[Wild small mammals are the reservoir hosts of the Bartonella genus bacteria in the south of Moscow region].

A total of 103 blood samples collected from wild small mammals captured in the Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve on the south of Moscow region were studied to determine the bartonellae prevalence. The examined species were the yellow-necked mice Apodemus flavicollis (35 samples), the European wood mouse Apodemus uralensis (10 samples), the bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus (51 samples), the house mouse Mus musculus (3 samples), the common vole Microtus arvalis (2 samples), and the shrew Sorex araneus (2 samples). Initially, we obtained 76 bacterial Bartonella-like isolates after plating onto the surface of the solid nutrient media. 66 of them were PCR-positive at least for three of four targets, gltA, ftsZ, ribC and 16S RNA. Thus, the percentage of the infection in the studied community was 64%. Subsequent RFLP assay showed that obtained isolates belonged to the Bartonella grahamii and/or B. taylorii species. In 7 cases we found both bartonellae species in one animal. These data were confirmed by direct sequencing of four ftsZ, four ribC and two gltA amplicons. According to our data, there is no any marked host specificity for these bartonellae species. Now we have laid the bartonellae strain collection consisting of 31 isolates. To our knowledge, this is the first investigation of the bartonellae prevalence in wild small mammals performed in Russia. The comparison of our data with those obtained by European researchers and issues of coinfection by different bartonellae species and host specificity are discussed.

[Reservoirs of the causative agent of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Maritime Territory foci]. / Rezervuary vozbuditelia gemorragicheskoi likhoradki s pochechnym sindromom v ochagakh Primorskogo kraia.

Examinations of 6362 small mammals of 18 species revealed the main reservoirs of the causative agent of hemorrhagic fever with the renal syndrome (HFRS) in foci of the Primorsky Krai, and demonstrated the importance of individual species in the epidemiology of the infection. Data on the circulation in the region of antigenically different serotypes of HFRS virus are presented.

[The role of Hantaan virus serotypes in the etiology of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in the Far East of the USSR]. / Izuchenie roli serotipov khantavirusa v étiologii gemorragicheskoi likhoradki s pochechnym sindromom na Dal'nem Vostoke SSSR.

The employment of two serological tests (indirect fluorescence antibody technique and neutralization test) demonstrated the leading role of Hantaan virus serotype 1 strains isolated from field mice in the pattern of the incidence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Proofs of the etiological importance of strains of serotypes 3 and 5 occurring in brown rats and Cl. rufocanus were obtained. No data on any association of human HFRS cases with strains of serotype 4 isolated from reed voles could be demonstrated.

[Serologic diagnosis of mild, unclear and asymptomatic forms of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome]. / Serologicheskaia diagnostika legkikh, stertykh i bessimptomnykh form gemorragicheskoi likhoradki s pochechnym sindromom.

The use of the serological method (the indirect fluorescent antibody test) for the examination of 255 persons coming in contact with patients having hemorrhagic fever with the renal syndrome (HFRS) in the foci of this infection where outbreaks of group infection had been registered made it possible to detect mild, unclear and asymptomatic forms of HFRS in 17.7-20.9% of cases. The simultaneous titration of 317 serum samples with two antigens revealed that HFRS virus of serotype 1, similar to strain Hantaan from Korea, may cause, besides the classical forms of the disease, the development of mild and asymptomatic forms of this infection.

[Hemorrhagic fever with a renal syndrome in the Maritime Territory]. / Gemorragicheskaia likhoradka s pochechnym sindromom v Primorskom krae.

The sporadic character of the occurrence of hemorrhagic fever with the renal syndrome in the Primorye Territory has been established. Three rodent species have been found to be spontaneously infected with the causative agent of this disease. Antibodies in patients with this disease are detected at its early stages and persist for a long time after convalescence. The possibility of the formation of a contingent immune to hemorrhagic fever, due to the persons who have had mild and asymptomatic forms of this infection has been shown.

[The ecological aspects of the epidemiology of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in the south of the Far East in Russia]. / Ekologicheskie aspekty épidemiologii gemorragicheskoi likhoradki s pochechnym sindromom na iuge Dal'nego Vostoka Rossii.

The data on the relationship between the epizootic process in the population of mice (the source of Hantavirus infection) and the seasonal manifestations of morbidity in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in the southern region of the Russian Far East are presented. The asynchronous course of the epizootic process in the population of rodents causes irregularity in the spread of HFRS in the region and periodicity in the appearance of foci. Seasonal rises in HFRS morbidity coincide with the activity of the epizootic process in the population of mice: spring-summer rises with an increase in the number of infected rodents in the populations of large Japanese field mice and autumn-winter rises in voles.

[Anticonvulsant action of di-N-propylacetate combined with benzodiazepines, phenobarbital and phenytoin]. / Protivosudorozhnoe deistvie di-N-propilatsetata v sochetanii s benzodiazepinami, fenobarbitalom i fenitoinom.

The combined use of di-n-propylacetate with phenazepam, diazepam, phenobarbital or phenytoin was shown to be followed by reciprocal potentiation of the anticonvulsant activity of the drugs in a variety of experimental epileptic seizures in mice according to the tests of shock and antagonism with corasole and thiosemicarbazide. The potentiating effect of the subthreshold dose of di-n-propylacetate on anticonvulsant effects of benzodiazepines, phenobarbital and phenytoin was more pronounced than the effect of the drugs administered in the subthreshold doses on the anticonvulsant activity of di-n-propylacetate. Of both combinations, di-n-propylacetate plus benzodiazepines proved to be most efficacious one. The unidirectional effect of the combined drugs on the different stages of the development of GABA-ergic system inhibitory function in the CNS activity is assumed to be of importance in the mechanism of reciprocal potentiation.

[Effect of pikamilon on the cortical blood supply and microcirculation in the pial arteriole system]. / Vliianie pikamilona na krovosnabzhenie kory i mikrotsirkuliatsiiu v sisteme pial'nykh arteriol.

Pikamilon was shown to increase blood supply in cerebral cortex in conscious rats and rabbits. The increase in blood flow has been revealed under intravenous, intraperitoneal and systemic administration of the drug. There is a pronounced dilatation of pial arterioles under pikamilon action while applied locally. Most dilation occurs in arterioles with the initial diameter of 10-20 microns. With the increase of pial arterioles diameter, dilatory effect of pikamilon, is reduced.

[Change in the behavioral and electrophysiological indices in rats with cerebrovascular disorders]. / Izmenenie povedencheskikh i élektrofiziologicheskikh pokazatelei u krys pri narushenii mozgovogo krovoobrashcheniia.

Behavioural and electrophysiological indexes have been investigated during bilateral ligation of common carotid arteries in rats. It has been established that 24 hours after cerebrovascular disorders blood flow in parietal cortex decreased by 61 +/- 7.8%. At the same time disorders of the vital functions have been observed, namely, death of animals, progressive weight loss, reduced resistance to anoxia. Disorders in instinctive behaviour were noted, such as inversion in preference of dark section to the light one, and diminished elaboration of conditioned reflex in a shuttle-box, as evidenced by the low correct responses to intersignal reactions ratio. In case of cerebrovascular disorders test response was depressed, it reflecting disorders in the cortical system of recurrent inhibition and indicating the decrease in the functional activity of GABAergic processes.

[Mechanism of the antidepressive and learning-stimulating effects of thyroliberin and its analogs]. / K mekhanizmu antidepressantnogo i stimuliruiushchego obuchenie éffektov tiroliberina i ego analogov.

To define the role of different fragments of TRF molecule in its neurotropic activity a number of newly synthesized dipeptides of pyroglutamic acid with beta-alanine residue, GABA or GABA ester have been studied. The compounds were compared with TRF in their ability to influence spontaneous or amphetamine-stimulated locomotor activity in mice and to affect the elaboration of passive avoidance reflex in rats. Unlike TRF, the pyroglutamate dipeptides studied were shown to exhibit no activity in amphetamine potentiation test, thus providing additional evidence of the importance ofthe "histidylproline" fragment in TRF antidepressant effect. On the other hand, the above pyroglutamate derivatives caused a pronounced improvement in the learning abilities of under-trained rats. These dipeptides were shown to be more active in this test than TRF. This suggests the important role of pyroglutamyl moiety in the stimulation of the learning processes.