[Tanatogenesis in patients with caseous pneumonia in relation to sex].

The purpose of the present investigation was to study the composition of patients with caseous pneumonia (CP), its causes, and fetal outcomes in relation to sex. A hundred and ninety-eight patients, including 139 males and 59 females, were examined. There was a high proportion of socially dysadapted persons particularly among males. The females were most needy. For this reason, late tuberculosis with complications as CP (83.3%) or CP as an independent nosological entity was originally detectable in half of the cases. Low survival rates and small lengths of hospital stay were observed. These patients frequently developed specific lesions to other organs (lymph nodes (46%, hematogenic dissemination in every four, etc.) and nonspecific complications, such as edema of the brain or lung, cor pulmonale, etc. In addition to CP, the direct cause of death is other fatal complications in half of the patients. The females proved to be more susceptible.

[Thanatogenesis of respiratory tuberculosis under the present conditions]. / Tanatogenez tuberkuloza organov dykhaniia v sovremennykh usloviiakh.

Autoptic findings of 120 patients with respiratory tuberculosis indicate that under the present-day conditions, the prevalent cause of death was a progressive tuberculous process as caseous pneumonia (89% of cases), which is much higher than our previous findings (42.9% in 1989 versus 66.% in 1994). Caseous pneumonia chiefly resulted from fibrous-cavernous tuberculosis, less frequently from an independent entity or manifestations of disseminated tuberculosis. Fibrous-cavernous tuberculosis, the major clinical form in the deceased, was frequently associated with specific involvement of intrathoracic lymph nodes (10.8% of cases) and also complicated by the hematogenic generalization of the process (6.7%) and specific pericarditis (5.0%). Progressive tuberculosis resulted in its later detection in a third of cases and irregular treatment in two thirds.

[Somatic diseases as cause of death of patients with active tuberculosis]. / Somaticheskie zabolevaniia kak prichina smerti bol'nykh aktivnym tuberkulezom.

Two hundred and fifteen case histories were studied to clarify causes of death in patients with active tuberculosis who had died from it. Males accounted for the largest proportion (86%) (n = 185). Patients above 50 years were 63.3% (n = 136). Two thirds were patients with restrictive tuberculosis without destruction and bacterial isolation. A hundred and fifty (70%) and 30% patients died from somatic diseases and other causes (sequels to alcohol abuse, violent death, suicide, etc.), respectively. Of the somatic diseases, cardiovascular diseases head the list, cancer ranks next to it, nonspecific respiratory diseases occupy the third place.

[Composition and morphological characteristics of deaths from tuberculosis]. / Sostav i morfologicheskaia kharakteristika letal'nykh iskhodov ot tuberkuleza.

Two hundred and forty eighty deaths from pulmonary tuberculosis were analyzed in adults. The most frequent cause of deaths was progressive tuberculosis, mainly as caseous pneumonia (60.9%) and the less frequent one was a multicavernous process with bronchogenic (28%) and hematogenic (15%) dissemination. The high incidence of specific intrathoracic lymph nodal lesions, which has increased from 10.8% in 1994-1995 to 30.4% in 1997-1999, and a larger number of hematogenic dissemination from 6.7 to 25.6%, respectively, are noteworthy. Progressive tuberculosis was most commonly favoured by the patients' inadequate attitude towards their health: delayed visits to a doctor when they have symptoms of the disease, the absence of fluorographic examinations, treatment errors due to their incompliance.