New entities, new technologies, new findings: A review of the cytologic features of recently established subtypes of renal cell carcinoma.

Several new renal tumor types with distinctive pathologic, epidemiologic, and genetic signatures have recently been adopted in the fourth edition of the World Health Organization classification. In succeeding years, the cytologic features of most of these new types have been described, adding to the trend of increasing diagnostic accuracy for most common renal cell carcinoma subtypes and the important diagnostic role of cytologic sampling in the management and personalization of therapy. The current article reviews the cytologic findings from these recently established renal cell carcinoma subtypes. Emphasis is placed on cytologic diagnostic clues, confirmatory ancillary testing, salient differential diagnoses, and challenges that can be encountered in an attempt to render accurate interpretations in small samples.

Sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma with eosinophilia of the thyroid: Case report of a rare lesion with novel genetic mutation.

Sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma with eosinophilia (SMECE) is a rare primary cancer of the thyroid. This tumor is analogous to other primary tumors of the salivary glands, breast, pancreas, and esophagus. We present a case of this rare tumor with characteristic clinical features, ultrasound images, cytopathology, histopathology, and a heretofore undocumented somatic gene mutation. Additionally, we provide a succinct review of the controversial literature for this uncommon lesion.

Giant cell tumor of temporomandibular joint presenting as a parotid tumor: Challenges in the accurate subclassification of giant cell tumors in an unusual location.

Fine needle aspiration is frequently used as the initial diagnostic procedure in the work-up of head and neck lesions, including soft tissue masses and salivary gland neoplasms. Giant cell tumors (GCTs), both osseous and extraosseous, are benign tumors that occur, albeit rarely, in the head and neck region. Extraosseous GCTs may be further classified based on their tissue of origin and specific anatomic location. Regardless of location, giant cell tumors are morphologically similar and share cytologic and histologic diagnostic criteria. Evaluation of imaging is therefore essential to the correct classification of these tumors. Accurate diagnosis is crucial since the clinical behavior and treatment is significantly different among the subtypes of GCTs. The case presented herein illustrates the diagnostic dilemma between two uncommon entities in an unusual site: GCT of parotid gland and tenosynovial GCT.

Papillary thyroid carcinoma presenting as acute suppurative thyroiditis: A case report and review of the literature.

Acute suppurative thyroiditis is a rare, potentially life-threatening condition. We report the case of a 17-year-old male who initially presented with a thyroid abscess. Due to persistent symptoms and lack of evidence for underlying predisposing factors, he was followed closely and subsequently diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancer. He was successfully managed with surgery. His clinical course, radiological evaluation, and pathology reports are presented here along with a review of the literature. This case of papillary thyroid cancer highlights the need for close follow-up of patients presenting with a thyroid abscess, when other predisposing risk factors are not evident.

Specimen acquisition: ROSEs, gardeners, and gatekeepers.

The use of minimally invasive procedures for diagnosis and treatment decisions means that very often cytological samples are the only material available for testing. Cytology has evolved from a strictly morphological approach to the routine use of immunohistochemistry. The advent of personalized medicine has increased the demand for molecular testing, making rapid on-site evaluation even more relevant. This article presents current rapid on-site evaluation practice patterns in different settings, with a special focus on the variety of professionals involved. Technological advances such as telepathology can help to alleviate distance constraints. This article also provides an overview of telecytopathology, describing challenges to its implementation and how to address them. Issues such as hardware, personnel training, communication, guidelines, validation, use, and future directions are highlighted. Cancer Cytopathol 2017;125(6 suppl):449-54. © 2017 American Cancer Society.

Simultaneous Papillary Carcinoma in Thyroglossal Duct Cyst and Thyroid.

Thyroglossal duct cyst (TDC) is a cystic expansion of a remnant of the thyroglossal duct tract. Carcinomas in the TDC are extremely rare and are usually an incidental finding after the Sistrunk procedure. In this report, an unusual case of a 36-year-old woman with concurrent papillary thyroid carcinoma arising in the TDC and on the thyroid gland is presented, followed by a discussion of the controversies surrounding the possible origins of a papillary carcinoma in the TDC, as well as the current management options.