Involvement of noradrenergic and serotonergic systems in risk-based decisions between options of equivalent expected value in rats.

Risk perception is an important factor that may mediate risk-based decision-making processes regulated by noradrenergic (NA) and serotonergic (5-HT) systems. Most risk-based decision-making models involve complex factors, such as risk perception or reward value, such that the final decision is the result of the interactions among these factors. However, the contribution of risk perception per se in risk decisions has remained unclear. Therefore, in the present study, we made some modifications to the classical probabilistic discounting task (PDT) to focus on the impact of risk perception and noradrenergic/serotonergic systems on decision-making behavior. Meanwhile, we conducted an elevated plus-maze (EPM) test to detect the correlation between anxiety and choice behavior. In the current study, rats had to choose between a "certain" lever that delivered a certain number of pellets and a "risky" lever that delivered eight pellets in a probabilistic manner (descending: 50%, 25%, 12.5% or ascending 12.5%, 25%, 50% of the time). The long-term rewarding values of the two levers were always identical in each block within each session. According to their baseline performances in choosing the risky lever, rats were divided into the risk-prefer group and risk-averse group. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between open arm time in EPM and risky choice for both descending order and ascending order, indicating that highly anxious rats more often preferred the safe option under risk. Pharmacological stimulation of α2-adrenergic receptors via dexmedetomidine (0.01 mg/kg) decreased the preference of probabilistic rewards in the risk-prefer group, while blocking α2 receptors by atipamezole (0.3 mg/kg) also reduced risky choices. The NA reuptake inhibitor, atomoxetine, increased the preference for risky choices in the risk-prefer group, the effect of which was attained via multiple superimposed doses. Administration of the 5-HT2A receptor agonist, DOI (0.1 mg/kg), increased risk-taking behavior in the risk-prefer group. Taken together, these results suggest that NA may be more inclined to process negative information such as loss or uncertainty in the regulation of risk-related decision making, whereas 5-HT may function primarily to increase risk-taking behavior. Our findings may help to further elucidate how noradrenergic and serotonergic systems differentially affect individuals with different risk preferences in terms of regulating risk perception in risk-related decision making.

A multiple regression based method for indirect compensation of hemispherical resonator gyro temperature error.

In order to improve the measuring accuracy of the Hemispherical Resonator Gyro under variable temperature, aiming at the problem of "external temperature is unavailable and internal temperature is unmeasurable," a multiple regression based method is proposed for compensating temperature error in the gyro. The relationship between the internal temperature and the resonant frequency of the gyro is analyzed theoretically. According to a constant temperature experiment, a linear relationship between them is derived based on the least square method. The analysis of a temperature-rising experiment shows that the correlation of the gyro output with the internal temperature is much higher than that with the external temperature. Therefore, taking the resonant frequency as an independent variable, a multiple regression model is established for compensating the temperature error. The compensation effect of the model is verified by temperature-rising and temperature-dropping experiments, which show that the output sequence before compensation is not stable, while it is stable after compensation. After compensation, the drift of the gyro decreases by 62.76% and 48.48%, respectively, and its measuring accuracy becomes equivalent to that at the constant temperature. The experimental results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the model developed for indirect compensation of temperature error.

Evaluation on the efficacy of moxifloxacin hydrochloride based on physiological pharmacokinetic models / 药学学报

This study is to establish and validation in vivo models of moxifloxacin based on the theory of physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK), and then to predict the distribution of moxifloxacin in human venous return and organ such as lung, spleen and so on. The efficacy of moxifloxacin and its pharmaceutical preparations were quantified by comparing the pharmacokinetic parameters with the minimum inhibitory concentration of related pathogenic bacterium. The results showed that the anti-infection efficacy of pharmaceutical moxifloxacin preparation in the corresponding organs was basically the same. The PBPK model of moxifloxacin preparations can be more accurately described the pharmacokinetic of anti-infective drugs in human, it is suitable for the efficacy evaluation of anti-infective drugs and provides a strong basis for the corresponding scientific research and scientific supervision.

In vivo study of liposome-modified polyetheretherketone implant on bacteriostasis and osseointegration / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To develop dexamethasone plus minocycline-loaded liposomes (Dex/Mino liposomes) and apply them to improve bioinert polyetheretherketone (PEEK) surface, which could prevent post-operative bacterial contamination, enhance ossification for physiologic osseointegration, and finally reduce implant failure rates.@*METHODS@#Dex/Mino liposomes were covalently grafted onto the PEEK surface using polydopamine (pDA) coating as a medium. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to confirm the binding of fluorescently labeled liposomes onto the PEEK substrate, and a microplate reader was used to semiquantitatively measure the average fluorescence intensity of fluorescently labeled liposome-decorated PEEK surfaces. Moreover, the mouse subcutaneous infection model and the beagle femur implantation model were respectively conducted to verify the bioactivity of Dex/Mino liposome-modified PEEK in vivo, by means of micro computed tomography (micro-CT) and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining analysis.@*RESULTS@#The qualitative and quantitative results of fluorescently labeled liposomes showed that, the red fluorescence intensity of the PEEK-pDA-lipo group was stronger than that of the PEEK-NF-lipo group (P < 0.05); the liposomes were successfully and uniformly decorated on the PEEK surfaces due to the pDA coating. After mouse subcutaneous implantation of PEEKs for 24 hours, HE staining results showed that the number of inflammatory cells in the PEEK-Dex/Mino lipo group were lower than that in the inert PEEK group (P < 0.05), indicating a lower degree of infection in the test group. These results suggested that the Mino released from the liposome-functionalized surface provided an effective bacteriostasis in vivo. After beagle femoral implantation of PEEK for 8 weeks, micro-CT results showed that the PEEK-Dex/Mino lipo group newly formed more continuous bone when compared with the inert PEEK group; HE staining results showed that more new bones were formed in the PEEK-Dex/Mino lipo group than in the inert PEEK group, which were firmly bonded to the functionalized PEEK surface and extended along the PEEK interface. These results suggested that the Dex released from the liposome-functionalized surface induced effective bone regeneration in vivo.@*CONCLUSION@#Dex/Mino liposome modification enhanced the bioactivity of inert PEEK, the functionalized PEEK with enhanced antibacterial and osseointegrative capacity has great potential as an orthopedic/dental implant material for clinical application.

Protective Effect of Tongxinluo Capsule on Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion Injury and Its Mechanism of Action / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the protective effect of Tongxinluo capsule on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, and explore the mechanism of Tongxinluo capsule in treating cerebral ischemia through network pharmacology. Method:The C57BL/6 mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) model was established by improved suture method and divided into sham operation group, model group, low, medium and high-dose Tongxinluo groups (crude drug 1,2,4 g·kg-1, intragastric administration), Aspirin group (2.055 g·L-1, intraperitoneal injection). Then, neurological function score and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazole chloride(TTC) staining method were used to determine the infarct size of mice at 24, 48, 72 h by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. First, chemical constituents of Tongxinluo capsule were screened from the BATMAN-TCM database, and the targets were analyzed. Then, gene ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were performed, and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)-active ingredient-target network was constructed. Finally, the multi-dimensional pharmacological mechanism of Tongxinluo capsule in the treatment of cerebral ischemia was predicted. Result:Longa score, HE staining and TTC staining all suggested that Tongxinluo capsule could alleviate brain injury in mice after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion, and the improvement degree of Tongxinluo capsule on brain injury was gradually enhanced with the increase of Tongxinluo capsule dose. A total of 132 active components and 240 intersection targets, including cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PRKACA), adenylate cyclase 1(ADCY1), serine/threonine kinase 1 (Akt1), dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) and discs large homolog 4 (DLG4) were screened from 12 TCM in Tongxinluo capsule. GO was enriched in cationic channel activity, ion gated channel activity, gate channel activity, neurotransmitter receptor activity, ion channel activity, etc. KEGG was enriched in cAMP signaling pathway, calcium signaling pathway, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP)/protein kinase G(PKG) signaling pathway and dopaminergic synaptic signaling pathway. Conclusion:Tongxinluo capsule can alleviate brain damage in mice with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, and achieve brain protection through multiple targets and multiple links. Network pharmacology reveals effective components，targets and pathway of Tongxinluo capsule in the treatment of cerebral ischemia, which provides theoretical support for the mechanism of Tongxinluo capsule in the treatment of cerebral ischemia.

Study on Formation Mechanism of National Drug Standards Based on Standard Investigation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Dispensing Granules / 中国实验方剂学杂志

This paper, taking the formulation of national drug standards for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) dispensing granules as a case study, explores the improvement of the formation mechanism of national drug standards, and promotes the reform of streamline administration, delegate powers, and improve regulation and services of national standards management, so as to release the vitality of the research and development of standards of drug manufacturers. After nearly two decades of pilot production of TCM dispensing granules, a large number of researches and discussions have been conducted on the formulation of unified standards of TCM dispensing granules from manufacturing enterprises to national standard administration departments, it was found that this work was difficult on the basis of the original drug standard formation mechanism. The authors tried to improve and innovate the formation mechanism of national drug standards, to provide methods and ideas for the formulation and unification of national standards for TCM dispensing granules, and to provide references for the formulation of other national drug standards.

Comparison of the minimally invasive treatments of laparoscopic and endosopic for common bile duct stones after gastrojejunostomy / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the feasibility and to compare the merits and demerits of laparoscopic and endoscopic approach in removing common bile duct stones in patients with gastrojejunostomy after gastrectomy.@*METHODS@#Between January 2012 and December 2016, 25 patients with common bile duct stones after gastrojejunostomy received laparoscopic or endoscopic treatment in our centers. They were divided into laparoscopic group and endoscopic group based on treatment approaches for common bile duct stones, including 15 patients in laparoscopic group and 10 in endoscopic group. The clinical characteristics and outcomes between the two groups were retrospectively analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Among the 25 patients with gastrojejunostomy, the method of reconstruction was Billroth II in 21 patients and Roux-en-Y in 4 patients. Six patients received laparoscopic or endoscopic treatment during the acute cholangitis state. Among the laparoscopic group, 5 patients with stones more than 1 cm, 7 patients with multiple stones, while in the endoscopic group, 3 patients with stones more than 1 cm and 4 patients with multiple stones. Fourteen patients in the laparoscopic group with coexisting gallbladder stones, and 6 of their common bile duct stones were successfully removed by transcystic approach without T tube drainage. Stone removals were successful in 4 patients of the endoscopic group by a single performance, including 3 patients with single small stone and one patient with multiple small stones. Two patients in the laparoscopic group were converted to open surgery for severe adhesion and one patient in the endoscopic group turned to laparoscopic operation for failing of finding papilla in the Roux-en-Y anastomotic status. The median hospital stays were 12 d and 10 d, respectively in the laparoscopic and endoscopic group. There were 3 patients with postoperative complications, including one patient with paralytic ileus in the laparoscopic group and 2 patients with biliary pancreatitis or bacteremia in the endoscopic group, and all of them recovered uneventfully with conservative treatment.@*CONCLUSION@#Both laparoscopic and endoscopic approaches are feasible for removing stones in the common bile duct in patients with gastrojejunostomy after gastrectomy, and they complement each other. In addition, both techniques are difficult to conduct, and a technical competence should be considered in selection of each method.

Anti-tumor Effect of Astragaloside by Inducing M1 Macrophage Polarization / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of astragaloside on the macrophage polarization and the possible anti-tumor immunity mechanism of astragaloside. Method:The cytotoxic effect of different concentrations of astragaloside at different time points on macrophage was measured by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), in order to choose the suitable concentration of astragaloside, macrophages were co-cultured with tumor cells at the ratio 1:1, and the effect of astragaloside on macrophage-mediated lysis of tumor cells was performed by biophotonic cytotoxicity assay after the mixed cells were effected with 0.1 mg·L-1 astragaloside for 24 h. Macrophages were dealt with 0.1 mg·L-1 astragaloside for 24h, the expressions of CD16/32 and CD206 in macrophages were performed by flow cytometry, the mRNA expressions of macrophage inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Arginine-1 (Arg-1), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-12 (IL-12), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were measured by Real-time PCR, the protein expressions of macrophage signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (STAT1) and phosphorylation signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (p-STAT1) were determined by Western blot. Result:Astragaloside had no effect on the viability of macrophages with 0.1 mg·L-1. Compared with control group, astragaloside obviously enhanced the macrophage-mediated lysis of tumor cells according to the biophotonic cytotoxicity assay, induced the M1 macrophage marker CD16/32 expression according to flow cytometry, increased the mRNA expressions of iNOS, IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-12 according to the Real-time PCR, and promoted the phosphorylation of STAT1 in macrophages on the basis of Western blot. Conclusion:Astragaloside could induce M1 macrophage polarization by increasing the phosphorylation of STAT1, and initiate macrophage-related anti-tumor immunity response.

Research Progress and Application of Mouse Tumor Lung Metastasis Models / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Early diagnoses and treatment methods are being constantly improved, but cancer metastasis remains a main cause of mortality in malignant tumor patients. Lung is thought to be the organ most prone to distal metastasis among malignant tumors due to its unique physiological and pathological character. Tumor lung metastasis is unpredictable and may result in irreversible damages. Presently, no exact mechanism or specific targeting therapies are found. Depending on the unique theory system-treatment based on symptom differentiation, traditional Chinese medicine has made significant progress on controlling tumor lung metastasis, but its application methods and mechanism still need further study and exploration. More appropriate and idealized animal models are required as a studying medium. Therefore, the establishment of animal models to simulate lung metastasis of cancer patients has become the key to the study of tumor lung metastasis. In order to produce a better platform for investigating the pathogenesis, underlying mechanism, early diagnosis and therapeutics for tumor lung metastasis, and to provide reference for the selection and establishment of mouse lung metastasis model, this article would introduce the implementation, application and estimation of several common methods (tail vein injection, mammary fat pad orthotopic injection, tibia injection, tissue orthotopic implantation, transgenic mice and so on). Meanwhile, the development of mouse lung metastasis model still needs expanding of thoughts, rational and flexible utilization of existing models, and interdisciplinary cooperation to establish preferable animal models and make results more reliable.

Research Progress of Different Subtypes of Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells and Traditional Chinese Medicine Regulation Effect in Tumor Microenvironment / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The diagnosis and treatment methods for cancer are being improved continually, but the mortality of cancer still remains high. At present, the academic circle has realized deficiency of existing treatment ideas, and the concept of cancer cells has been gradually changed from "extremely extinct" to "peaceful coexistence". The concept of "survival with tumors" is universally accepted in the cancer academia. The tumor microenvironment is the place where tumor cells survive and develop. Therefore, regulation of the tumor microenvironment has become an important new strategy for tumor treatment. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a group of heterogeneous cells that have immunosuppressive properties on T cells in the tumor microenvironment and play an important role in tumor immune escape. Now, therapy with MDSCs in the tumor microenvironment as the treatment targets also provides new ideas for the tumor treatment. As MDSCs subpopulations are similar with neutrophils and monocytes, they can be divided into two major subtypes:granulocyte-like myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSCs) and monocyte-myeloid-derived suppressor cells(M-MDSCs). But how to differ these two subtypes from neutrophils and monocytes. What are the differences in the functional characteristics of different subtypes of MDSCs. How do they accumulate, differentiate, and exert immunosuppressive effects through different pathways. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has always been good at modulating the body's microenvironment. More and more researches have shown that, the recruitment, amplification and activation of MDSCs can be effectively inhibited by TCM compound and its active ingredients, providing scientific basis for Chinese medicine targeting MDSCs in the tumor microenvironment. However, which specific pathways could regulate G-MDSCs or M-MDSCs is still in need of further studies. Most previous literature focus on the overall level of MDSCs, while the this paper would be based on the specific subpopulations of MDSCs to clarify the biological characteristics of these two subtypes of MDSCs, so as to achieve more precise targeted therapy in the tumor microenvironment.

Research on displacement model of urine flow rate meter calibration device based on regression analysis / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To determine the relationship between the theory and actual displacement of the urine flow rate meter calibration device gear pump, and to construct a model between actual and theory displacement, in order to obtain actual displacement via theory displacement. Methods The weight of the standard water flow in each flow rate was measured by B2000S digital scales,and the scatter plot between the theory displacement and actual displacement was drawn to find the best fitted curve;then the MATLAB Curve Fitting Tool was used to obtain the best quasi relational equation. Results The error between the fitted displacement and the actual displacement of the gear bump was 1.494% in maximum and-0.010% in minimum, far less than 5% of the requirements for urinary flow meter measurement. Conclusion Based on regression analysis, the relationship between the theoretical displacement and actual displacement of the flow rate meter calibration device is established,the fitting error is small,and the method is simple and easy to achieve.

Prevalence of hypertension with diabetes and the cardiovascular disease risk among adults in Zhejiang Province / 预防医学

Objective To investigate the prevalence of hypertension with diabetes and the cardiovascular disease risk among adults in Zhejiang Province. Methods Based on a population-based cross-sectional survey in Zhejiang Province in 2010, data of total 17437 adults aged 18 years and older were analyzed. Results The overall prevalence of hypertension with diabetes was 5.36％, which was significantly higher in females (5.71％) than in males (4.96％) (P<0.05) . With age increased, the prevalence of hypertension with diabetes significantly increased (P<0.01) . And 98.29％ of hypertension with diabetes patients had three or more cardiovascular disease risk factors. The exposure rate of clustering was higher in males (99.26％) than in females (97.54％)(P<0.05), and which increased significantly along with age (P<0.05) . Conclusion Hypertension with diabetes patients had higher cardiovascular disease risk in Zhejiang, and elder and male patients appeared to be the targeted population.

Construction of the recombinant varicella zoster virus carrying 3xflag gene / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To construct the recombinant varicella zoster virus (VZV)carrying 3xflag gene,3xflag was added to the VZV open reading frame 7 (ORF7)using GalK-based homologous recombination.Methods GalK and 3xflag gene fragments with 50 bp VZV ORF7 homologous arms were amplified by PCR.The obtained fragments were purified and transferred to the competent cells of VZV bacterial artificial chromosome (SW102-VZVWTBAC). The clones of VZV ORF7 with 3xflag (SW102-VZV ORF7-3xflag-BAC)were obtained by homologous recombination and selection from medium containing GalK and replaced GalK. The recombinant plasmids were extracted and transfected into ARPE-19 cells.The effect of VZV ORF7-3xflag on ARPE-19 cells was observed.Results The clones of VZV ORF7 with 3xflag (SW102-VZV ORF7-3xflag-BAC)were obtained.The virus patches with green fluorescence were observed three days after SW102-VZVWTBAC and SW102-VZV ORF7-3xflag-BAC were transfected into ARPE-19 cells.Western blot showed that ORF7 expression was effectively enhanced with 3xflag.Conclusion The recombinant VZV carrying 3xflag gene was obtained,which suggests that GalK-based homologous recombination is convenient,efficient and accurate in manipulating the gene virus of interest.

Investigation of 5-year survival after acute myocardial infarction in Beijing Yanqing hospital / 中国介入心脏病学杂志

Objective To investigate 5-year survival after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)in Beijing Yanqing district. Methods A total of 691 STEMI patients admitted to Beijing Yanqing hospital from August 2002 to December 2010 were followed up for as long as 5 years. The end point was all cause death. Five-year survival curve was computed for patients who had received primary percutaneous coronary intervention(pPCI)and patients who had not received pPCI. Predictors of death within 5 years were identified by multivariable cox regression analysis. Results In 691 patient,442 patients(64.0％)had not received pPCI,and 249 patients(36.0％)had received pPCI. The 5-year survival rates were 73.8％ and 93.6％in patients who had not received pPCI and patients who had received pPCI separately. The predictors of death within 5 years in patients who had not received pPCI were female,age,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Killip's class ≥ 2 in hospital,myocardial infarction of anterior wall and not receiving elective PCI,while the predictors in patients who had received pPCI were age and gastrointestinal bleeding. Conclusions The 5-year survival rate in patients who had received pPCI was obviously higher than in patients who had not received pPCI. The predictors of death within 5 years were different in the two groups.

Comparison of different modes of using tranexamic acid administration on reducing hidden blood loss in total hip arthroplasty / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the clinical efficacy of using tranexamic acid in different ways to reduce the hidden blood loss in patients who receiving total hip arthroplasty (THA).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 68 patients with osteonecrosis of the femeral head treated by total hip arthroplasty in our hospital from February 2010 to July 2015 were randomly divided into the intravenous drip group (group A) and the topical application group (group B). In group A, there were 19 males and 15 females, with an average age of (62.0±6.4) years old, preoperative average hemoglobin was (121.30±8.15) g/L, average Hematocrit was (0.470±0.039) L/L. In group B, there were 18 males and 16 females, with an average age of (64.0±7.5) years old, preoperative average hemoglobin was (125.28±9.37) g/L, average Hematocrit was (0.490±0.041) L/L. The operation incision were performed through the posterolateral approach and the normal operation mode, biological prosthesis was selected. Through different ways the tranexamic acid was used to control of intraoperative and postoperative bleeding. Tranexamic acid was intra articular injection as a dose of 10 mg/kg 10 min to patient before anesthesia in intravenous drip group. In topic group, 3 g of tranexamic acid was dissolved in 120 ml saline and divided into three equal parts, then two pieces of gauze were immersed in 40 ml tranexamic acid solution. One gauze with 40 ml tranexamic acid was used to soak the acetabulum for 5 minutes after the acetabular preparation, another gauze was inserted in the femoral canal for 5 minutes after femoral canal broach preparation. The remaining 40 ml tranexamic acid fluid was injected into the hip joint after fascia closure. Place the drainage tube and clip it for 3 hours. Hemoglobin (Hb) and Hematocrit (Hct) were recorded at 72 hours after operation. The total blood loss, dominant blood loss, and hidden blood loss were calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In group A, postoperative hemoglobin difference before and after operation was (32.34±7.42) g/L, total blood loss was (833.6±81.4) ml, the hidden blood loss was (276.3±57.9) ml, red blood cell volume was (10.1±1.4) L/L;In group B, hemoglobin difference before and after operation was (28.2±6.1) g/L, total blood loss was (792.5±61.8) ml, the hidden blood loss was (297.5±50.3) ml, red blood cell volume was (9.2±1.2) L/L. There was no statistical significance about those aspect (>0.05). Compared of blood coagulation function between two groups, in group A: PT (12.78±2.03) s, APTT (34.27±3.91) s, INR (32.34±7.42); and in group B: PT (13.17±2.19) s, APTT (32.36±3.18) s, INR (28.24±6.14). There was no significant differences also (>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Compared with intravenous application, topical application of tranexamic acid could also effectively reduce total blood loss and hidden blood loss, postoperative blood transfusion rate in primary total hip arthroplasty, while does not increase the risk of DVT.</p>

Analysis of the Injury-disease Relationship between Spondylolysis and Trauma in 26 Forensic Identifications / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To expound the injury-disease relationship between spondylolysis and trauma for the points of forensic identification.@*METHODS@#Total 26 cases of spondylolysis were collected and the characteristics of this disease such as age, accompanied symptoms, treatment and injury manner were discussed.@*RESULTS@#The causal relationship existed between trauma and injury consequence in 2 appraised individuals and both of them aged less than 50 years old. The injury manners of both were high-energy injury with combined injury and these 2 patients were treated by operation.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The analysis of injury-disease relationship between spondylolysis and trauma should be paid attention in the middle-young age under 50 years old. More importantly, the injury-disease relationship should be analyzed in the patients who chose operative treatment.

The control of the critical quality attributes of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium tablet / 药学学报

The critical attribute was analyzed in clavulanate potassium tablet of amoxicillin according to the principle QbD. By investigation of the drug impurity profile, the cycle-closed dimer and penicilloic acid of amoxicillin were considered to be the critical impurities, and the sources and the degradation pathways of these two impurities were discussed. The research confirmed that crystal form was the critical attribute of drug substance. The drying process in the tablet granulation was regarded as the critical process parameter. The tablet formulation was also another factor in the impurity generation. This study provides a new idea for the evaluation of drug quality.

Circulating MicroRNA-21 is Downregulated in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

The microRNA-21 (miR-21) is known to play a major role in cancer progression; however, its function in the cardiovascular system appears to be even more complex and conflicting. To characterize miR-21 expression in the plasma of individuals with or without metabolic syndrome (MetS), 58 MetS cases and 96 non-MetS controls were investigated. Expression levels of miR-21 were significantly decreased in the circulation of MetS subjects (OR=0.52, 95% CI: 0.29-0.92) compared with that of non-MetS subjects. Body mass index (BMI) and the number of MetS components had a negative correlation with the level of miR-21, whereas age was inversely related to the level of miR-21. No significant difference was detected in miR-21 levels between the sexes (P=0.056). MiR-21 might be a negative regulating factor in MetS.

Simultaneous determination of seven alkaloids and three flavonoids in Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma by HPLC / 中国中药杂志

In this study, an HPLC method was developed for simultaneous determination of seven alkaloids (cytosine, oxymatrine, N-oxysophocarpine, N-methylcytisine, sophoranol, matrine, and sophocarpine) and three flavonoids (trifolirhizin, fermononetin, and maackiain) from different samples of Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma. Samples were analyzed on a Welch XtimateTM C₁₈ column (4. 6 mm× 250 mm, 5 μm) eluted with the mobile phase of acetonitrile (A) and 0.01 mol•L⁻¹ ammonium acetate solution (pH 8.0) (B) in a linear gradient mode as follows: 0-20 min,4%-14% A;20-30 min,14%-25% A;30-45 min,25%-40% A;45-65 min,40%-55% A;65-75 min,55% A. The flow rate of the mobile phase, the column temperature, and the PDA detector wavelength were set at 1.0 mL•min⁻¹, 30 ℃, and 225 nm, respectively. For the method validation, these ten compounds showed good separation and satisfactory linearity (r≥0.999 7) within the concentration ranges tested. The mean recoveries were in the range of 98.60% to 102.6% with the RSD (n=6) between 0.60% and 3.7%. This method was proved to be simple, accurate and repeatable. The quantitative results showed that there were significant differences in the contents of seven alkaloids and three flavonoids among the different samples. This result revealed that the quality of Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma varied widely. This method could be used for the simultaneous determination of the multi-ingredients from Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma, which might provide scientific evidences to evaluate/control the quality of Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma, comprehensively.

Clinical Analysis of 41 Patients with Burkitt's lymphoma / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To summarize the clinical characteristics of Burkitt's lymphoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 41 Burkitt's lymphoma patients, treated from Jannuary 2009 to June 2014 in Chinese PLA General Hospital, were analyzed retrospectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Out of the 41 patients, 33 were males and 8 were females, with a median age of 13 (range, 1-67), 18 cases (43.9%) were in Ann Arbor stage I/II, and 23 cases (56.1%) were in stage III/IV. The commonest pathologicalal sites were head and neck (23 cases, 56.1%), and then the abdominal (41.5%), bone marrow (22.0%) and central nervous system (22.0%) could also be involved, while 7 cases (17.1%) were patients transformed into acute lymphocytic leukemia-type L3, 18% cases (3/16) were infected by EBV and 29.9% cases (6/38) were infected by HBV, 29 cases were treated with chemotherapy, their overal remission rate was 93.1(27/29 cases), 2-year overall survival rate(OS) was 83.3%(10/12 cases); 13 cases were treated with rituximab, their remission rate was 92.3%(12/13 cases), and 2-year OS was 66.7%(4/6 cases).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The 41 cases are more similar to the sporadic Burkitt's lymphoma, but the median age of its occurence is more younger, while the most common pathological sites are head and neck, and the short-term and high intensive chemotherapy with rituximab can obviously elevate remission rate for adult patients and prolong their survival time.</p>