[The relationship between the parameters of mineral density of bone tissue and somatotype in women residing in the Republic of Karelia].

Comprehensive anthropometric and densitometric study using the dual x-ray absorptiometry was conducted to determine the relationship between the mineral density of bone tissue and somatotype in 360 women aged 20 to 87 years, permanently residing in the Republic of Karelia. Significant direct correlation was detected between the somatotype and the amount of mineral substances in the vertebrae, bone mineral density and the area of the lumbar vertebrae. Bone mineral density level of the lumbar vertebrae was higher in women with europlastic and athletic somatotypes, which were characterized by high values of body mass and length, body muscle and fat mass. Low values of bone mineral density of vertebrae were identified in women belonging to subathletic, mesoplastic and stenoplastic somatotypes. The risk of developing osteopenia and osteoporosis is increased in women with low body muscle mass.

The cellular composition of the cerebral cortex of rat fetuses after fractionated low-dose irradiation.

Histological and morphometric studies were performed to address the characteristics of the morphogenesis of the sensorimotor cortex of the brain in rat fetuses subjected to fractionated gamma irradiation during the period from day 6 to day 18 of antenatal development at doses of 5, 25, 30, and 75 cGy. The results showed that fractionated irradiation at doses of 5-75 cGy had adverse effects on the processes of stem cell proliferation in the tissues of the developing cortex and also increased the intensity of cell destruction proportionally to the radiation dose. All cellular zones of the developing cortex showed increases in the absolute number of macroglial cells, which may be associated on the one hand with reactive increases in their production due to functional deficiencies and, on the other, with accelerated transformation of radial gliocytes into macroglial cells. Irradiation at doses of 5-75 cGy decreased the rate of migration of neuroblasts into the primary cortex, as shown by decreases in the numbers of cells in the neural differon in the neocortical rudiment and increases in their levels in the deep layers of the developing cortex.

[Effect of different somatotypes on the intensity of changes of indices of height and body mass during early childhood]. / Vliianie razlichnykh somatotipov na intensivnost' izmenenii rostovykh pokazatelei i massy tela v period pervogo detstva.

Anthropometric study of 1425 children of both sexes aged 4-7 years followed by somatodiagnostics according to R. N. Dorokhov method has revealed that at the age of 4 significant proportion of girls belonged to macrosomal type. In the age period of 5-7 years, most part of the children belonged to mesosomal type. However, among the girls of 5-6 years and the boys of 5-7 years the significant proportion belonged to microsomal type (21.1-28.3% of children studied). The growth of height and body mass is more intensive in girls as compared to boys during the whole period of the first childhood. This regularity was found in all the somatotypes with the exclusion of the boys of macrosomal type aged 6-7 years, in whom the maximal reduction of growth of body length was observed.

[The cellular composition of the iliac lymph nodes and thymus in mice under local x-ray irradiation of the gonads at high and low doses]. / Kletochnyi sostav podvzdoshnykh limfaticheskikh uzlov i vilochkovoi zhelezy u myshei pri lokal'nom rentgenovskom obluchenii gonad bol'shimi i malymi dozami.

The cellular composition of iliac lymph nodes and thymus of 150 male white mice was studied 4 weeks after local irradiation of the gonads by doses 7.34 and 360 cGr by histological and electron microscopic methods. Intact animals and corresponding groups of false irradiation were used as control. Changes of the cellular composition of B-dependent zones of the lymph nodes were shown both after irradiation by high (360 cGr) and low (7 cGr) doses. The effect of irradiation by the dose 34 cGr on the content of certain cell forms was less while the ultrastructural transformations were more pronounced than those caused by weak X-ray irradiation. Certain similarity was established in the dynamics of cell reactions in false irradiation of the animals (imitation control) and irradiation by low doses. A supposition is put forward concerning the influence of non-irradiation factors accompanying the irradiation on the value and character of the response to radiation loads of low intensity.

[Osteogenesis in healthy children and in children with growth retardation depending on body constitution]. / Konstitutsional'naia obuslovlennost' tempov osteogeneza u zdorovukh detei i ego osobennosti u detei s zaderzhkoi rosta.

Somatometric and radiographic study of bones of the hand and of the distal forearm was performed in 258 healthy children and adolescents (148 boys and 110 girls) aged 11-17 years and in 115 children (84 boys and 31 girl) aged 13-16 years which were under the observation due to growth retardation. It was shown that within the groups of the same age children with various somatometric characteristics possessed different levels of skeletal (and therefore, biological) maturity. In the group of healthy children, different variants of skeletal maturation were established, which corresponded to the constitutionally stipulated rates of somatic development including accelerated, average and retarded. In children with growth retardation, the third (retarded) variant of somatic development rate was prevalent, which was also found in the group of healthy children and was accompanied with its peculiar osteogenesis characteristics. In the other cases, when such abnormalities of skeletal maturation as asymmetry in the appearance of ossification centers and synostoses as well as the presence of pseudoepiphyses, were observed, growth retardation could be caused by some endocrine pathology. Thus, the radiographic study enables the differentiated approach to the evaluation of the morphological status of children and adolescents and permits to avoid the unjustified administration of hormonal treatment.

[Cellular composition of cerebral cortex in rat fetuses exposed to low-dose fractionated radiation]. / Kletochnyi sostav kory bol'shogo mozga plodov krysy v usloviiakh fraktsionirovannogo vozdeistviia radiatsii v malykh dozakh.

Using histological and morphometric methods, the peculiarities of sensomotor cortex morphogenesis were studied in rat fetuses subjected to fractionated gamma-irradiation in the period from 6th to 18th prenatal days in doses of 5, 25, 50 and 25-75 cGy. It that an Exposure to a fractionated radiation was found to negatively affect stem cell proliferation in the developing cortex and to increase the intensity of cell destruction in proportion to the radiation dose. The absolute number of macroglial cells was increased in all the cellular zones of developing cortex, that could be the result of both reactive stimulation of their production due to functional insufficiency, and of accelerated transformation of radial gliocytes into macroglia. Irradiation with the doses of 5-75 cGy caused the deceleration of neuroblast migration into the primary cortex, as indicated by the reduction of cell number in neural differon in the neocortical anlage and cell number growth in deeper layers of the developing cortex.

[The function of the immune, reproductive and endocrine body systems during irradiation under exposure to stress factors of a non-radiation nature]. / Sostoianie immunnoi, reproduktivnoi i éndokrinnoi sistem organizma pri obluchenii v usloviiakh vozdeistviia stress-faktorov neradiatsionnoi prirody.

Diverse indexes of the state of immune, reproductive and endocrine systems were studied by morphological, biomechanical and biological methods under the effect of non-radiation stress factors, accompanying irradiation of the animals and their changes under effect of the ionizing irradiation 7 and 360 sGy in doze. It was demonstrated that short-time extreme effect lead to hormonal homeostasis destabilization, compensatory-adaptive transformations in immune system and also influence the indexes of copulation efficiency and intrauterine losses. Ionizing irradiation modifies the response to stress-factors effect with modification depending on the irradiation doze.

[Physique types and the skeletal mineral saturation of young men and women]. / Tipy teloslozheniia i mineral'naia nasyshchennost' skeleta iunoshei i devushek.

The term "massiveness of the skeleton" does not reflect the amount of the mineral component in bones. As demonstrates application of the standard linear x-ray densitometry, in a more "massive" skeleton amount of mineral salts per a volume unit of the osseous tissue is less than in a thin "gracile" skeleton of the thoracal type of constitution. The muscular type of constitution concerning the mineral saturation occupies an intermediate position between the thoracal and digestive constitutional types.

[Effect of participation in certain types of sports on the hand bones of adolescents and youth]. / Vliianie zaniatii nekotorymi vidami sporta na skelet kisti podrostkov i iunoshei.

The effect of such sports training as boxing, basket-ball and football on the hand skeleton was studied. Roentgenograms of hands in 80 young sportsmen 15--17 years old were examined. Synostosis in the hand bones, in distal portion of the forearm and mineral saturation of the metacarpal bones were studied by the standard method of roentgenodensitometry. It was stated that specific loading on the hand bones as a result of sports training (boxing, basket-ball) produces certain adaptive-compensatory changes in the hand bones development and structure. These changes are manifested as: decreasing rate of synostosis in the distal epiphysis of the forearm and hand bones in young boxers; certain time changes in sinostosis of definite parts of basket-ballers' hand skeleton. Their structural changes are seen as increased mineral saturation in the hand bones (more in boxers and less in basket-ballers) that correspondingly results in their increasing resistivity.

[Standard linear x-ray densitometry as a method of intravital determination of the mineral saturation of bone tissue]. / Etalonnaia lineinaia rentgenodensitometriia kak metod prizhizmennogo opredeleniia mineral'noi nasyshchennosti kostnoi tkani.

The method of standard linear roentgenodensitometry represented in the work in comparison with other methods of photo- and densitometry eliminates, to a certain extent, the influence of many side factors affecting the investigation results and allows to establish a real intravital content of phosphorous calcium salts in the bone tissue. The method in question gives an objective quantitative information on the condition of mineral saturation in the human skeleton, can and must find a wide application both for elucidation of the limits of, so called, normal mineral saturation of human bones at different ages and to study bone system adaptation for different environment influences.

[Mineral saturation, ossification and synostosis of the hand bones in adolescents and youth]. / Mineral'naia nasyshchennost', okostenenie i sinostozirovanie kostei kisti podrostkov i iunoshei.

The results on X-ray densitometric studies of the hand bones in adolescent and young people at the age of 10--17 years (369 persons in all) are presented in the work. Processes of mineralization, ossification and synostosis, as the investigation has demonstrated, are closely connected with each other. From the beginning of ossification in the pisiform and sesamoid bones of the first metacarpophalageal joint (11--12 years of age) up to the completion of synostosis in short tubular bones of the hand (15--16 years of age), a decrease of mineral salts is noted in osseous tissue. Hence, accumulation of mineral salts in skeleton of children and adolescent persons does not occur smoothly, but rather distinctly reflects those functional changes which take place in the adolescent organism when the genital glands begin their increased activity.

[Anatomo-topographical characteristics of various acupuncture points in children]. / Anatomo-topograficheskie osobennosti nekotorykh tochek akupunktury u detei.

Peculiarities of layer-by-layer topography of tissues within the limits of the needle depth of certain acupuncture points of wide spectrum of action have been studied in children of early age. This investigation on anatomical topographic peculiarities of acupuncture points in children is necessary for ensuring security of needle reflexotherapy. Peculiarities of the following points have been described: Bâihui (VG-20), Waiguan (TR-5), Neiguan (MC-6), Yinlingquan (RP-9), Sanyinjiao (RP-6), Hegu (GI-4), Zusanli (E-36), Shenmen (C-7), Yanglingquan (VB-34).