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In aqueous solution, a novel triangle-like tungstovanadate estertin derivative K10H10.5[(W4O15(H2O)2){(SnCH2CH2COO)2(V0.75W10.75/V0.25O39)}{{(SnCH2CH2COO)2(µ-OH)}2(SnCH2CH2COO)(VW10O37)}2]·31H2O ((SnR)8-V3W35, R = CH2CH2COO) was assembled by a conventional synthetic method. (SnR)8-V3W35 is composed of one [VW11O39]7- ({VW11}) and two [VW10O37]9- ({VW10}) units connected by eight [Sn(CH2)2COO]2+ groups and a {W4O19} cluster. Interestingly, there exists a pentagonal bipyramid WO7 polyhedral center surrounded by two SnCO5 and three WO6 octahedra, forming a pentagonal {(WO7)W3(SnR)2} cluster in this polyoxometalate (POM), which is also the first example of a pentagonal structure formed by transition metals (TMs) and main group organometals in the POM family. Furthermore, the structure of this organic-inorganic hybrid POM also exhibits the largest number of organotin groups introduced into the POM system. It was characterized with various physico-chemical and spectroscopic methods, including X-ray single crystal and powder diffraction analysis, 119Sn and 51V NMR, IR, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), etc. In addition, the catalytic activity of (SnR)8-V3W35 as a mimic of peroxidase was evaluated using o-phenylenediamine (OPD) as a peroxidase substrate. The major factors influencing the oxidation reaction such as pH, the dosage of (SnR)8-V3W35, and concentrations of OPD and H2O2 were mainly studied. (SnR)8-V3W35 exhibits good peroxidase-like catalytic activity. From another perspective, the successful acquisition of (SnR)8-V3W35 further proves the instability and easy reassembly characteristics of TM-sandwich-type tungstovanadates, which also provides a new assembly strategy for synthesizing POM-estertin derivatives.
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Achievement of national climate targets and the corresponding costs would entirely depend on regional actions within the country. However, because of substantial inequalities and heterogeneities among regions, especially in developing economies, aggressive or uniform actions may exacerbate inequity and induce huge economic losses, which in turn challenges the national climate pledges. Hence, this study extends prior research by proposing economically optimal strategies that can achieve national climate targets and ensure the greatest local and national benefits as well as regional equality. Focusing on the biggest developing country China, we find this strategy can avoid up to 1.54% of cumulative GDP losses for approaching carbon neutrality, and more than 90% of regions would obtain economic gains compared either with existing independently launched targets or with the uniform strategy that all regions achieve peak carbon emissions before 2030. We also provide optimal carbon mitigation pathways to regional peak carbon, carbon intensity and energy consumption.
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Objective To understand the pathogen detection of hospitalized patients before antimicrobial therapy in a hospital through implementation of comprehensive intervention measures,and provide reference basis for the de-velopment of targeted measures.Methods Hospitalized patients who received therapeutic antimicrobial agents in this hospital were selected as the research subjects.Patients who were hospitalized from January to May 2022 were selected as the pre-intervention group,comprehensive intervention measures were taken from June to October 2022,and those who were hospitalized from November 2022 to March 2023 were selected as the post-intervention group.The pathogen detection rate before antimicrobial therapy,sterile specimen detection rate,antimicrobial use rate,de-tection rate of key multidrug-resistant organisms of patients before and after the intervention were analyzed.Results Compared to before intervention,the proportion of pathogen detection rate before antimicrobial therapy(62.09%vs 74.04%),detection rate of healthcare-associated infection diagnosis-related pathogens(62.82%vs 92.73%),and sterile specimen detection rate(35.17%vs 41.06%)of hospitalized patients after intervention all increased signifi-cantly,with statistically significant differences(all P<0.05).After intervention,pathogen detection rate before the combination use of key antimicrobial agents was not statistically different from before intervention(93.33%vs 90.48%,P>0.05),while antimicrobial use rate was lower than before intervention(39.93%vs 44.95%,P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the detection rate of key multidrug-resistant organisms be-fore and after intervention(all P>0.05).Conclusion Adopting scientific and rational intervention measures can improve the pathogen detection rate,provide a reference basis for the rational use of antimicrobial agents.There was no significant improvement in the pathogen detection rate before the combination use of key antimicrobial agents and the detection rate of key multidrug-resistant organisms,indicating that relevant measures still need to be further optimized.
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Objective To investigate the attributable risk(AR)of Acinetobacter baumannii(AB)infection in criti-cally ill patients.Methods A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted among adult patients in inten-sive care unit(ICU).Patients with AB isolated from sterile body fluid and confirmed with AB infection in each cen-ter were selected as the infected group.According to the matching criteria that patients should be from the same pe-riod,in the same ICU,as well as with similar APACHE Ⅱ score(±5 points)and primary diagnosis,patients who did not infect with AB were selected as the non-infected group in a 1:2 ratio.The AR was calculated.Results The in-hospital mortality of patients with AB infection in sterile body fluid was 33.3%,and that of non-infected group was 23.1%,with no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P=0.069).The AR was 10.2%(95%CI:-2.3%-22.8%).There is no statistically significant difference in mortality between non-infected pa-tients and infected patients from whose blood,cerebrospinal fluid and other specimen sources AB were isolated(P>0.05).After infected with AB,critically ill patients with the major diagnosis of pulmonary infection had the high-est AR.There was no statistically significant difference in mortality between patients in the infected and non-infec-ted groups(P>0.05),or between other diagnostic classifications.Conclusion The prognosis of AB infection in critically ill patients is highly overestimated,but active healthcare-associated infection control for AB in the ICU should still be carried out.
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Objective: To investigate the detection types and aggregation of high-risk population of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Jiangsu province and the related influencing factors to provide reference for the prevention and control of cardiovascular disease. Methods: A total of 120 211 participants were included in the investigation. Information was collected by questionnaire based survey, physical examination and biochemical tests. χ2 test and multivariate logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Results: The detection rate of CVD high risk was 25.03%. The detection rates were 19.01%, 4.85%, 3.18% and 5.31% for hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular history and WHO assessed risk ≥20% types, respectively. Male, rural, old age, low education level, low family income, drinking, waist circumference exceeding standard, overweight and obesity were risk factors of CVD (all P<0.01). The composition ratios of aggregation of 1, 2 and ≥3 high risk types of CVD were 74.01%, 22.91% and 3.08%, respectively. With the increase of aggregation types, the correlation strength increased with age, rural residents, education level and annual family income. Conclusion: Targeted measures should be carried out according to different influencing factors for the prevention and control of CVD in Jiangsu province in order to achieve the maximum prevention and control effect with the minimum cost.
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Humanos , Masculino , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , China/epidemiología , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Sobrepeso , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Circunferencia de la CinturaRESUMEN
To study the mechanism of polysaccharides from seeds of Vaccaria segetalis( PSV) in the treatment of bacterial cystitis through the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. The rat model of urinary tract infection was used and treated with PSV,and the urine and bladders were collected. The level of interleukin-10( IL-10) in rat urine was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay( ELISA). Western blot and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the expressions of sonic hedgehog( SHH) and NLRP3 inflammasome [NOD-like receptor thermoprotein domain 3( NLRP3),apoptosis associated speck like protein( ASC) and pro-caspase-1]. The expression of Toll-like receptor pathway was detected by RT-PCR. The death of 5637 cells induced by uropathogenic Escherichia coli( UPEC) and lactate dehydrogenase( LDH) release were evaluated using live/dead staining. The results showed that in the rat bladder,the expressions of SHH,NLRP3 inflammasomes and Toll-like receptors were significantly up-regulated,and NLRP3 inflammasomes were significantly activated by UPEC infection. The administration with PSV could significantly increase the concentration of IL-10 in urine,inhibit the expressions of SHH,NLRP3 inflammasomes and Toll-like receptors in bladder,and inhibit the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes. A large number of 5637 cells were dead after UPEC infection and caused LDH production. PSV could significantly inhibit the death of 5637 cells and the release of LDH. In conclusion,PSV could inhibit the expression and activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes by inhibiting the Toll-like receptor pathway,thereby mitigating the bladder injury.
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Animales , Ratas , Proteínas Hedgehog , Inflamasomas/genética , Interleucina-1beta , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR/genética , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Semillas , Vejiga Urinaria , Infecciones Urinarias/tratamiento farmacológico , VaccariaRESUMEN
Objective:To determine the therapeutic effect of <italic>in vitro</italic> cultivation of bezoar on a mouse model adding disease with syndrome of coronavirus pneumonia with Yidu Xifei syndrome. Method:BALB/c mice were randomly divided into six groups according to their weight grade: normal group, HCoV-229E infection group, cold and damp group, a mouse model combining disease with syndrome of coronavirus pneumonia with Yidu Xifei syndrome, and high and low dose group of <italic>in vitro</italic> cultivation of bezoar. The combination model of human coronavirus pneumonia with Yidu Xifei syndrome mice was established by the method of cold dampness condition stimulation+coronavirus HCoV-229E infection. <italic>In vitro</italic> cultivation of bezoar (0.128,0.064 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>) was administrated by gavage for 3 days from the day of infection. The observation indexes included: general state observation of mice, inhibition rate of lung index and lung index of mice. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) was used to detect the viral load in the lung tissues of mice. Serum levels of motilin(MTL), gastrin (GAS), and cytokines interleukin(IL)-10,IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-<italic>α</italic>(TNF-<italic>α</italic>)and interferon-<italic>γ</italic>(IFN-<italic>γ</italic>) in lung tissue of mice were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The percentages of CD4<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes,CD8<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes in the blood of mice were determined by flow cytometry. Result:The high and low dose group of <italic>in vitro</italic> cultivation of bezoar can significantly improve the general condition of model mice. Compared with blank group, model group mice lung index increased significantly (<italic>P</italic><0.01), nucleic acids significantly increased expression of lung tissue in mice (<italic>P</italic><0.01), significantly higher serum MTL content in mice, GAS content significantly decreased (<italic>P</italic><0.05,<italic>P</italic><0.01), lung tissue cells in the immune factor TNF-<italic>α</italic>, IL-10 and IL-6 were significantly increased (<italic>P</italic><0.01), peripheral blood lymphocyte CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells in mice, The percentages of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and B cells were significantly decreased (<italic>P</italic><0.01). Compared with model group, <italic>in vitro</italic> cultivation bezoar mice lung index of high and low dose group were significantly lower (<italic>P</italic><0.01), the lung tissue of mice express nucleic acid decreased significantly (<italic>P</italic><0.01), MTL content decreased significantly (<italic>P</italic><0.01), the lung tissue of mice in the IL-6, IL-10, the TNF-<italic>α</italic>, IFN-<italic>γ</italic> levels were significantly lower (<italic>P</italic><0.01), <italic>in vitro</italic> cultivation bezoar high dose group can significantly increase the CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell percentage (<italic>P</italic><0.05), <italic>in vitro</italic> cultivation bezoar can to a certain extent reduce model mice lung inflammatory exudation, pulmonary interstitial edema, as well as blood stasis symptoms. Conclusion:<italic>In vitro</italic> cultivation of bezoar has a significant therapeutic effect on a mice model adding disease with syndrome of coronavirus pneumonia with Yidu Xifei syndrome. It can be treated by reducing the lung index of the model mice, improving the pathological damage of the lung tissue, adjusting the immune effective and inhibiting the clearing of inflammatory factors, and to provide a laboratory basis for clinical medication.
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Objective:To explore the effects of Shenwei Ningyu pills (SNP), a new Chinese medicine for depression, on the immunoinflammatory response mediated by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) signaling pathway in the hippocampus of rats exposed to chronic restraint stress (CRS). Method:Forty-four male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly enrolled into a normal group, a model group, an escitalopram group, and an SNP group. Except for the rats in the normal group, all rats were exposed to CRS and isolated rearing for 21 days continuously. Rats in the escitalopram group and the SNP group were administered with escitalopram (30 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>) and SNP (18 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>) one hour prior to CRS, respectively. The changes in body weight, sucrose preference index, horizontal movement scores, and vertical movement scores were observed by body weight assessment, sucrose preference test, and open field test. The expression of hippocampal TLR4 and MyD88 was detected by Western blot. The content of serum interleukin-1<italic>β</italic> (IL-1<italic>β</italic>), IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-<italic>α</italic> (TNF-<italic>α</italic>) was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Result:The results of the behavioral assessment showed that there was no significant difference in the changes of behavioral baselines among the groups before intervention. However, significant differences were found among the groups following different interventions. The body weight, sugar preference index, horizontal movement score, and vertical movement score of rats in the model group decreased after CRS for 21 days as compared with those in the normal group (<italic>P</italic><0.01). The above indicators in the SNP<italic> </italic>group and the escitalopram group were higher than those in the model group (<italic>P</italic><0.01), which indicated that SNP<italic> </italic>exerted an obvious antidepressant effect. The results of Western blot and ELISA showed that compared with the normal group, the model group showed elevated levels of hippocampal TLR4 and MyD88 and serum IL-1<italic>β</italic> and TNF-<italic>α </italic>(<italic>P</italic>˂0.01) and dwindled serum IL-10 (<italic>P</italic>˂0.01), while SNP<italic> </italic>and escitalopram reversed the conditions in the model group (<italic>P</italic>˂0.01) except for TNF-<italic>α</italic>. Conclusion:The present study indicated that the antidepressant effect of SNP was presumedly achieved by inhibiting the immunoinflammatory response mediated by the TLR4/Myd88 signaling pathway in CRS rats.
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Purpose@#Colon cancer-associated transcript 1 (CCAT1) was identified as an oncogenic long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in a variety of cancers. However, there was a lack of understanding of the mechanism by which CCAT1 conferred cisplatin (also known as DDP) resistance in ovarian cancer cells. @*Materials and Methods@#Cell viability of A2780, SKOV3, A2780/DDP, and SKOV3/DDP cells upon cisplatin treatment was monitored by MTT assay. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) detected the expression levels of CCAT1 and miR-454. The effect of sh-CCAT1 on cisplatin response was investigated in xenografts study. Bioinformatic analysis, luciferase reporter assay and qRT-PCR were conducted to validate the direct interaction among CCAT1, miR-454, and survivin. Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry after dual staining of Annexin-V-FITC/propidium iodide, and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, Bax and survivin were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Xenograft study was conducted to monitor in vivo tumor formation. @*Results@#CCAT1 was highly expressed in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cell line A2780/DDP and SKOV3/DDP. Knockdown of CCAT1 restored sensitivity to cisplatin in vitro and in vivo. Our data revealed that silencing of CCAT1 promoted cisplatin-induced apoptosis via modulating the expression of pro- or anti-apoptotic proteins Bax, Bcl-2, and survivin. CCAT1 directly interacted with miR-454, and miR-454 overexpression potentiated cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Survivin was identified as a functional target of miR-454, restoration of survivin attenuated the effect of miR-454 on cisplatin response. In addition, miR-454 inhibitor or overexpression of survivin was found to abolish sh-CCAT1–induced apoptosis upon cisplatin treatment. @*Conclusion@#CCAT1/miR-454/survivin axis conferred cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells.
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This paper aimed to investigate the active components and molecular mechanism of Xiao'er Resuqing Oral Liquid on hand, foot and mouth disease(HFMD) based on network pharmacology and molecular docking methods. The potential active components of 8 herbs in Xiao'er Resuqing Oral Liquid were selected through Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database(TCMSP), Batman database and relevant literature consultation. Then related targets for the medicine were analyzed through PubChem and Swiss Target Prediction database, while related targets for HFMD were analyzed through GeneCards platform. The common targets for medicine and disease were put into STRING database to obtain the potential targets of Xiao'er Resuqing Oral Liquid for treatment of HFMD. The Cytoscape software was used to establish the "herbs-components-targets-disease" network. The protein-protein interaction(PPI) network was constructed based on STRING platform and Cytoscape software to screen the core targets. Based on Metascape platform, GO function enrichment analysis and KEGG signal pathway enrichment analysis were carried out. The main active components and potential key targets of Xiao'er Resuqing Oral Liquid were verified by molecular docking with Autodock vina 1.1.2 software. A total of 118 potential active components and 123 potential targets for treatment of HFMD were collected. PPI network indicated a total of 23 key targets, such as AKT1, MAPK1, IL6, VEGFA, EGFR, TNF, HRAS, CCND1, and CXCL8. GO function enrichment analysis results showed that there were 381 GO biological processes, 127 GO cellular components, and 117 GO molecular functions(P<0.01). KEGG enrichment analysis showed that 116 signal pathways were obtained(P<0.01), and the results showed that it was mainly associated with TNF signal pathway, IL-17 signal pathway, inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. Molecular docking results showed that the main active components all had a high binding ability with the main potential key targets. This study preliminarily investigated the multi-pathways, multi-targets and multi-components molecular mechanism of Xiao'er Resuqing Oral Liquid for treatment of HFMD, providing theoretical references for further researches on its active components and action mechanism.
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Humanos , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Enfermedad de Boca, Mano y Pie , Medicina Tradicional China , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Transducción de SeñalRESUMEN
"TCM syndrome of plague attack lung" is a classification of traditional Chinese medicine syndromes of the novel coronavirus pneumonia by the Beijing Municipal Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. In this study, a mouse model combining disease with syndrome of human coronavirus pneumonia with cold-dampness pestilence attacking the lung was established for the first time, and the therapeutic effect of matrine sodium chloride injection was evaluated based on immune regulation and inflammatory damage. Lung index, lung index inhibition rate and HE stain were used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of matrine sodium chloride injection on the model mice; the viral load in lung tissue was measured by RT-PCR to evaluate its antiviral effect; the percentage of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and B cells were detected by flow cytometry to evaluate its immunomodulatory effect; the production of interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were measured by ELISA to evaluate its anti-inflammatory effect. All interventions and operations in the experiment were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, and conformed to the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals published by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) and Beijing Experimental Animal Ethics Committee. The results showed that intraperitoneal injection of the high-dose (36.67 mL·kg-1·d-1) and low-dose (18.33 mL·kg-1·d-1) of matrine sodium chloride injection significantly improved the pathological damage of lung tissue and reduced lung index. The lung index inhibition rates were 86.86% and 76.53%, respectively. The production of IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, as well as the viral load in lung tissue were reduced significantly compared to the model; the percentage of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and B cells in peripheral blood were increased compared to the model. These results indicated that the matrine sodium chloride injection has an evident therapeutic effect on the model, and its mechanism was related to the inhibition virus replication, regulation of immunity function and inhibition of inflammatory factor release. This study provided laboratory data support for matrine sodium chloride injection which was used to treat the novel coronavirus pneumonia in clinical in Hubei province. These results indicated that the matrine sodium chloride injection has a good prospect for prevention and treatment of the novel coronavirus pneumonia.
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Objective:To study the therapeutic effect of Jinchai Kangbingdu capsule based on human coronavirus pneumonia with 'Hanshi Yidu Xifei' syndrome model, in order to provide experimental basis for evaluating its effect in preventing and treating coronavirus infection. Method:The 48 Balb/c mice were randomly divided into normal group, virus infection group, cold-dampness group, cold-dampness epidemic toxin lung syndrome model group, and high and low-dose Jinchai Kangbingdu capsule groups (1.76, 0.88 g·kg-1·d-1). A cold-dampness stimulation combined with human coronavirus 229E infection was used to imitate human coronavirus pneumonia with 'Hanshi Yidu Xifei' syndrome model. Behavioral characteristics, lung index, viral load, and lung tissue pathological changes in Balb/c mice were observed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Jinchai Kangbingdu capsules. The contents of interleukin-6(IL-6),IL-10,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interferon-γ(IFN-γ) in lung tissue and motilin(MTL),gastrin(GAS) in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), and the contents of CD4+ T cells, CD8 + T cells, and B cells in peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry. Result:Compared with the cold-dampness epidemic toxin lung syndrome model group, Jinchai Kangbingdu capsule can increase the activity and response ability of 'Hanshi Yidu Xifei' syndrome model mice, and change the skin and stool status of mice. High and low-dose Jinchai Kangbingdu capsule groups can significantly reduce the lung index (P<0.01), while significantly increased the content of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and B cells (P<0.05, P<0.01). Low-dose Jinchai Kangbingdu capsule group could significantly decrease the MTL content in serum and the levels of IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ in lung tissue (P<0.01), whereas alleviate the pathological damage of lung tissue. Conclusion:Jinchai Kangbingdu capsule showed a therapeutic effect on human coronavirus pneumonia with 'Hanshi Yidu Xifei' syndrome model, and can improve the behavioral characterization and gastrointestinal index level of cold-dampness syndrome, while reduce lung index and viral load in lung tissue. The mechanism may be related to the decrease of the content of inflammatory factors and the increase of the number of lymphocytes.
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According to the classification of traditional Chinese medicine syndromes of coronavirus disease 2019 by the national competent authority, this study determined that human coronavirus 229 E(HCoV-229 E) was infected in a mouse model of cold and dampness syndrome, so as to build the human coronavirus pneumonia with pestilence attacking lung syndrome model. The model can simulate the traditional Chinese medicine treatment of common disease syndromes in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Diagnosis and Treatment Program(the sixth edition for trial). Specific steps were as follows. ABALB/c mouse model of cold and dampness syndrome was established, based on which, HCoV-229 E virus was infected; then the experiment was divided into normal control group, infection control group, cold-dampness control group, cold-dampness infection group(the model group), high-dose Chaiyin Particles group(8.8 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)), and low-dose Chaiyin Particles group(4.4 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)). On the day of infection, Chaiyin Particles was given for three consecutive days. Lung tissues were collected the day after the last dose, and the lung index and inhibition rate were calculated. The nucleic acid of lung tissue was extracted, and the HCoV-229 E virus load was detected by Real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR. Blood leukocytes were separated, and the percentage of T and B lymphocytes was detected by flow cytometry. Lung tissue protein was extracted, and IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ contents were detected by ELISA. High and low-dose Chaiyin Particles significantly reduced the lung index(P<0.01) of mice of human coronavirus pneumonia with pestilence attacking the lung syndrome, and the inhibition rates were 61.02% and 55.45%, respectively. Compared with the model control group, high and low-dose Chaiyin Particles significantly increased cross blood CD4~+ T lymphocytes, CD8~+T lymphocytes and total B lymphocyte percentage(P<0.05, P<0.01), and reduced IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ levels in lungs(P<0.01). In vitro results showed that TC_(50), TC_0, IC_(50) and TI of Chaiyin Particles were 4.46 mg·mL~(-1), 3.13 mg·mL~(-1), 1.12 mg·mL~(-1) and 4. The control group of in vitro culture cells had no HCoV-229 E virus nucleic acid expression. The expression of HCoV-229 E virus nucleic acid in the virus control group was 1.48×10~7 copies/mL, and Chaiyin Particles significantly reduced HCoV-229 E expression at doses of 3.13 and 1.56 mg·mL~(-1), and the expression of HCoV-229 E nucleic acid was 9.47×10~5 and 9.47×10~6 copies/mL, respectively. Chaiyin Particles has a better effect on the mouse model with human coronavirus pneumonia with pestilence attacking the lung syndrome, and could play a role by enhancing immunity, and reducing inflammatory factor expression.
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Animales , Humanos , Ratones , Coronavirus Humano 229E , Infecciones por Coronavirus , Alergia e Inmunología , Terapéutica , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Usos Terapéuticos , Pulmón , Alergia e Inmunología , Virología , Medicina Tradicional China , Ratones Endogámicos BALB CRESUMEN
Objective:To observe the therapeutic effect of Kesuting syrups and Keqing capsules, which have the function of promoting lung and resolving phlegm, on a mouse model combining disease and syndrome of human coronavirus pneumonia with cold-dampness pestilence attacking lung. Method:The therapeutic effects of Kesuting syrups (the doses of 22, 11 mL·kg-1) and Keqing capsules (the doses of 1.155, 0.577 5 g·kg-1) on this model were evaluated by the inflammatory changes of lung tissue, the expression of viral nucleic acid, the contents of inflammatory factors [interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon-γ (IFN-γ)], and the percentages of immune cells in peripheral blood (CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and B cells). Result:Compared with the model group, high- and low-dose groups of Keqing capsules and Kesuting syrups could significantly reduce the inflammatory damage in the lung tissues of mice, Keqing capsules could significantly increase the percentages of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and B cells in peripheral blood, Keqing capsules and Kesuting syrups could reduce the expression levels of IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ, inhibit the viral load in lung tissue, as well as improve the pathogenic manifestations of lung tissue. Conclusion:As the first-line drugs for novel coronavirus pneumonia, Keqing capsules and Kesuting syrups have significant therapeutic effect on the mouse model combining disease and syndrome of human coronavirus pneumonia with cold-dampness pestilence attacking lung, and the mechanism may be related to regulating immune function and reducing cytokine storm.
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Objective@#To investigate the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in adult residents in Jiangsu province and provide evidence for the prevention and control of hypertension.@*Methods@#A population-based cardiovascular disease screening project was conducted during 2015-2018 in Jiangsu, a total of 95 348 community-dwelling adults aged 35-75 years from 6 project areas were included in the study. The prevalence rate of hypertension and rates of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in the adults with different characteristics were analyzed. Multilevel model was applied to identify the influencing factors.@*Results@#Among 95 348 adults surveyed, 54 407 were hypertensive, the standardized prevalence rate was 48.1%. The prevalence rate was significantly higher in males than in females (62.1% vs. 54.0%, P<0.05). Among the hypertension patients, the rates of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension were 56.6%, 45.3% and 12.0% (standardized rates: 52.2%, 41.0% and 11.2%), respectively, and all the rates were positively associated with age (all P<0.05). Multilevel model analysis showed that those who were males, at older age, lived in rural area, suffered from diabetes, had frequent alcohol drinking and those who were overweight/obese had higher risk for hypertension (all P<0.05). Among people with hypertension, those who had younger age, lower education level, lower household income level and those who had frequent alcohol drinking had lower awareness, treatment and control rates of hypertension (all P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#The prevalence rate of hypertension was high, but related awareness, treatment and control rates were low in adult residents in Jiangsu province. Comprehensive measures should be taken to improve awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in whole population, especially in young adults, and those with low education or income levels.
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Objective@#To understand the prevalence of carotid plaque (CP) in population at high-risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Jiangsu province and identify related influencing factors.@*Methods@#Based on the China Patient-centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events Million Persons Project from 2015 to 2016, a total of 11 392 persons at high-risk for CVD were selected from six project areas in Jiangsu province for the questionnaire survey, physical measurement, laboratory test and bilateral ultrasound examination of carotid arteries. The prevalence of CP and influencing factors of abnormal carotid arteries, CP and plaque burden (CP≥2) were analyzed.@*Results@#Among the persons surveyed, 4 821 (42.3%) were males. The age of the persons surveyed was (59.4±8.9) years. There were 5 971 abnormal carotid arteries cases (52.4%), including 1 782 carotid intima-media thickness thickening cases (15.6%), 3 811 CP cases (33.5%) and 378 carotid stenosis cases (3.3%). Older age (OR=2.253, 95%CI: 2.127-2.386), urban residence (OR=2.622, 95%CI: 2.375-2.895), hypertension (OR=1.439, 95%CI: 1.195-1.732), smoking (OR=1.441, 95%CI: 1.259- 1.650), pulse pressure difference (OR=1.270, 95%CI: 1.198-1.347), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (OR=1.109, 95%CI: 1.059-1.161) and LDL-C/HDL-C (OR=1.225, 95%CI: 1.164-1.288) were possible risk factors of CP in population at high risk for CVD. Being women (OR=0.558, 95%CI: 0.494-0.630), high BMI (OR=0.948, 95%CI: 0.904-0.994), higher levels of education (OR=0.708, 95%CI: 0.531-0.945), and higher annual household income (OR=0.773, 95%CI: 0.669-0.894) were the possible protective factors.@*Conclusions@#Over half of the population at high-risk for CVD in Jiangsu showed abnormal carotid arteries. High blood pressure, high blood glucose, high blood lipids and smoking were the main factors that could be changed.
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Hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease caused by enterovirus in children. It has a high incidence and can cause fatal complications such as pulmonary edema, myocarditis and aseptic meningitis, seriously threatening the health of children. At present, some core problems such as the pathogenesis of disease, the relationship between different genotypes of pathogenic viruses, the pharmacodynamic evaluation methods, and the antiviral mechanism of drugs are still unclear. The construction of disease animal models with simulation performance of human exposure is the key to solve the above problems. Researchers both at home and abroad have established a variety of animal models for HFMD, of which enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) are most common and most widely used. Both EV71 and CA16 are enterovirus A in picornavirus family, so they have similarities in terms of pathogenicity, infection and replication characteristics, clinical symptoms caused by infection and immune response, but also have significant differences in age of susceptibility, method of infection, as well as neurotoxicity, clinical symptoms and signs, and degree of tissue and organ damage. Therefore, researchers shall select and establish proper animal models based on actual conditions, which is critical to the reliability of the results. In this paper, the different types of HFMD animal models established by EV71 and CA16 viruses were reviewed, especially on the species strains, virus strain types, infection methods, and characteristics of viral infections in each model, and the characteristics and clinical symptoms of HFMD induced by EV71 and CA16 were also investigated to provide reference for related research.
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Objective: To evaluate the effect of Chuankezhi injection on mouse model of pneumonia induced by influenza A (H1N1) FM1 strain. Method: ICR mice were randomly divided into normal group, model group, tamiflu control group (27.5 mg·kg-1·d-1) and Chuankezhi injection group (1.5 mL·kg-1·d-1). In the death protection experiment, mice were infected with 2×half lethal dose (LD50) of influenza virus FM1.The Chuankezhi injection was given once a day for 4 days. The number of death animal within 14 days was counted. The mortality and the death protection rate were calculated. In the treatment experiment, mice were infected with 0.8×LD50 of influenza virus, and the Chuankezhi injection was given once a day for 4 days. On the 5th day after the infection, the levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in lung, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and vasopressin (AVP) in brain were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The viral load of influenza virus in lung was tested by Real-time PCR. In the pre-treatment experiment, mice were given Chuankezhi injection once a day for 5 days. 1 hour after the last treatment, mice were infected with 0.8×LD50 influenza virus. 4 days after the infection, the lung index, spleen index, thymus index, and viral load in lung tissue were calculated. Result: Compared with normal group, the IL-8, PGE2 content, lung index and viral load in the lung tissue of model group were significantly increased (P2, and the viral load of influenza(PPPPConclusion: Chuankezhi injection could effectively prevent the mouse model of pneumonia induced by influenza A (H1N1) virus. The mechanism might be related to the reduction of inflammation and inhibiting viral replication.
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Objective To analyze the clustering of major cardiovascular risk factors among population with different level of fasting blood glucose (FBG) in Jiangsu provincial communities. Methods A population-based screening project was conducted during 2015-2017, with 83 522 residents aged 35-75 years from 6 areas included in the study. Prevalence and the clustering of four cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia and smoking) were analyzed. Binary Logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the relationship between FBG and cardiovascular risk factor clustering. Results The prevalence of diabetes was 18.9% among adults aged 35-75 years in Jiangsu province, and 41.4% of them were aware of their disease. Among undiagnosed population, the odd ratios (OR) of cardiovascular risk factors clustering in impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and hyperglycemia group was 1.29 (OR=1.29,95% CI:1.24-1.36,P<0.001) and 1.99 (OR=1.99,95% CI:1.89-2.08,P<0.001), compared with normal FBG group. The control rate of FBG was 15.5% among diagnosed cases. There was no difference in the risk clustering between diabetes patient with and without control of FBG. Conclusions Hyperglycemia and IFG increase the risk of cardiovascular risk factor clustering. Comprehensive interventions should be served as an important role to keep blood glucose at a normal level in high-risk population.
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Objective@#To investigate the prevalence and related factors of obesity and central obesity among 35-75 year-old population in Jiangsu Province. @*Methods@#During 2015-2017,83 530 eligible subjects aged 35-75 years from six study sites of Jiangsu Province were interviewed and examined. The data of demography,lifestyles,disease history,height,weight and waistline were collected. Logistic regression analysis was conducted for the influencing factors for obesity and central obesity.@*Results@#A total of 83 393 residents completed the study,with a response rate of 99.84%. The prevalence of overweight,obesity and central obesity was 43.35%(standardized rate:35.90%),20.02%(19.48%)and 59.93%(57.03%). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that females(OR=0.822,95%CI:0.786-0.859;OR=0.900,95%CI:0.851-0.952;OR=1.130,95%CI:1.083-1.179),45-75 years old(OR:1.120-1.731,95%CI:1.102-1.881),graduating from high school or above(OR:0.767-0.902,95%CI:0.721-0.943),living in urban areas(OR:1.530-2.077,95%CI:1.284-3.007),smoking(OR:0.724-0.855,95%CI:0.678-0.898),drinking (OR:1.125-1.179,95%CI:1.076-1.235),hypertension(OR:1.884-3.461,95%CI:1.821-3.613),diabetes(OR:1.363-1.758,95%CI:1.305-1.851), dyslipidemia(OR:1.478-1.870,95%CI:1.429-1.851)were associated with overweight,obesity and central obesity. @*Conclusion@#The standardized prevalence rates of overweight,obesity and central obesity among 35-75 year-old population in Jiangsu Province are 35.90%,19.48% and 57.03%,respectively. Gender,age,education,residence,smoking,drinking,hypertension,diabetes and dyslipidemia are related factors.