Analysis of the temperature- and fluence-dependent magnetic stress in laser-excited SrRuO3.

We use ultrafast x-ray diffraction to investigate the effect of expansive phononic and contractive magnetic stress driving the picosecond strain response of a metallic perovskite SrRuO3 thin film upon femtosecond laser excitation. We exemplify how the anisotropic bulk equilibrium thermal expansion can be used to predict the response of the thin film to ultrafast deposition of energy. It is key to consider that the laterally homogeneous laser excitation changes the strain response compared to the near-equilibrium thermal expansion because the balanced in-plane stresses suppress the Poisson stress on the picosecond timescale. We find a very large negative Grüneisen constant describing the large contractive stress imposed by a small amount of energy in the spin system. The temperature and fluence dependence of the strain response for a double-pulse excitation scheme demonstrates the saturation of the magnetic stress in the high-fluence regime.

[Effect of the I(f) channel blocker ivabradine on the parameters of external respiration function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in its stable course period].

AIM: To evaluate the effect of the I(f) channel blocker ivabradine on bronchial patency and the volume parameters of external respiration function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in remission in order to determine whether the drug may be used in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) concurrent with COPD. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Heart rate, bronchial patency, and lung volume were studied by body plethysmography in 59 patients with COPD before and 14 days after administration of ivabradine in a daily dose of 10 mg. RESULTS: The I(f) channel blocker ivabradine that is a highly selective bradycardiac agent fails to affect the velocity and volume parameters of external respiration function, thus it may be used to treat CHD concurrent with COPD. CONCLUSION: The I(f) channel blocker ivabradine exerts no effect on external respiration function parameters (bronchial patency, volume parameters) and it can find clinical use in the treatment of angina pectoris and chronic heart failure in patients with CHD concurrent with COPD.

[Effects of systemic glucocorticoid hormones on functional indices of the respiratory system in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during acute phase].

AIM: To evaluate influence of the treatment with systemic glucocorticoid hormones (SGH) during acute exacerbation of moderate and severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on parameters of respiratory function. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 66 patients with severe COPD were included in the study. Airway resistance and lung volumes were measured with plethysmography, lung diffusion capacity - with a single breath method (TLCO SB) and saturation of blood with oxygen was measured with a method of pulseoximetry at admission of patients to a hospital and on day 14 of SGH treatment. RESULTS: Improvement of FEV1 by 26.3%, and a decrease in airway resistance by 44.2% (group 1) were observed only in 20 of 66 patients. In 46 patients improvement of airflow obstruction has not taken place (group 2). Dynamics of lung diffusion capacity and oxygen blood saturation were positive in both investigated groups of patients. TLCO SB has increased by 47.6% in group 1 and by 15.5% in group 2. O2 saturation has increased by 3.2 and 3.1%, respectively. CONCLUSION: COPD symptoms attenuation in patients treated with SCH was associated with an increase in lung diffusion capacity and blood oxygen. Parameters of standard spirometry (FEV1 and FEV1/FVC do not reflect positive results of therapy.

[Role of changes in the hemodynamics of the pulmonary circulation in pulmonary gas exchange]. / Rol' izmenenii gemodinamiki v malom kruge krovoobrashcheniia v legochnom gazoobmene.

High pressure in the lung artery was maintained with the aid of i. v. serotonin administration (0.5 mg/ml) in dogs during 10 min. The simultaneous increase of the intravascular pressure in minor circulation and of the lung volume circulation was followed by an increasing blood volume in lungs, diffusion capacity of lungs, oxygen tension in the arterial blood, and satiation of the latter with oxygen. The combined action of the above two hemodynamic factors aids to opening of latent vascular areas, to a more regular distribution of perfusion over the lung areas according to the ventilation level. This mechanism seems to be one of the first compensatory responses to disturbances in the lung gas exchange.

[Status of hemodynamics and its response to exercise in patients with acute pneumonia]. / Sostoianie gemodinamiki i ee reaktsiia na fizicheskuiu nagruzku u bol'nykh ostroi pnevmoniei.

The patients with croupous and focal pneumonia were examined for the response of systemic hemodynamics (HR, SV, MV, BP, PR) to bicycle ergometry in the acute disease period (after temperature normalization, before discharge from hospital and in 6 months following the clinical recovery). Appreciable disorders of the adaptation mechanisms have been demonstrated. They were especially remarkable in the patients with croupous pneumonia and persisted even after 6 months following the patients' discharged from hospital.

[Assessment of the pulmonary blood flow changes in thromboembolism of small branches of the pulmonary artery]. / Otsenka izmenenii legochnogo krovotoka pri tromboémbolii melkikh vetvei legochnoi arterii.

Patients with thromboembolism of small branches of the pulmonary artery (TESPA) were examined by rheopulmonography (RPG) for the pulmonary blood flow over the zones of thromboembolism and uninvolved parts of the lungs. The study was performed at the initial disease stage, on days 3-7 of the disease and before the patient's discharge from hospital. It was shown that pulmonary circulation undergoes some successive changes. During the first phase, the total vascular hypertension and arterial hypertension of the pulmonary circulation together with occlusion are noted. During the second phase, dilatation of the arterial bed in the healthy zones and normalization of arterial hypertension together with the reduced blood flow in the area of thromboembolism are observed. The convalescence phase is characterized by the recovery of the blood flow in the area of thromboembolism and return of the arterial tone in the pulmonary circulation to normal. RPG permits one to have an objective evaluation of the clinical picture of TESPA and therapy received by the patients.

[Clinico-functional characteristics of idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis (Hamman-Rich syndrome)]. / Kliniko-funktsional'nye osobennosti idiopaticheskogo fibroziruiushchego al'veolita (bolezn' Khammena-Richa).

The clinical and functional features of idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis (IFA) were analyzed in 31 patients. In 24 patients, the diagnosis was confirmed by histological study of the pulmonary tissue obtained by means of open lung biopsy or at autopsy. Progressive dyspnea was the earliest clinical symptom of IFA. High temperature, weight loss, cyanosis and other symptoms were characteristic of an acute disease course. Crepitation was the most characteristic symptom as far as the objective data are concerned. Detailed examination of respiratory function with the use of spirography, general plethysmography, forced oscillation technique, study of the diffuse capacity of the lungs and blood gases, and other methods showed that the most characteristic functional features of pulmonary respiration in IFA involved a decrease in the static pulmonary volumes, an increase in elastic pulmonary resistance, normal patency of the large and medium bronchi, and a diminution of the diffuse capacity of the lungs during respiratory arrest, as well as that of the diffuse capacity of the alveolocapillary membrane. The data obtained indicate that today one can discuss only the most characteristic rather than the pathognomonic clinical and functional symptoms of IFA.

[Prevalence of post-tuberculous changes in the bronchopulmonary system in the patients with chronic bronchitis]. / Rasprostranennost posttuberkulëznykh izmenenii v bronkholegochnoi sisteme u bolnykh khronicheskim bronkhitom.

The prevalence of chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases was studied in 1880 industrial workers from Russia. The diseases were reported in 26.5% of the examinees. Fluorograms of chronic bronchitis patients indicated residual posttuberculous bronchopulmonary changes in 28.5% of the cases (p < 0.01). By form the bronchitis depended on the variety of the posttuberculous alterations: 76.4% of the asthmatic bronchitis sufferers had minor residual posttuberculous changes (petrifaction of intrathoracic lymph nodes), those with irritative bronchitis had extended posttuberculous changes in 72.7%.