RESUMEN
Effects of size and coverage density of silver nanoparticles (AgPs) on the fluorescence emission and fluorescence lifetime of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) thin films were investigated. AgPs of 64 nm diameter showed greater effects on the fluorescence decay process of P3HT films as compared with 7 nm AgPs. The fluorescence lifetime (FL) of P3HT decreased from 0.61 to 0.22 ns in the presence of 64 nm AgPs, while no appreciable change (0.60 ns) was seen in the case of 7 nm AgPs. The results suggest that the 64 nm AgPs showed a greater effect on the enhancement of the decay rate of excited P3HT. The photoelectric conversion of thin films consisting of P3HT and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) was also investigated. AgPs of 7 or 64 nm diameters were first deposited on indium-tin-oxide substrates with controlled surface coverage densities from ~1 to 40%. When the coverage densities of deposited AgPs were ~20% for both 7 and 64 nm, the enhancement of photoelectric conversion efficiency reached maximum. The degree of enhancement in the case of 64 nm AgPs was larger than in the case of 7 nm AgPs.
RESUMEN
Steam electrolysis constitutes a prospective technology for industrial-scale hydrogen production. The use of ceramic proton-conducting electrolytes is a beneficial option for lowering the operating temperature. However, a significant challenge with this type of electrolyte has been upscaling robust planar type devices. The fabrication of such multi-layered devices, usually via a tape casting process, requires careful control of individual layers' shrinkages to prevent warping and cracks during sintering. The present work highlights the successful processing of 50 × 50 mm2 planar electrode-supported barium cerium yttrium zirconate BaZr0.44Ce0.36Y0.2O2.9 (BZCY(54)8/92) half cells via a sequential tape casting approach. The sintering parameters of the half-cells were analyzed and adjusted to obtain defect-free half-cells with diminished warping. Suitably dense and gas-tight electrolyte layers are obtained after co-sintering at 1350 °C for 5 h. We then assembled an electrolysis cell using Ba0.5La0.5CoO3-δ as the steam electrode, screen printed on the electrolyte layer, and fired at 800 °C. A typical Ba0.5La0.5CoO3-δ|BaZr0.44Ce0.36Y0.2O3-δ(15 µm)|NiO-SrZr0.5Ce0.4Y0.1O3-δ cell at 600 °C with 80% steam in the anode compartment reached reproducible terminal voltages of 1.4 V @ 500 mA·cm-2, achieving ~84% Faradaic efficiency. Besides electrochemical characterization, the morphology and microstructure of the layered half-cells were analyzed by a combination of high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Our results also provide a feasible approach for realizing the low-cost fabrication of large-sized protonic ceramic conducting electrolysis cells (PCECs).
RESUMEN
We report herein an unprecedented one-step green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (G-AuNps), using naturally occurring Korean red ginseng root (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) without any special reducing/capping agents. The AuNps generated through this ginseng-mediated process did not aggregate suggesting that the phytochemicals present in them serve as excellent coatings on the nanoparticles and thus, provide robust shielding from aggregations. The ginseng-generated AuNps exhibit remarkable in vitro stability in various buffers including: cysteine, histidine, saline, sodium chloride and a host of pH ranges. Furthermore, the phytochemical coatings on the G-AuNps rendered them nontoxic as demonstrated through detailed cytotoxicity assays using WST-8 counting kit, performed on normal cervical cells lines. The present study opens up a new possibility of conveniently synthesizing AuNps using natural products which will be useful in optoelectronic and biomedical applications.