[Activity of key redox enzymes in rabbits with different typologic features]. / Aktivnost' uzlovykh okislitel'no-vosstanovitel'nykh fermentov u krolikov s raznymi tipologicheskimi osobennostiami.

It has been found that the activity of LDG, PDG, IDG, SDG, NADN-DG, NADFN-DG, CO, G-6-FDG and 6-FGDG in the cerebral cortex, liver and kidneys of rabbits with a strong type of nervous activity, as a rule, is higher than in the animals with a weak type of the nervous system. Between the animals with different types of the nervous system distinctions are also revealed in the character of regulation of a number of metabolic cycles. It is suggested that typological features of the nervous system are determined by the character of metabolic processes.

[Characteristics of biochemical processes of the liver in rats with various types of open-field behavior]. / Osobennosti nekotorykh biokhimicheskikh protsessov v pecheni krys s razlichnymi tipami povedeniia v otkrytom pole.

Respiration and phosphorylation of liver mitochondria, lipid spectrum of the blood serum activity of hepatocytes main microsomal enzymes were studied in outbred rats with various emotionality. It was found that in low-emotional rats, the intensity of phosphorylation processes in liver mitochondria and enzymes activity of hematocytes microsomal oxidative system responsible for detoxication processes,-- was significantly higher than in low-emotional animals. Analogous differences were found in the lipid blood spectrum and in liver mitochondria antioxidant activity of animals with different emotionality. It is supposed that there is an inter-connection between animals behaviour in the open field and the character of biochemical processes in the liver.

[The detoxifying function of the liver following its partial denervation in rats with different autonomic reactivities]. / Detoksitsiruiushchaia funktsiia pecheni posle ee chastichnoi denervatsii u krys s razlichnoi vegetativnoi reaktivnost'iu.

In male rats divided into two groups by their vegetative reactivity ("vagotonics" and "sympathicotonics"), the effect of liver denervation on activity of the monoxygenase enzyme system of the hepatocytes responsible for the hepatic detoxication potential, was studied. The hepatic denervation led to uneven decrease in microsomal monoxygenase enzymes activity in animals with different vegetative reactivity.

[The detoxifying function of the liver following its denervation in rats]. / Detoksikatsionnaia funktsiia pecheni posle ee denervatsii u krys.

The content of cytochrome P450 and b5 as well as basic microsomal enzymatic activity were studied in the liver of mixed male rats within 7 days of subdiaphragmatic vagotomy and/or large and small sympathetic nerves cutting. A decrease in the content of cytochromes and amidopyrine-N-demethylase, aniline-hydroxylase and MADP-H-cytochrome-c-reductase activity was discovered both in the vagotomy and in the sympathectomy. A total denervation of the liver leads to a more significant suppression of enzymatic activity. A revealed acceleration of the blood flow and an insignificant decrease of the oxygen tension in the denervated liver tissue suggest that the above changes were due to switched off regulation of the nervous system rather than to the consequence of hypoxia.

[Emotional behavior and correlation of the processes of membrane and cavity digestion in rats]. / Emotsional'noe povedenie i sootnoshenie protsessov membrannogo i polostnogo pishchevareniia u krys.

Depending on the rats emotional background, unequal invertase and monoglyceride-lipase activity was found which did not correlate with the intensity of synthesis of these enzymes in the enterocytes but depended on the stability or mobility of the enzyme molecules in lipid membranes. The differences found in the amylase activity in the colon homogenates were, probably, connected with different intensity of pancreatic alpha-amylase restoration and own intestine gamma-amylase synthesis.

[In vivo activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes in various pathological conditions]. / Izuchenie in vivo aktivnosti fermentov, metaboliziruiushchikh lekarstvennye veshchestva, pri nekotorykh patologicheskikh sostoianiiakh.

Activity of enzymes, metabolizing drugs, was studied in acute kidney insufficiency and acute purulent peritonitis of rabbits using antipyrine test. In these pathological states the antipyrine half-life was increased and clearance was decreased, thus demonstrating the inhibition of drug-metabolizing enzymes. The data obtained suggest that the antipyrine test may exhibit the rate of drug metabolism in pathological conditions.

[Status of the monooxygenase enzyme system in rat and rabbit organs in sugar diabetes and upon insulin administration]. / Sostoianie monooksigenaznoi fermentnoi sistemy organov krys i krolikov pri sakharnom diabete i vvedenii insulina.

Content of cytochromes P450 and b5, activities of amidopyrine-N-demethylase, alanine- and p-nitrophenol hydroxylases, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase were studied in the liver, kidney, small intestine and lung tissues of rats and rabbits in insulin-dependent hypoglycemia and alloxan diabetes. The diabetes and hypoglycemia caused dissimilar alterations in activity of alanine- and p-nitrophenol hydroxylases, thus indicating their dependence on blood sugar levels. The activity of monooxygenase enzymes studied was altered similarly in rabbit liver and other tissues, while the enzymatic activity was distinctly differentiated in rat tissues. Specific properties of cytochromes P450 isozyme spectra appear to be responsible for these alterations detected.

[Functional state of the rat liver mitochondria in acute kidney failure]. / Funktsional'noe sostoianie mitokhondrii pecheni krys pri ostroi pochechnoi nedostatochnosti.

Activity of mitochondrial enzymes, respiration and oxidative phosphorylation in liver mitochondria were studied in rats with acute kidney insufficiency caused by bilateral nephrectomy. Depending on severity of kidney insufficiency, distinct alterations were observed in the functional state of animal mitochondria, especially during the low energetic shifting even down to uncoupling of respiration and oxidative phosphorylation; the phenomenon appears to be one of reasons of liver tissue failure in uremia.

[The state of the microsomal oxidative system and liver mitochondria in rats after splenectomy]. / Sostoianie mikrosomal'noi okislitel'noi sistemy i mitokhondrii pecheni krys posle splenéktomii.

Activity of main microsomal enzymes and the functional state of liver mitochondria were studied in male rats within 4, 7, 10 and 30 days after splenectomy. Within early periods after the operation content of cytochromes P-450 and b5, activities of amidopyrine N-demethylase, aniline hydroxylase and NADPH cytochrome c reductase were decreased, while the functional state of rat liver mitochondria was impaired. Administration of splenine into the animals within 6 days normalized distinctly the microsomal oxidation and reduced completely the liver mitochondria functional state in the systems involving both substrates of oxidation.

[The status of the monooxygenase enzyme system of the liver in Salmonella infection in rats]. / Sostoianie monooksigenaznoi fermentnoi sistemy pecheni pri sal'monelleznoi infektsii u krys.

Content and activity of microsomal cytochromes P450 and b5, amidopyrine N-demethylase, aniline hydroxylase, NADPH cytochrome c reductase were studied in liver tissue of rats with salmonelliasis. Distinct inhibition of the liver monooxygenase enzymatic system was detected during the acute period of the disease; its normalization was complete within the reconvalescence period. Endotoxinemia appears to be mainly responsible for alterations in the microsomal enzymes activity observed.

[Functional state of cytoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes in rats with acute kidney insufficiency]. / Funktsional'noe sostoianie tsitoplazmaticheskoi seti gepatotsitov u krys s ostroi pochechnoi nedostatochnost'iu.

In acute rat kidney insufficiency, caused by bilateral nephrectomy or ureter ligation, functional activity of hepatocyte cytoplasmic structure was decreased. Estimation of the cytoplasmic structures functional state included studies of hexenal anesthesia duration, determination of cytochromes P-450 and b5 content in liver microsomal fraction as well as of activities of amidopyrine-N-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase. The alterations of these parameters occurred apparently due to the effect of high concentrations of urea on liver tissue.

[Functional state of rat liver mitochondria in experimental peritonitis]. / Funktsional'noe sostoianie mitokhondrii pecheni krys pri éksperimental'nom peritonite.

Respiration and oxidative phosphorylation were studied in liver mitochondria of rats with experimental peritonitis. Peritonitis did not cause any distinct alterations in the functional state of liver mitochondria. Activity of main mitochondrial enzymes was only slightly altered. Inactivation of metabolic toxins occurred in cytoplasm of hepatocytes, i. e. out of mitochondria. Addition of peritoneal exudate at various dilutions to intact isolated mitochondria caused uncoupling of respiration and oxidative phosphorylation.

[The state of the microsomal oxidative system in the liver of rats with acute osteomyelitis of the mandible]. / Sostoianie mikrosomal'noi okislitel'noi sistemy pecheni krys s ostrym osteomielitom nezhnei cheliusti.

Duration of hexenal sleep and activity of main microsomal enzymes in hepatocytes were studied in experimental osteomyelitis of rat mandible. Within 7, 10 and 14 days after the osteomyelitis development content of cytochromes P-450 and b5 as well as activities of amidopyrine N-demethylase, aniline hydroxylase and NADPH cytochrome c reductase were decreased in liver cell microsomal fraction. As liver tissue monooxygenase enzymatic system is inhibited in osteomyelitis the elevated pharmacological activity and toxicity of drugs, metabolized in liver tissue, should be considered under conditions of practical use of these drugs.

[The state of the microsomal oxidative system in the rat liver during fecal peritonitis]. / Sostoianie mikrosomal'noi okislitel'noi sistemy pecheni krys pri ostrom kalovom peritonite.

Content and activity of cytochrome P-450, activity of main microsomal enzymes as well as content of glycogen, lactic and pyruvic acids were studied in liver tissue of rats within 24, 48 and 72 hrs after simulation of acute fecal peritonitis. Inhibition of the enzymatic activity of microsomal oxidative system correlated with hypoxia which developed in liver tissue within all the periods of acute fecal peritonitis studied. At the same time, catalytic activity of cytochrome P-450 was increased towards substrates of the I and II types. Endotoxemia and hypoxia of liver tissue, resulting in activation of phospholipases, appear to be mainly responsible for inhibition of microsomal enzymes activity in liver tissue under conditions of acute peritonitis.

[State of the microsomal oxidative system of the rat liver in acute intestinal obstruction]. / Sostoianie mikrosomal'noi okislitel'noi sistemy pecheni krys pri ostroi kishechnoi neprokhodimosti.

Content of cytochromes P-450 and b5 as well as activities of amidopyrine demethylase, aniline hydroxylase and NADPH cytochrome c reductase were studied in liver tissue of rats with occlusive and strangulational ileus. Distinct inhibition of main microsomal enzymes activity and decrease of cytochromes content in hepatocytes occurred independently on the type of acute intestinal obstruction. Within early periods after surgical operation of the acute intestinal obstruction all the alterations observed were maintained especially distinctly in the strangulational type of the disease.

[The state of the microsomal oxidative system of the rat liver in the postoperative period]. / Sostoianie mikrosomal'noi okislitel'noi sistemy pecheni krys v posleoperatsionnom periode.

A functional state of microsomal enzymatic system was studied in liver tissue of rats within 24, 48 and 72 hrs after surgical operation. Factors of operational treatment and of postoperational period were shown to inhibit distinctly amidopyrine demethylase as well as to decrease the content of cytochromes P-450 and b5 and the glycogen concentration in liver tissue. Content of lactic and pyruvic acids was increased in blood. Depression of the functional state of liver microsomes, occurred as a result of hypoxia, appears to be responsible for the phenomenon of elevated drug toxicity during postoperational period.

[The role of the parasympathetic nervous system in the regulation of microsomal monooxygenase activity in the liver of rats]. / Znachenie parasimpaticheskogo otdela nervnoi sistemy dlia reguliatsii aktivnosti mikrosomal'noi monooksigenazy v pecheni krys.

The effect of vegetative nervous system activation or depression (subdiaphragmatic vagotomy, atropine, proserine and acetylcholine treatments) on the hepatic microsomal enzymes activities has been studied on Wistar male rats. It is found, that hepatic denervation and atropine treatment decreased cytochrome P450 content and aniline hydroxylase activity. Proserine and acetylcholine induced an opposite effect. It is considered that these different changes in the microsomal enzyme activities with variations in the vegetative nervous system state have proved the nervous control of these processes.

[Detoxification function of the liver and body resistance in patients with acute intestinal obstruction]. / Detoksikatsionnaia funktsiia pecheni i rezistentnost' organizma u bol'nykh s ostroi kishechnoi neprokhodimost'iu.

The authors studied the unspecific resistance of the organism according to the ratio of the formed elements of the blood, the detoxification function of the liver by the antipyrine test and evaluation of the acetylation capacity, as well as the leukocyte intoxication index in 42 patients with various types of acute ileus (obstructive, strangulation, dynamic). Ileus was found to reduce the unspecific resistance and the acetylation capacity of the patient's organism with the increased leukocyte intoxication index. In patients with obstructive ileus the antipyrine half-life was increased and was not normalized during treatment. The postoperative period in patients with a marked diminution of unspecific resistance and acetylation capacity of the organism with an increase in the leukocyte intoxication index and antipyrine half-life was characterized by an unfavourable course and the development of various purulent complications.

[The correction of disorders in the microsomal oxidation system of the liver in experimental acute liver failure]. / Korrektsiia narushenii mikrosomal'noi okislitel'noi sistemy pecheni pri éksperimental'noi ostroi pochechnoi nedostatochnosti.

The effect of inductors and hepatic protectors on the detoxification function of the liver was studied in male rats with acute renal insufficiency (ARI). All the agents which were studied (phenobarbital, silibor, zixorin) caused an increase in the content of cytochromes P450 and b5 and in the activity of the main microsomal enzymes in the liver of rats with ARI. At the same time the survival of animals with ARI increased. The use of inductors and hepatic protectors as measures of pathogenetic therapy in disturbed detoxification function of the liver in ARI is promising.

[Nonspecific body resistance in the acetylator phenotype of patients with odontogenic inflammatory processes in the maxillofacial area]. / Nespetsificheskaia rezistentnost' organizma v atsetiliatornyi fenotip u bol'nykh s odontogennymi vospalitel'nymi protsessami cheliustno-litsevoi oblasti.

Nonspecific resistance of the body, intensity of acetylation processes, and acetylator phenotype were studied in adults and children aged 3 to 16, suffering from maxillofacial odontogenic inflammations. The findings evidence that irrespective of the patient's age, development of maxillofacial inflammations is associated with a reduction of the body nonspecific resistance and of acetylation processes intensity, this reduction being the most marked in the patients with acute and chronic osteomyelitis. Patients with the slow acetylation type predominated among the examinees, permitting a hypothesis that this acetylation type favors the development of odontogenic inflammations.