SPECIFICS OF GAS BUBBLE FORMATION AND GROWTH IN TISSUES DURING DECOMPRESSION AFTER SATURATION DIVES.

It is shown that the decompression schedule after saturation dives to a depth of 30 m designed to hold the nitrogen supersaturation for the most <> tissues at the acceptable levels is significantly shorter than the decompression schedules with zero supersaturation. of these tissues with nitrogen and all dissolved gases. Equality of the risk of decompression sickness (DCS) onset under this decompression schedule to the risk of DCS onset under the rapid ascent to the surface after saturation dives to a depth of 6.1 m indicates that the effect of the high ambient pressure decreases the concentration of seeds of gas bubbles in tissues and their subsequent growth rate. The DCS symptoms in experienced divers under dangerous decompression profiles not appear due to the lower concentration of gas bubble seeds in their tissues relatively to the average level inherent to the many of humans.

[Theoretical analysis of recompression-based therapies of decompression illness].

Theoretical analysis is concerned with the benefits of oxygen, air and nitrogen-helium-oxygen recompression schedules used to treat decompression illness in divers. Mathematical modeling of tissue bubbles dynamics during diving shows that one-hour oxygen recompression to 200 kPa does not diminish essentially the size of bubble enclosed in a layer that reduces tenfold the intensity of gas diffusion from bubbles. However, these bubbles dissolve fully in all the body tissues equally after 2-hr. air compression to 800 kPa and ensuing 2-d decompression by the Russian navy tables, and 1.5-hr. N-He-O2 compression to this pressure followed by 5-day decompression. The overriding advantage of the gas mixture recompression is that it obviates the narcotic action of nitrogen at the peak of chamber pressure and does not create dangerous tissue supersaturation and conditions for emergence of large bubbles at the end of decompression.

[Characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia in servicemen during the military conflict on the Northern Caucasus in 1995-1996].

The data of the examination and treatment of 1150 sick servicemen in different conditions of service in Republic of Chechnya in the military conflict in 1995-1996 are investigated. It was found out that the principal somatic pathology in the structure of sanitary losses of servicemen in the military conflict was respiratory organ diseases, mainly pneumonia, whose etiology as a rule does not depend on the character of the military-and-professional activities and places of troops' distribution. The chief role in the etiology of pneumonia was played by Streptococcus pneumoniae (43.4%). The peculiarities of the clinical picture of pneumoniaduring fighting are stipulated by chronic adaptation overstrain syndrome. Traditional schemes of treatment for such pneumonia do not ensure recovery of the sick within the usual period and do not prevent the development of various complications.

[Change in prostanoid metabolism in cystic kidney lesion]. / Izmenenie metabolizma prostanoidov pri kistoznom porazhenii pochek.

A wide range of renal prostaglandins in cysts has been studied as compared with their content in the daily urine, activity of plasma renin, level of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in the tissues, methionine enkephalin and aldosterone. High activity of renin, met-enkephalin and ACTH was observed in the patients with one cyst. Under renal polycystosis the activity of plasma renin is higher and the amount of ACTH positively decreases. The comparison of prostanoids content in the cystic fluid of a single cyst and polycystic one demonstrates that the polycystic level of all prostanoids in the punctate increase 2-3 times.

[Transvaginal longitudinal ultrasonic study in the diagnosis of bladder cancer]. / Transvaginal'noe prodol'noe ul'trazvukovoe issledovanie v diagnostike raka mochevogo puzyria.

Eight patients with urinary bladder neoplasms, aged 41-66, were examined. Transvaginal longitudinal ultrasonotomography proved effective in diagnosing urinary bladder tumors of any localization and images highly informative.

[Apoptosis and pathomorphology of renal tumors]. / Apoptoz i patomorfoz opukholei pochek.

An analysis was performed of renal tumours in 60 patients with kidney cancer and in two patients with oncocytoma. A study was made against morphological investigations on tumour tissue apoptosis and proliferation. The degree of DNA fragmentation in a biopsy specimen proved to be of value as a guide to detection of apoptosis; the activity of proliferation was studied by the MTT method using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide. Apoptosis has been ascertained in 59 out of 62 cases. The degree of apoptosis (the percentage of DNA fragmentation) was between 0 to 56.2%, the apoptotic cell count tending to decrease with the stage of the tumour process. The extent of cell proliferation was 0.8 to 22.6%; in those patients in the T1N0M0 stage it was much lower than in patients in the T2N0M0/T4N x M1. There was no significant difference between the level of apoptosis, proliferation and spreading of metastases. With growing tumour and degree of its differentiation apoptosis comes to be diminished but the activity of proliferation is noted to be on the increase, which event favours spread of the tumour beyond the organ.

[The affection of the nervous system in patients with malignant tumor of testis]. / Porazhenie nervnoi sistemy u bol'nykh so zlokachestvennoi opukhol'iu iaichka.

Clinical observations of intracranial metastases of seminoma testis were performed together with studying of their morphological types and cerebral localization.

[Pneumonia epidemiology and prophylaxis in servicemen in local wars and military conflicts]. / Osobennosti épidemiologii i profilaktiki pneumonii u voennosluzhashchikh v usloviiakh lokal'nykh voin i vooruzhennykh konfliktov.

The high military-and-epidemiological significance of pneumonia in servicemen during the war in Afghanistan (1979-1989) and the armed conflict in Chechnia (1995-1996) is shown and the measures for increasing the pneumonia incidence in the regions of operations are substantiated. It is established that more than 70% of pneumonia are conditioned by pneumococci that rather frequently show the pathogenic features against the background of viral (usually influenzal) respiratory infection or in association with Hemophilic bacillus, Chlamydia or Mycoplasma. The main factor leading to development of pneumonia during the period of local wars is the decreased organism resistance caused by supercooling, stresses and overwork as well as untreated acute respiratory diseases.

Transvaginal longitudinal ultrasonography in diagnosis of carcinoma of the urinary bladder.

In order to determine the staging of urinary bladder tumors accurately, it is very important to choose a suitable method of treatment and to reach the correct prognosis. In 1974, Watanabe and Holm performed the first transurethral and transrectal ultrasonography. They obtained sonograms of the involved bladder wall by radial scanning using a rotation transducer. The only weak point of this method is the difficulty of staging tumors in the apex, the neck, and the fundus of the bladder by transverse scanning. In 1982, Sekine et al repeated the results of testing a new transrectal transducer for electronic linear scanning in a urologic clinic. However, to our knowledge, no description of the transvaginal technique for routine vesical ultrasonography has appeared in the English-written literature. The purpose of this study is to visualize bladder tumors by longitudinal transvaginal scanning and to evaluate the new method for the staging of urinary bladder tumors.

[Diagnosis of tumors of the bladder and rectum by the method of high-resolution transvaginal echography]. / Diagnostika opukholei mochevogo puzyria i priamoi kishki metodom transvaginal'noi ékhografii vysokogo razresheniia.

Analysis of the results of high resolution transvaginal US-tomography in 32 women with malignant bladder and rectal tumors made it possible to assess the potentialities of this new method for the diagnosis of a degree of local spreading of these tumors. As compared to transabdominal echography UST proved to be more informative in tumors of the cervix, basis and anterior wall of the bladder and in calcifications on the tumor surface which were detected in 3 patients. Transvaginal US-tomography with a contrast study of the rectal walls provided good diagnostic information on a degree of local spreading of malignant rectal tumors. The transvaginal approach showed its advantages in noticeable tumor stenosis of the rectum. Tumor assessment in 3 women with stenosis was made possible owing to this method.