Preparation and antiarthritic and analgesic activity of 4,5-diaryl-2-(substituted thio)-1H-imidazoles and their sulfoxides and sulfones.

A series of 4,5-diaryl-2-(substituted thio)-1H-imidazoles was synthesized and evaluated as antiinflammatory and analgesic agents in the rat adjuvant induced arthritis assay and the mouse phenyl-p-benzoquinone writhing (PQW) assay. Several analogues were found to be more potent than phenylbutazone and indomethacin. Structure-activity relationships are discussed. One of the compounds, 4,5-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl)-sulfonyl]-1H- imidazole (8d, tiflamizole), was found to be 8 times as potent as indomethacin in the rat adjuvant induced arthritis assay and is presently undergoing clinical trial as an antiarthritic drug.

Nonradioactive nucleic acid detection by enhanced chemiluminescence using probes directly labeled with horseradish peroxidase.

The use of nucleic acid probes directly labeled with horseradish peroxidase for detection of single copy sequences on Southern blots of human genomic DNA by enhanced chemiluminescence is described. Of the target sequences, 6 x 10(5) molecules (1 amol) have been detected on blue sensitive film using exposures of up to 60 min and probes of 0.3-5.1 kb. The chemiluminescent signal quantified using a cooled charge coupled device (CCD) camera is proportional to probe length for DNA probes in the range 50-3571 bases. The enzyme has no significant effect on the stability of a DNA/DNA hybrid formed with a 3571-base probe and target as determined by increasing the stringency of posthybridization washes by decreasing the concentration of a monovalent cation (NaCl) and by a Tm analysis. The kinetics of DNA hybridization have been analyzed by a cooled CCD camera to provide quantitative data. Ten nanograms per milliliter of probe may be used for an overnight hybridization. Southern blots can be reprobed using a DNA probe for the same or a different sequence without the necessity of stripping off the previously bound probe.