[Diagnostic and treatment principles in primary tumors of flat bones]. / Printsipy diagnostiki i lecheniia pervichnykh opukholei ploskikh kostei.

Tumors of ribs, the scapula, sternum and clavicle make 5.6% of all bone tumors. To diagnose the former it is necessary to use a complex method, which includes along with clinico-roentgenological also special (radioisotope, morphological) methods of examination. The treatment of these lesions depends on the character of tumor process, its stage, histogenesis and localization.

[Formation of malignant tumors in benign bone neoplasms and osteomyelitis]. / O vozniknovenii zlokachestvennykh opukholei pri dobrokachestvennykh novoobrazovaniiakh kostei i osteomielite.

The study of 819 cases of tumors and tumor-like lesions of long tubular and flat bones and 139 cases of chronic fistulous osteomyelitis formed the basis for identification of malignant transformation-causing factors and development of measures for preventing secondary bony sarcomas.

[Course and outcome of treatment of synovial sarcoma]. / Techenie i iskohody lecheniia sinovial'noi sarkomy

The results of exploration of 126 patients with synovial sarcoma are reported; males -- 70, females -- 54, aged from 4 to 74 years old. The tumor was found to be localized as follows: the extremities -- 117 (upper -- 33, lower -- 84), and the body -- 9 patients. Seven structural variants of synovial sarcoma were differentiated: 1) alveolar -- 19, 2) adenomatous -- 10, 3) histioid -- 65, 4) perithelial --3, 5) fibrous -- 6, 6) gigantic-cell -- 3 and 7) mixed -- 20 patients. The patients were treated surgically (56 patients) and using the combined technics (70 patients). The most favourable results were noted in treatment of patients with adenomatous and fibrous types of synovial sarcoma, worse issues -- in patients with gigantic-cell and perithelial forms. Synovial sarcomas of histioid and mixed types occupy the intermediate place. The most malignant character of the neoplasm was observed in patients with alveolar tumor.

[Treatment results in chordomas of the saccrococcygeal area]. / Rezul'taty lecheniia bol'nykh khordomami kresttsovo-kopchikovoi lokalizatsii.

The influence of various factors on the survival of 40 patients with sacral chordoma is considered. Irrespective of type of therapy, the 5-year survival after treatment of malignant chordoma was 31.5 +/- 14.6%, while in cases of benign chordoma it was 73.9 +/- 10.0%. The 10 year survival rates were 31.5 +/- 14.6 and 34.2 +/- 10.8%, respectively. The 5-year survival rates increased 3-fold after ablastic removal of tumor and by 37.9% after combination therapy (surgery + radiation). The age and sex differences had no significant prognostic value. Radical ablastic removal of sacral chordoma is of great prognostic value since it ensures favorable prognosis, irrespective of morphological type of tumor.

[Functional characteristics of the endocrine glands in skin melanoma patients]. / Osobennosti funktsii nekotorykh éndokrinnykh zhelez u bol'nykh melanomoi kozhi.

TI-2NOMO skin melanoma patients revealed pronounced functional disturbances of the pineal gland and pituitary-adrenal system. The decline in functional activity of the former was manifested by a decrease in urine excretion of melatonin. Enhanced levels of blood ACTH, alpha-MSH and cortisole pointed to the activation of pituitary-adrenal system which was particularly high in males. The degree of endocrine disorders was found to be in correlation with tumor stage. As far as pathogenesis of the lesion is concerned, preparations which bring function of endocrine glands to normal should be adjuvant to available treatment modalities for melanoma.

[Diagnosis and treatment of chondromyxoid fibroma of bones]. / Diagnostika i lechenie khondromiksoidnoi fibromy kosti

Under observation were 23 patients, aged from 9 to 57 years, with chondromyxoid fibroma of bones. All patients were treated surgically. In 5 cases the involved bone was resected, in 6--edge resection with homoplasty and in 7--segmental resection with automoplasty were employed, in 4--amputation, in 1--exarticulation in the coxa. 20 patients are being kept under observation for 1-7 years without any recurrence and metastases, one patients is still being treated. Two patients died as a result of lung metastases.

[Diagnostic and treatment problems with osteoblastoclastoma in adults]. / Nekotorye voprosy diagnostiki i lecheniia osteoblastoklastomy u vzroslykh.

Under analysis were 199 patients with osteoblastoclastoma (OBC), 178 patients having benign and 21 malignant forms. Rentgencontrast and radioisotopic methods were used in addition to clinical general X-ray methods for diagnosis of OBC. For the treatment of benign OBC preserving-restorative operations were made, while in malignant forms both preserving-restorative and invalidating operations had to be fulfilled. Late results of treatment of all the patients within the period from 1 to 10 years are described.

[Past stages and future prospects in the development of conservative operations in bone oncology]. / Proidennye étapy i dal'neishie puti razvitiia sokhrannykh operatsii v kostnoi onkologii.

Organ-preserving operations were performed on 82 patients with malignant tumors of bones. In 58 patients osseous alloplasty was used for substitution of the defects, in 24 patients the defect was substituted by endoprosthesis after resection of the joint ends. Indications for different preserving operations are given.

[Results of treatment of primary bone neoplasms of the sacrococcygeal region]. / Iskhody lecheniia pervichnykh kostnykh opukholei kresttsovo-kopchikovoi oblasti

In the clinic 53 patients with primary bone tumors of the sacrococcygeal region and sacroiliac junctions were observed. Surgical methods of treatment were used in 33, combined--in 7, radiation therapy--in 10, drug therapy--in 3. Recurrences developed in 7 cases, metastases were revealed in 14. The results of treatment in patients with neoplasms in this region were studied. Twenty five patients died from generalization of the process, metastases, intestinal obstruction and uremia. The remaining 28 patients have been followed up within the terms from 1 to 5 years and longer.

[Prognostic value of various factors in the treatment of patients with primary malignant tumors of the pelvic bones]. / Prognosticheskoe znachenie razlichnykh faktorov v lechenii bol'nykh pervixhnymi zlokachestvennymi opukholiami kostei taza.

The time of life of 219 patients with primary malignant tumors of bones of the pelvis were analyzed in order to study the influence of different factors on the survival rate of the patients. It was shown that a considerable improvement of some results in the treatment of chondrosarcomas and chordomas was achieved after ablative removal of tumors, in reticulosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma--after a combined chemo-radial treatment with prophylactic courses of the therapy during 2 years. The combination of operation and radiotherapy for the treatment of chordomas gave a reliably higher survival of the patients within 5 years of observation. Prognosis in osteogenic sarcoma and angiosarcoma are extremely unfavorable regardless of the method of treatment.

[Individual endoprosthesis of the joints and bone defects of the extremities in the surgical treatment of patients with skeletal tumors]. / Individual'noe éndoprotezirovanie sustavov i defektov kostei konechnostei pri operativnom lechenii bol'nykh s opukholiami skeleta.

The authors describe results of the individual endoprosthesis of joints and defects of extremity bones in 84 patients treated for skeleton tumors. In 80 of them positive results were obtained. In three patients the results were unfavourable. There were no complications due to the construction of individual endoprostheses.

[Surgical treatment of chondroblastoma of bone]. / Khirurgicheskoe lechenie bol'nykh khondroblastomoi kosti.

During 10 years the authors were observing 22 chondroblastoma cases which constituted 0.8% of all the cases of bone tumors or 3.5% of all the observed cases of cartilaginous tumors of the skelton. The most of the patients were at the age under 20. All the patients were operated upon; marginal resection or excochleation of the tumor followed by the alloplasty were performed. The recurrence happened in 1 case only the follow-up has been lasting from 3 months to 10 years.