Nonomuraea phyllanthi sp. nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the leaf of Phyllanthus amarus.

A novel actinomycete, strain PA1-10T, isolated from the leaf of Phyllanthus amarus collected from Bangkok, Thailand, was characterized taxonomically using a polyphasic approach. This strain contained the characteristics consistent with those of members of the genus Nonomuraea. It formed short rugose spore chain on aerial mycelium. The diamino acid in cell wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. Galactose, glucose, madurose, mannose, and ribose were found in whole-cell hydrolysates. Predominant menaquinones were MK-9 (H2), MK-9 (H4), and MK-9 (H6). Major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16:0 and C17:0 10-methyl. Phospholipid profiles were composed of phosphatidylinositol mannoside (PIM), lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine (lyso-PE), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), methylphosphatidylethanolamine (PME), diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and phosphatidylglycerol (PG). The G + C content of DNA was 71.2 mol%. Strain PA1-10T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Nonomuraea candida JCM 15928T (98.35%) and shared the same node with Nonomuraea maritima JCM 18321T in the phylogenetic tree analysis. Based on the phenotypic characteristics, DNA-DNA relatedness, and average nucleotide identity (ANI), the strain is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea phyllanthi is proposed. The type strain is PA1-10T (= JCM 33073T = NBRC 112774T = TISTR 2497T).

Microbispora catharanthi sp. nov., a novel endophytic actinomycete isolated from the root of Catharanthus roseus.

Strain CR1-09T, an actinomycete isolated from the root of Catharanthus roseus, was taxonomically studied based upon polyphasic approaches. The isolate formed a pair of ovular to circular, smooth-surfaced spores on short sporophores alternately branched from aerial mycelia. It contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in cell wall peptidoglycans. The major menaquinones were MK-9 (H4) and MK-9 (H2). The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. The polar lipids profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyl phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides, and unidentified ninhydrin positive phosphoglycolipids. Strain CR1-09T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Microbispora tritici DSM 104650T (99.5 %). Based on the polyphasic approach, DNA-DNA relatedness and average nucleotide identity (ANI), the strain is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Microbispora, for which the name Microbispora catharanthi is proposed. The type strain is strain CR1-09T (=JCM 30045T=TISTR 2273T).

Streptomyces mimosae sp. nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the root of Mimosa pudica in Thailand.

An endophytic actinomycete, strain 3MP-10T, isolated from the root of Mimosa pudica was taxonomically studied based upon polyphasic approaches. This strain formed spiral spore chains on aerial mycelia. ll-Diaminopimelic acid, glucose and ribose were found in the whole-cell hydrolysates. It belonged to the genus Streptomyces and was closely related to Streptomyces zhaozhouensis DSM 42101T (98.9 %) and Streptomyces sedi JCM 16909T (98.6 %) based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis results. The major menaquinones were MK-10(H8), MK-10(H6) and MK-9(H8). The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. The detected phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. Strain 3MP-10T had a genome size of 7.2 Mb with a genome G+C content of 73.4 mol%. Results of in silico genome-based similarity analysis revealed ANIb values of 84.94 and 84.77 %, ANIm values of 88.01 and 87.92 %, and dDDH values of 29.9 and 29.6 % when compared with S. zhaozhouensis DSM 42101T and S. sedi JCM 16909T, respectively. Based on the polyphasic approach, digital DNA-DNA relatedness and average nucleotide identity, we propose that the novel actinomycete represents a novel species, Streptomyces mimosae, with type strain 3MP-10T (=JCM 33328T=TISTR 2646T).

Streptomyces phyllanthi sp. nov., isolated from the stem of Phyllanthus amarus.

The novel endophytic actinomycete strain PA1-07T was isolated from the stem of Phyllanthus amarus. The strain displayed the consistent characteristics of members of the genus Streptomyces. The strain produced short spiral spore chains on aerial mycelia. It grew at pH 5-9, at 40 °C and with a maximum of 5 % (w/v) NaCl. It contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glucose and ribose in the whole-cell hydrolysate. The major cellular menaquinones were MK-9(H4), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8), while the major cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. The polar lipids were composed of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol mannoside and four unknown lipids. The DNA G+C content of the strain was 71 mol%. The strain showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Streptomyces curacoi JCM 4219T (98.77 %). The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain PA1-07T and S. curacoi JCM 4219T were lower than 70 %, the cut-off level for assigning strains to the same species. On the basis of these phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, the strain could be distinguished from closely related species of the genus Streptomyces and thus represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces phyllanthi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PA1-07T (=JCM 30865T=KCTC 39785T=TISTR 2346T).

Amycolatopsis stemonae sp. nov., isolated from a Thai medicinal plant.

A novel actinomycete, strain ST1-08T, was isolated from the stem of Stemona sp. in Thailand. The taxonomic position of this isolate was determined by using a polyphasic approach. Strain ST1-08T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and arabinose and galactose as diagnostic sugars of the whole-cell hydrolysate, which are typical properties of members of the genus Amycolatopsis. Strain ST1-08T grew at 15-40 °C, pH 6-9 and on 5 % (w/v) NaCl. Gelatin liquefaction, starch hydrolysis and skimmed milk peptonization were positive. The strain utilized l-arabinose, d-glucose, glycerol, myo-inositol, d-mannitol and l-rhamnose. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4) and the major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0.The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyl-phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylglycerol. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the strain was closely related to Amycolatopsis pretoriensis JCM 12673T (98.99 %) and Amycolatopsis lexingtonensis JCM 12672T (98.87 %). The DNA G+C content of strain ST1-08T was 71.2 mol%. The DNA-DNA relatedness values among strain ST1-08T, A. pretoriensis JCM 12673T and A. lexingtonensis JCM 12672T were lower than 70 %, the cut-off level for assigning strains to the same species. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, strain ST1-08T represents a novel species of the genus Amycolatopsis, for which the name Amycolatopsis stemonae is proposed. The type strain is ST1-08T( = JCM 30050T = PCU 339T = TISTR 2278T).