Presence of Human Papillomavirus DNA in Malignant Neoplasia and Non-Malignant Breast Disease.

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Multiple extrinsic and intrinsic factors are associated with this disease's development. Various research groups worldwide have reported the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in samples of malignant breast tumors. Although its role in mammary carcinogenesis is not fully understood, it is known that the HPV genome, once inserted into host cells, has oncogenic capabilities. The present study aimed to detect the presence of HPV DNA in 116 breast tissue biopsies and classify them according to their histology. It was found that 50.9% of the breast biopsies analyzed were malignant neoplasms, of which 74.6% were histologically classified as infiltrating ductal carcinoma. In biopsies with non-malignant breast disease, fibroadenoma was the most common benign neoplasm (39.1%). Detection of HPV DNA was performed through nested PCR using the external primer MY09/11 and the internal primer GP5+/6+. A hybridization assay genotyped HPV. HPV DNA was identified in 20.3% (12/59) of malignant neoplasms and 35% non-malignant breast disease (16/46). It was also detected in 27.3% (3/11) of breast tissue biopsies without alteration. However, there are no statistically significant differences between these groups and the existence of HPV DNA (p = 0.2521). Its presence was more frequent in non-malignant alterations than in malignant neoplasias. The most frequent genotypes in the HPV-positive samples were low-risk (LR) HPV-42 followed by high-risk (HR) HPV-31.

Fibroblast Growth Factor Type 2 (FGF2) Administration Attenuated the Clinical Manifestations of Preeclampsia in a Murine Model Induced by L-NAME.

Background: In preeclampsia, a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, the poor remodeling of spiral arteries leads to placental hypoperfusion and ischemia, provoking generalized maternal endothelial dysfunction and, in severe cases, death. Endothelial and placental remodeling is important for correct pregnancy evolution and is mediated by cytokines and growth factors such as fibroblast growth factor type 2 (FGF2). In this study, we evaluated the effect of human recombinant FGF2 (rhFGF2) administration in a murine model of PE induced by NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) to test if rhFGF2 administration can lessen the clinical manifestations of PE. Methods: Pregnant rats were administrated with 0.9% of NaCl (vehicle), L-NAME (60 mg/kg), FGF2 (666.6 ng/kg), L-NAME+FGF2 or L-NAME + hydralazine (10 mg/kg) from the 10th to 19th days of gestation. Blood pressure (BP), urine protein concentrations and anthropometric values both rat and fetuses were assessed. Histological evaluation of organs from rats delivered by cesarean section was carried out using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results: A PE-like model was established, and it included phenotypes such as maternal hypertension, proteinuria, and fetal growth delay. Compared to the groups treated with L-NAME, the L-NAME + FGF2 group was similar to vehicle: the BP remained stable and the rats did not develop enhanced proteinuria. Both the fetuses and placentas from rats treated with L-NAME + FGF2 had similar values of weight and size compared with the vehicle. Conclusion: The intravenous administration of rhFGF2 showed beneficial and hypotensive effects, reducing the clinical manifestations of PE in the evaluated model.

[Skin cancer incidence in Zacatecas]. / Incidencia de cáncer de piel en Zacatecas.

BACKGROUND: Skin cancer is the most frequent cancer related to ultraviolet radiation. The aim was to estimate the incidence of skin cancer type, melanoma and non-melanoma in Zacatecas, Mexico. METHODS: An epidemiological study was carried out during the period from 2008 to 2012. The data were obtained from the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE), Secretaría de Salud de Zacatecas (SSZ) and a private source, the Centro Médico Alameda. The incidence and the global prevalence were estimated. RESULTS: We studied 958 skin cancer cases, histopathologically confirmed. The cases were distributed as: 63.6 % basal cell carcinomas, 25.8 % squamous cell carcinomas, and 10.6 % melanoma. Significantly higher proportions were observed in women in the basal cell carcinomas (60.4 %) and squamous cell carcinomas (53.4 %). However, in the case of melanoma, the major proportion was observed in men (55.9 %). The more frequent skin cancer location was the face and for basal cell carcinoma was the nose (53 %); for squamous cell carcinomas were the lips (36 %), and for melanoma it was also the nose (40 %). The skin cancer incidence was estimated in 20 cases for each 100 000 inhabitants. Linear regression analysis showed that the skin cancer is increasing at an annual rate of 10.5 %. CONCLUSIONS: The anatomical location indicates that solar UV radiation is a risk factor, since the face is the zone with major exposure to solar radiation.

INTRODUCCIÓN: el cáncer de piel es una neoplasia relacionada con la radiación ultravioleta solar. El objetivo fue estimar la incidencia del cáncer de piel de tipo melanoma y no-melanoma. MÉTODOS: se llevó a cabo un estudio epidemiológico entre 2008 y 2012 en Zacatecas, México. La información se obtuvo de los registros confirmados de cáncer de piel en el Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, el Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, la Secretaría de Salud de Zacatecas y el laboratorio privado del Centro Médico Alameda. Se calculó la incidencia y la prevalencia global. RESULTADOS: se estudiaron 958 casos de cáncer de piel: 63.6 % de carcinoma basocelular, 25.8 % de espinocelular y 10.6 % de melanoma. Se observó una mayor prevalencia de mujeres: 60.4 % en carcinoma basocelular y 53.4 % en carcinoma espinocelular. En el melanoma prevalecieron los hombres (55.9 %). La región anatómica donde predominó el cáncer de piel fue la cara: la nariz (53 %) en carcinoma basocelular, los labios (36 %) en carcinoma espinocelular y la nariz (40 %) en melanoma. La incidencia estimada fue 20 casos por cada 100 000 habitantes. El análisis de regresión lineal mostró que el cáncer de piel se incrementa 10.5 % anualmente. Conclusiones: la ubicación de las lesiones sugiere que un factor de riesgo es la exposición a los rayos solares UV.

Gender as a factor of susceptibility to infection in experimental hydatidosis.

We developed an experimental model of hydatidosis in BALB/c mice with six groups, a group of females and another group of males was infected with PSC of Echinococcus, granulosus. Another two groups were gonadectomised and infected with PSC. and another two groups were healthy controls. They were all bled and sacrificed after sixteen weeks post-infection. The cysts in the abdominal cavity were count, and samples were taken from liver. A microscopic study was made of the tissue around the cyst to evaluate the chronic inflammatory response. In addition the seric levels of estradiol and testosterone by means of radioimmunoassay (RIA) were determined. The results were that the females presented a greater number of cysts in liver than the males, in addition the levels to estradiol almost rose to the double in males and females after 16 weeks post-infection, and the testosterone diminished. The granulomatous response around the cysts was greater in the females than in the males. The gonadectomization affected the susceptibility to the infection in females, diminishing in number of hepatic cysts found. One concluded that the females are more susceptible to the infection by metacestode of E. granulosrus, than the males. The female displayed one better granulomatous answer than the males. Nevertheless this was not sufficient to eliminate the parasite or to inhibit its growth. The levels of estradiol and testosterone undergo an imbalance, observing that estradiol increased in chronic stages of the infection whereas the testosterone diminishes, which would indicate to us that probably the parasite causes hormonal imbalance in chronic stages, to be able to remain by long periods in its host.