of relevance to human biology, and purified 589 protein assemblies. Bioinformatic analysis of these assemblies defined 232 distinct multiprotein complexes and proposed new cellular roles for 344 proteins, including 231 proteins with no previous functional annotation. Comparison of yeast and human complexes showed that conservation across species extends from single proteins to their molecular environment. Our analysis provides an outline of the eukaryotic proteome as a network of protein complexes at a level of organization beyond binary interactions. This higher-order map contains fundamental biological information and offers the context for a more reasoned and informed approach to drug discovery.