Review on the pharmacological effects and pharmacokinetics of scutellarein.

Scutellarein is a flavonoid from Scutellaria baicalensis  Georgi that has been shown to have a variety of pharmacological activities. This review aims to summarize the pharmacological and pharmacokinetic studies on scutellarein and provide useful information for relevant scholars. Pharmacological studies indicate that scutellarein possesses a diverse range of pharmacological properties, including but not limited to anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, neuroprotective, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anticancer, and cardiovascular protective effects. Further investigation reveals that the pharmacological effects of scutellarein are driven by multiple mechanisms. These mechanisms encompass the scavenging of free radicals, inhibition of the activation of inflammatory signaling pathways and expression of inflammatory mediators, inhibition of the activity of crucial viral proteins, suppression of gluconeogenesis, amelioration of insulin resistance, improvement of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, induction of apoptosis in cancer cells, and prevention of myocardial hypertrophy, among others. In summary, these pharmacological studies suggest that scutellarein holds promise for the treatment of various diseases. It is imperative to conduct clinical studies to further elucidate the therapeutic effects of scutellarein. However, it is worth noting that studies on the pharmacokinetics reveal an inhibitory effect of scutellarein on uridine 5'-diphosphate glucuronide transferases and cytochrome P450 enzymes, potentially posing safety risks.

Analysis of the Development Trend in Forensic Odontology Based on CiteSpace.

OBJECTIVES: To realize the dynamic visualization of forensic odontology based on the bibliometrics methods, and capture the research hotspots and identify the future development trend. METHODS: Literature articles published from January 1995 to December 2020 were searched according to specific subject words in the core data set of Web of Science. The visualization analysis of publishing country, institution, discipline, author, co-cited journal and keywords was performed by CiteSpace 5.7.R5W software. RESULTS: The annual analysis of publications showed an upward trend of forensic odontology research literature year by year, with the number of annual publications more than 110 in the last five years. Developed countries were the main source of contributions and the average centrality was greater than 0.2. The research of forensic odontology involved multiple disciplines, including stomatology, biology, computer science and medical imaging, with a distinct interdisciplinary feature. A total of 115 nodes were obtained by keyword cluster analysis. The principal line of forensic odontology mainly included individual identification and age estimation and the emergence of hotspots was closely related to new technologies. Population-based odontology investigation, improvement of traditional dental age estimation method and dental age estimation based on new technology were popular research in forensic odontology. CONCLUSIONS: Developing countries urgently need to increase the focus on related research. It may be an important direction for the development of forensic odontology to establish and enrich the regional dental database, develop new odontology identification technology combined with frontier and high-end technology, and develop the identification program based on advanced information technology.

The pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of esculin: A comprehensive review.

Cortex fraxini is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine. Esculin is one of the main active ingredients of Cortex fraxini and has attracted more and more attention from scholars. The purpose of the review is to systematically review relevant studies on the pharmacological effects and pharmacokinetic characteristics of esculin to support its further application as therapeutic agents. Pharmacological studies have shown that the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effects of esculin are outstanding. This indicates that esculin is promising to be used to treat a variety of diseases closely related to inflammation and oxidative damage. Esculin has anti-diabetic effect, which is closely related to improving pancreas damage, promoting insulin release, and enhancing glucose homeostasis. In addition, esculin has anti-cancer, antibiosis, anti-virus, neuroprotection, anti-thrombosis and treating eye diseases properties. Pharmacokinetic studies show that esculin can be quickly and evenly distributed in the body. However, the first pass effect of esculin is serious. In short, esculin is promising to treat many diseases, but further high quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of esculin.

Deletion of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 exacerbates renal inflammation and injury in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice through modulation of the nephrin and TNF-alpha-TNFRSF1A signaling.

BACKGROUND: The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been implicated in atherosclerotic lesions and progression to chronic kidney diseases. We examined regulatory roles of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) knockout (KO) kidneys. METHODS: The 3-month-old wild-type, ApoEKO, ACE2KO and ApoE/ACE2 double-KO (DKO) mice in a C57BL/6 background were used. The ApoEKO mice were randomized to daily deliver either Ang II (1.5 mg/kg) and/or human recombinant ACE2 (rhACE2; 2 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. We examined changes in pro-inflammatory cytokines, renal ultrastructure, and pathological signaling in mouse kidneys. RESULTS: Downregulation of ACE2 and nephrin levels was observed in ApoEKO kidneys. Genetic ACE2 deletion resulted in modest elevations in systolic blood pressure levels and Ang II type 1 receptor expression and reduced nephrin expression in kidneys of the ApoE/ACE2 DKO mice with a decrease in renal Ang-(1-7) levels. These changes were linked with marked increases in renal superoxide generation, NADPH oxidase (NOX) 4 and proinflammatory factors levels, including interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-17A, RANTES, ICAM-1, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and TNFRSF1A. Renal dysfunction and ultrastructure injury were aggravated in the ApoE/ACE2 DKO mice and Ang II-infused ApoEKO mice with increased plasma levels of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and enhanced levels of Ang II in plasma and kidneys. The Ang II-mediated reductions of renal ACE2 and nephrin levels in ApoEKO mice were remarkably rescued by rhACE2 supplementation, along with augmentation of renal Ang-(1-7) levels. More importantly, rhACE2 treatment significantly reversed Ang II-induced renal inflammation, superoxide generation, kidney dysfunction and adverse renal injury in ApoEKO mice with suppression of the NOX4 and TNF-alpha-TNFRSF1A signaling. However, rhACE2 had no effect on renal NOX2 and TNFRSF1B expression and circulating lipid levels. CONCLUSIONS: ACE2 deficiency exacerbates kidney inflammation, oxidative stress and adverse renal injury in the ApoE-mutant mice through modulation of the nephrin, NOX4 and TNF-alpha-TNFRSF1A signaling. While rhACE2 supplementation alleviates inflammation, renal dysfunction and glomerulus injury in the ApoE-mutant mice associated with upregulations of Ang-(1-7) levels and nephrin expression and suppression of the TNF-alpha-TNFRSF1A signaling. Strategies aimed at enhancing the ACE2/Ang-(1-7) actions may have important therapeutic potential for atherosclerotic renal injury and kidney diseases.

[The role of histone acetylation in the basolateral amygdala in morphine-associated memory in rats].

To examine the regulatory effect of histone acetylation on memory related molecules, 34 healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into control and basolateral amygdala (BLA) intracranial positioning operation groups. In the process of conditioned place preference (CPP) training, Trichostafin A (TSA) was administrated by the route of BLA and morphine was injected into enterocoelia with dimethyl sulfoxide or saline as control. Expression levels of H3K14 acetylation and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in BLA were evaluated by Western blotting.The results showed that CPP could be established by intraperitoneal injection of morphine. Compared with control groups, a stronger place preference was established and expression of H3K14 acetylation and BDNF was significantly increased in the group treated with TSA and morphine. In addition, there was a synergistic effect between morphine and TSA. Our results suggested that the level of histone acetylation in BLA is associated with the formation of morphine memory in rats. Inhibition of the activity of histone deacetylases in BLA can promote the formation of cue-associated memory induced by morphine and the involvement of BDNF in BLA maybe was regulated by histone acetylation.

TAK1 activates AMPK-dependent cell death pathway in hydrogen peroxide-treated cardiomyocytes, inhibited by heat shock protein-70.

The aim of this current study is to investigate the potential role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cardiomyocyte death, and focused on the signaling mechanisms of AMPK activation by H2O2. We observed a significant AMPK activation in H2O2-treated cardiomyocytes (both primary cells and H9c2 line). Inhibition of AMPK by its inhibitor or RNAi-reduced H2O2-induced cardiomyocyte death. We here proposed that transforming growth factor-ß-activating kinase 1 (TAK1) might be the upstream kinase for AMPK activation by H2O2. H2O2-induced TAK1 activation, which recruited and activated AMPK. TAK1 inhibitor significantly suppressed H2O2-induced AMPK activation and following cardiomyocyte death, while over-expression of TAK1-facilitated AMPK activation and aggregated cardiomyocyte death. Importantly, heat shock protein-70 (HSP-70)-reduced H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, the TAK1/AMPK activation and cardiomyocyte death. In conclusion, we here suggest that TAK1 activates AMPK-dependent cell death pathway in H2O2-treated cardiomyocytes, and HSP-70 inhibits the signaling pathway by reducing ROS content.

Astragalus polysaccharide: a review of its immunomodulatory effect.

The Astragalus polysaccharide is an important bioactive component derived from the dry root of Astragalus membranaceus. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the research progress on the immunomodulatory effect of Astragalus polysaccharide and provide valuable reference information. We review the immunomodulatory effect of Astragalus polysaccharide on central and peripheral immune organs, including bone marrow, thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosal tissues. Furthermore, the immunomodulatory effect of Astragalus polysaccharide on a variety of immune cells is summarized. Studies have shown that Astragalus polysaccharide can promote the activities of macrophages, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and microglia and induce the expression of a variety of cytokines and chemokines. The immunomodulatory effect of Astragalus polysaccharide makes it promising for the treatment of many diseases, including cancer, infection, type 1 diabetes, asthma, and autoimmune disease. Among them, the anticancer effect is the most prominent. In short, Astragalus polysaccharide is a valuable immunomodulatory medicine, but further high-quality studies are warranted to corroborate its clinical efficacy.

[Characteristic of soil fungal community and the influencing factors of Pinus massoniana forests in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region]. / ä¸‰å³¡åº“åŒºé©¬å°¾æ¾æž—åœŸå£¤çœŸèŒç¾¤è½ç‰¹å¾åŠå½±å“å› ç´ .

Soil fungi are important components of belowground biodiversity and play important roles in soil carbon and nutrient cycling. We investigated fungal communities in the top soil (0-10 cm) of 22 Pinus massoniana forests in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region using high-throughput sequencing technique. We found that Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant fungi phyla, and Eurotiales, Russulales, and Tremellales were the most abundant fungi orders. The dominant functional groups in P. massoniana forests were saprophytic fungi, ectomycorrhizal fungi, and ericoid mycorrhizal fungi. Results of redundancy analysis showed that environmental variables but not spatial variables were the main drivers of soil fungal community structure across the 22 P. massoniana forests, which suggested that habitat filtering rather than dispersal limitation shaped soil fungal community structure. Aboveground biomass, soil conductivity, available phosphorus, soil bulk density, carbon to nitrogen ratio, nitrate concentration, and proportion of slit were the main factors explaining the variation in soil fungal community structure. It should be noted that the key factors influencing different fungal functional groups differed across forests.

Activation of the VpdmVGLUT1-VPM pathway contributes to anxiety-like behaviors induced by malocclusion.

Occlusal disharmony has a negative impact on emotion. The mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (Vme) neurons are the primary afferent nuclei that convey proprioceptive information from proprioceptors and low-threshold mechanoreceptors in the periodontal ligament and jaw muscles in the cranio-oro-facial regions. The dorsomedial part of the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus (Vpdm) and the ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) of thalamus have been proven to be crucial relay stations in ascending pathway of proprioception. The VPM sends numerous projections to primary somatosensory areas (SI), which modulate emotion processing. The present study aimed to demonstrate the ascending trigeminal-thalamic-cortex pathway which would mediate malocclusion-induced negative emotion. Unilateral anterior crossbite (UAC) model created by disturbing the dental occlusion was applied. Tract-tracing techniques were used to identify the existence of Vme-Vpdm-VPM pathway and Vpdm-VPM-SI pathway. Chemogenetic and optogenetic methods were taken to modulate the activation of VpdmVGLUT1 neurons and the Vpdm-VPM pathway. Morphological evidence indicated the involvement of the Vme-Vpdm-VPM pathway, Vpdm-VPM-SI pathway and VpdmVGLUT1-VPM pathway in orofacial proprioception in wild-type mice and vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1): tdTomato mice, respectively. Furthermore, chemogenetic inhibition of VpdmVGLUT1 neurons and the Vpdm-VPM pathway alleviated anxiety-like behaviors in a unilateral anterior crossbite (UAC) model, whereas chemogenetic activation induced anxiety-like behaviors in controls and did not aggravate these behaviors in UAC mice. Finally, optogenetic inhibition of the VpdmVGLUT1-VPM pathway in VGLUT1-IRES-Cre mice reversed UAC-induced anxiety comorbidity. In conclusion, these results suggest that the VpdmVGLUT1-VPM neural pathway participates in the modulation of malocclusion-induced anxiety comorbidity. These findings provide new insights into the links between occlusion and emotion and deepen our understanding of the impact of occlusal disharmony on brain dysfunction.

[DFT feature analysis of corn varieties based on near infrared spectra].

The present paper develops a new approach to the analyse of corn based on discrete Fourier transform (DFT). The experiment data is of 37 varieties of corn seed with the Fourier transform near infrared spectrometer in the wave number range from 4 000 to 12 000 cm(-1). Analyse of the origin data found that as the wave number increases, the data noise also increases. Firstly, the paper defines a calculation method of interspecific and intraspecific differences Qm to measure the effectiveness of feature selection. Secondly, Qm was used to analyse the original data and DFT-section data. Experimental results show that by choosing data of DFT with wave number range from 4 000 to 7 085 cm(-1), the mean value and the peak value of the the Qm curve markedly improved relative to the full band original data. The mean value was enhanced from the original 4.804 9 to 8.513 8, and the max of the peak value was enhanced from the original 35.924 0 to 60.821 6, while the min of the peak value was enhanced from the original 2.891 8 to 3.741 5. Data feature points (Qm value of large point) are more concentrated than the original data after DFT. Such a result is most conducive to extracting the characteristics of corn seed.

[Study on discrimination of varieties of corn using near-infrared spectroscopy based on GA and LDA].

A new method for the fast discrimination of varieties of corn based on near-infrared spectroscopy using genetic algorithm and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was proposed. First, data of NIS of 37 varieties of corn was collected, second, genetic algorithm used for choosing the feature band of spectrum, then PCA and LDA were used to extract features, and finally corn seeds were classified. The result showed that GA could remove noise band effectively and improve the generalization ability of LDA. A large number of redundant data was removed to simplify the computing, which resulted in the data dimension reduction from 2075 to 233. For the 300 samples of test set one, the average correct recognition rate and average correct rejection rate attained 99.30% for both, and the average correct recognition rate of 73.33% varieties of corn attained for 100%. For the 175 samples of test set 2 (all of whose varieties had not been trained), the average correct recognition rate attained 99.65%. The run time is shorter and the correct rate is higher compared to the common method of PCA.

[A frequency selection method of NIR spectroscopy for discrimination of maize seed varieties].

A frequency selection method of NIR spectroscopy was proposed in the present paper for discrimination of maize seed varieties. A criterion function was defined to evaluate the discriminative ability of NIR spectroscopy at different frequencies, and then features of maize seed varieties were extracted accordingly for further processing. By eliminating correlation between features at different frequencies, the selected features are guaranteed to contain as much information of inter-variety difference as possible. Also, features with larger variances are preferred to suppress the impact of noise. Experiment results demonstrate that our frequency selection method can achieve high recognition rate with less spectroscopy features than traditional methods. Specifically, a recognition rate as high as 94.16% can be attained with NIR spectroscopy with only 30 frequencies. Simulation results show that recognition rate of NIR spectroscopy at selected frequencies is stable with small disturbance of frequencies, which verifies the robustness of the authors' method.

[Feature analysis and discrimination of varieties of corn based on near infrared spectra].

A new method for the discrimination of varieties of corn was proposed based on the data set of near-infrared spectroscopy range from 4 000 to 12 000 cm(-1) of corn seed varieties. Principal component analysis (PCA) method was used to study the feature of the data, and the authors found that the near-infrared spectroscopy of corn seed varieties has a clear feature of zonal distribution, so the correlativity between the change in the distribution of the principal component and the discrimination result was studied, according to which the normalized principal component analysis (NPCA) method was proposed. Besides, principal direction biomimetic pattern recognition (PBPR) was proposed according to the feature, which got a better discrimination result. The average correct recognition rate attained 97.67% for test set I, and the average correct rejection rate attained 98.40%, with 13 of the 30 varieties reaching the correct recognition rate of 100%; The average correct rejection rate attained 98.90% for the test set II , and 11 of the 30 varieties reached the correct rejection rate of 100%. It was proved that the method had a high correct discrimination rate.

[Association between polymorphism in DVWA and IL-1beta and Kashin-Beck disease].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between IL-1beta and DVWA gene and Kashin-Beck disease (KBD). METHODS: Peripheral genomic DNA were extracted from 105 patients with KBD and 98 healthy controls. PCR-RFLP were performed to detect SNP loci of IL-1beta gene and DVWA gene. RESULTS: The patients with KBD had significantly higher frequency of rs16944 (IL-1beta) locus (chi2 = 24.28, P < 0.001) and single allele frequency of rs16944 (chi2 = 5.683, P = 0.0171) than the healthy controls. There were no significant differences in genotype frequencies,single allele frequencies and haplotypes in rs4685241 and rs1143627 between the patients with KBD and the healthy controls. CONCLUSION: rs16944 (IL-1beta) is associated with KBD.

[Genetic structure of X-STR loci in Bai, Dai and Yi ethnic groups and their affinity with five major populations of China].

To determine the genetic polymorphism of three X-STR loci for Bai, Dai, Yi ethnic groups from Yunnan Province, DXS6804, DXS6799 and DXS7132 were genotyped by multiplex PCR and Genscan. Eighteen alleles and thirty-eight genotypes were detected in 89 Bai unrelated persons. The gene frequencies ranged from 0.0200 to 0.6400, and the geno-types frequencies ranged from 0.0256 to 0.3333. Seventeen alleles and twenty-four genotypes were detected in 100 Dai unrelated persons, with the gene frequencies ranging from 0.0135 to 0.7500 and the genotypes frequencies ranging from 0.0385 to 0.5769 respectively. There were 20 alleles and 35 genotypes detected in 88 Yi unrelated persons. The gene frequencies ranged from 0.0125 to 0.5875, and the genotypes frequencies ranged from 0.0250 to 0.3500. The genetic information demonstrated that the three loci are highly polymorphisms in Bai, Dai, Yi ethnic groups. Cluster analysis and phylogenic tree showed the genetic affinity between Bai, Dai, Yi, and Tibet populations.

Cellular Inflammatory Response of the Spleen After Acute Spinal Cord Injury in Rat.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) involves both primary and secondary damages. After the phase of primary injury, a series of inflammatory responses initiate, which belong to the secondary injury. There has been little investigation into the cellular inflammatory response of the spleen to SCI. To disclose the impact of SCI on the spleen, we examined the inflammatory reactions of the spleen during the acute phase of SCI in rat. Adult rats were used as experimental animals and divided into un-injured, sham, and SCI groups (n = 36). Contusion injuries were produced at the T3 vertebral level. Spinal cords were harvested 6 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 120 h, and 168 h after surgery and were prepared for immunohistochemistry. Spleen wet weight was measured. Blood and spleens were prepared for quantitative analyses. The spleen index was significantly decreased in the SCI groups. Immunohistochemical results showed an increase of the infiltrating cells in the spinal cord tissues from SCI rats at all time points, peaking in 72 h post injury. In the blood, T and B lymphocytes significantly decreased in the SCI group as compared with the sham group, while monocyte increased. Surprisingly, in the SCI group, neutrophil initially decreased and subsequently tended to return toward baseline levels, then remained elevated until the end of the study. Spleen analyses revealed a significant increase in monocyte and neutrophil but a minor (not statistically significant) reduction in T and B lymphocytes. Our data show that the four most prevalent inflammatory cells infiltrate the spinal cord after injury. Increased levels of inflammatory cells (monocyte and neutrophil) in the blood and spleen appear to be very sensitive to SCI. The spleen plays a critical role in the acute phase of SCI.

Experience and enlightenment of out-of-hospital pharmacy management under the 340B drug pricing program in the United States / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To learn from 340B drug pricing program （short for 340B program） in the United States， and provide reference for optimizing the operation and management of designated retail pharmacies under the “dual channel” policy in China. METHODS The status quos of the implementation of out-of-hospital pharmacies under the 340B program in the United States was reviewed to summarize the experience of the management of out-of-hospital pharmacies under the program in the United States， and to propose thoughts of management and possible problems for designated retail pharmacies under the “dual channel” policy in China. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS Out-of-hospital pharmacies under the 340B program lacked sufficient basic information and medical insurance status of patients compared to medical institutions， which easily led to duplicate discounts and drug diversion issues. Due to the separation of out-of-hospital pharmacies from the management and restrictions on the use of drugs in medical institutions， coupled with the economic incentives brought by the sale of drugs， the 340B program in the United States faced high medical expenditure and adverse selection risks for out-of-hospital pharmacies. In this regard， when China is carrying out the construction of designated retail pharmacies under the “dual channel” policy， it is necessary to clarify the selection criteria for designated retail pharmacies， enhance the financial transparency of medical institutions and designated retail pharmacies， establish a scientific prescription circulation mechanism， strengthen the review and certification of insured patients and prescriptions， and improve the supervision and management mechanism. Meanwhile， the drug sales situation of designated retail pharmacies should be reasonably incorporated into the drug use management of medical institutions， so as to achieve the availability of drugs without abuse， and effectively control costs.

Application and management of human genetic resources in China / 上海预防医学

Human genetic resources include specimen samples and related information. The application and regulation of human genetic resources in China started at the end of the 20th century and have progressed rapidly. However， many challenges remain. In this paper， we reviewed the current status of sample conservation and management and provided recommendations for further development of human genetic resources in China. The aim is to effectively protect and rationally utilize China's human genetic resources， safeguard national security and people's health， and promote the building of a community of common health for mankind.

Contents of Heavy Metals in Chinese Edible Herbs: Evidence from a Case Study of Epimedii Folium.

Toxic heavy metal contamination in Chinese edible herbs has raised a worldwide concern. In this study, heavy metals in Epimedii Folium, an edible medicinal plant in China, were quantitatively analyzed. Variations of heavy metals in different species, in various organs (i.e., leaves, stems, and roots), in wild-growing and cultivated plants, and in 35 market samples of Epimedii Folium, were systematically investigated. In all of Epimedium samples, Hg (mercury) was not detectable (0.00 µg/g). Four species, Epimedium pubescens, Epimedium sagittatum, Epimedium brevicornu, and Epimedium wushanense, were found to contain Cu (copper) and Pb (lead). And contents of Cu and Pb in E. brevicornu were significantly higher than those in other species (P < 0.01). In wild-growing and cultivated Epimedium plants, Cd (cadmium) and As (arsenic) were not detectable, and concentrations of Cu and Pb in wild-growing plants were significantly higher than those in cultivated plants (P < 0.01). Cd was not detectable in leaves, roots, and stems, while organ specificity was apparent in the distribution of Cu, As, and Pb. And the highest levels of Cu and Pb were observed in roots and leaves, respectively. In Chinese markets, several samples of Epimedii Folium contained excessive Cu, Cd, As, and Pb beyond the national permissible limits. In summary, there was a large variation of heavy metals among Epimedii Folium samples, and Cu and Pb were the most important heavy metals contaminating the edible medicinal plant. Application of Epimedii Folium to drug and food industries will need to focus more on toxic heavy metal contamination.

Predictive value of four items of new thrombus markers combined with conventional coagulation tests for thrombosis in antiphospholipid syndrome / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the predictive value of four items of new thrombus markers combined with conventional coagulation tests for thrombosis in antiphospholipid syndrome.@*METHODS@#A total of 121 antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) patients who hospitalized at Peking University People's Hospital from March 2022 to January 2023 were selected and divided into thrombus group (50 cases) and nonthrombus group (71 cases) according to whether thrombosis occurred. The differences of laboratory characteristics including antiphospholipid antibodies were compared between the thrombotic and non-thrombotic groups. Chemiluminescent immunoassay was used to detect thrombomodulin (TM), thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), Plasmin-α2 plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC), and tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor complex (t-PAIC) in plasma from venous. The independent risk factors of thrombosis in patients with APS were determined using binary Logistic regression. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was applied to evaluate the efficacy of each index on the prediction of thrombosis.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the patients without thrombosis, the patients with thrombosis were older [49 (32, 64) years vs. 36 (32, 39) years, P < 0.05]. The percentages of male, smoking, hypertension, and global antiphospholipid syndrome score (GAPSS)≥10 in the patients with thrombosis were significantly higher than those in the patients without thrombosis (P < 0.05). The positive rates of anticardiolipin antibody (aCL) and lupus anticoagulant (LA) in the thrombotic group were significantly higher than those in the non-thrombotic group (P < 0.05), and the levels of prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, fibrin degradation product in the thrombotic group were significantly higher than those in the non-thrombotic group (P < 0.05).Among the thrombosis group, venous thrombosis accounted for 19 (38.00%), including deep vein thrombosis (16, 84.21%) and pulmonary embolism accounted (5, 26.32%); Arterial thrombosis accounted for 35 (70.00%), including myocardial infarction (6, 17.14%) cerebral infarction (30, 85.71%). The patients in the thrombotic group had significantly greater TM levels than those in the non-thrombotic group (P < 0.05).There were no significant dif-ferences between the two groups in TAT (Z=-1.420, P=0.156), PIC (Z=-0.064, P=0.949), and t-PAIC (Z=-1.487, P=0.137). Univariate and binary Logistic regression analysis of relevant variables showed that advanced age [OR=1.126, P=0.002], elevated TM [OR=1.325, P=0.048], prolonged prothrombin time (PT) [OR=4.127, P=0.008] were independent risk factors for thrombosis in the patients with APS. ROC curve analysis of the above three independent risk factors showed that the combined detection of age, PT and TM had the highest Yoden index (0.727) and sensitivity (83.0%), with a specificity of 89.7%.@*CONCLUSION@#TAT, PIC, TM, and t-PAIC may reflect thrombus formation from the coagulation system, fibrinolysis system, and endothelial system. The combined of age TM and PT is superior to the application of a single marker, which has diagnostic value for the early identification of APS thrombosis.