Polyphenol improve the foaming properties of soybean isolate protein: Structural, physicochemical property changes and application in angel cake.

With the increasing demand for food foaming, how to enhance the foaming properties of protein has gradually become the research focus. This work studied the effect of synephrine (SY) on foaming properties, structure properties, and physicochemical properties of soybean protein isolate (SPI). When the mass ratio of SY to SPI was 1:2, compared with SPI alone, the foam capacity and foam stability of the SY-SPI complex were significantly enhanced. Optical microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscope showed that the improvement in foaming performance was mainly due to the reduction of bubble size and uniform protein distribution. Circular dichroism spectrum and fluorescence spectra indicated that the hydrogen bond of SPI was destroyed and blue shifted with the addition of SY. What's more, the absolute value of Zeta potential, solubility, and hydrophobicity all increased, while the particle size decreased. As a result of molecular docking, surface hydrogen bonds, Van der Waals forces and hydrophobic interactions are the main driving forces. The addition of SY and SPI improved the specific volume and texture of angel cake. This study shows that SY has the potential to be developed into a new type of blowing agent.

Novel radiopaque ethanol injection: physicochemical properties, animal experiments, and clinical application in vascular malformations.

BACKGROUND: Despite the efficacy of absolute ethanol (EtOH), its radiolucency introduces several risks in interventional therapy for treating vascular malformations. This study aims to develop a novel radiopaque ethanol injection (REI) to address this issue. METHODS: Iopromide is mixed with ethanol to achieve radiopacity and improve the physicochemical properties of the solution. Overall, 82 male New Zealand white rabbits are selected for in vivo radiopacity testing, peripheral vein sclerosis [animals were divided into the following 5 groups (n = 6): negative control (NC, saline, 0.250 ml/kg), positive control (EtOH, 0.250 ml/kg), low-dose REI (L-D REI, 0.125 ml/kg), moderate-dose REI (M-D REI, 0.250 ml/kg), and high-dose REI (H-D REI 0.375 ml/kg)], pharmacokinetic analyses (the blood sample was harvested before injection, 5 min, 10 min, 20 min, 40 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, and 8 h after injection in peripheral vein sclerosis experiment), peripheral artery embolization [animals were divided into the following 5 groups (n = 3): NC (saline, 0.250 ml/kg), positive control (EtOH, 0.250 ml/kg), L-D REI (0.125 ml/kg), M-D REI (0.250 ml/kg), and H-D REI (0.375 ml/kg)], kidney transcatheter arterial embolization [animals were divided into the following 4 groups (n = 3): positive control (EtOH, 0.250 ml/kg), L-D REI (0.125 ml/kg), M-D REI (0.250 ml/kg), and H-D REI (0.375 ml/kg); each healthy kidney was injected with saline as negative control], and biosafety evaluations [animals were divided into the following 5 groups (n = 3): NC (0.250 ml/kg), high-dose EtOH (0.375 ml/kg), L-D REI (0.125 ml/kg), M-D REI (0.250 ml/kg), and H-D REI (0.375 ml/kg)]. Then, a prospective cohort study involving 6 patients with peripheral venous malformations (VMs) is performed to explore the clinical safety and effectiveness of REI. From Jun 1, 2023 to August 31, 2023, 6 patients [age: (33.3 ± 17.2) years] with lingual VMs received sclerotherapy of REI and 2-month follow-up. Adverse events and serious adverse events were evaluated, whereas the efficacy of REI was determined by both the traceability of the REI under DSA throughout the entire injection and the therapeutic effect 2 months after a single injection. RESULTS: The REI contains 81.4% ethanol (v/v) and 111.3 mg/ml iodine, which can be traced throughout the injection in the animals and patients. The REI also exerts a similar effect as EtOH on peripheral venous sclerosis, peripheral arterial embolization, and renal embolization. Furthermore, the REI can be metabolized at a similar rate compared to EtOH and Ultravist® and did not cause injury to the animals' heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys and brain. No REI-related adverse effects have occurred during sclerotherapy of VMs, and 4/6 patients (66.7%) have achieved complete response at follow-up. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, REI is safe, exerts therapeutic effects, and compensates for the radiolucency of EtOH in treating VMs. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The clinical trial was registered as No. ChiCTR2300071751 on May 24 2023.

Population diversity of cardiovascular outcome trials and real-world patients with diabetes in a Chinese tertiary hospital / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Recent cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) changed the therapeutic strategy of guidelines for type 2 diabetes. We compared the characteristics of patients from real-world hospital settings with those of participants in recent pragmatic randomized trials.@*METHODS@#This electronic medical record (EMR)-based retrospective observational study investigated the data of patients with diabetes from inpatient and outpatient settings in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from January 1, 2011, to June 30, 2019. We identified patients meeting the inclusion criteria of a pragmatic randomized trial (EMPA-REG OUTCOME) based on EMRs and compared their baseline characteristics with those of the trial participants. The cutoff for the clinical significance of each characteristic was set as its minimal clinically important difference based on expert consultation.@*RESULTS@#We included 48,257 inpatients and 36,857 outpatients with diabetes and found that 8389 (17.4%) inpatients and 2646 (7.2%) outpatients met the inclusion criteria for the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial. Compared with the trial population, the real-world inpatients meeting the eligibility criteria of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME had similar age, blood pressure, and lipid profiles but comprised of fewer males, metformin users, anti-hypertensive drug users, and aspirin users, and had a lower body mass index. The group of outpatients meeting the eligibility criteria had fewer males, similar age, fewer metformin users, fewer insulin users, fewer anti-hypertensive drug users, and fewer aspirin users compared with the trial population.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The trial population in EMPA-REG OUTCOME represents only a small portion of patients with diabetes from the inpatient and outpatient departments of a Chinese tertiary medical center. Evidence localization in different clinical settings and validation are essential to enabling extrapolation of the results from CVOTs in patients with diabetes to Chinese clinical practice.

Human Serum-derived Extracellular Vesicles Protect A549 from PM / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#Epidemiological studies reveal that exposure to fine particulate matter (aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm, PM @*Methods@#EVs were isolated from the serum of healthy subjects, quantified @*Results@#PM @*Conclusions@#EVs treatment promotes cell survival and attenuates PM

Herbal Textual Research and Modern Analysis of Pheretima / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Pheretima has a long history of medication, its original name was earthworm, and it was first recorded in Shennong Bencaojing, which was listed as inferior product. In the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia, two varieties of Pheretima were included. However, due to the variety of Pheretima, there are mixed non-pharmacopoeia collection of Pheretima family status. Based on the systematic review of ancient and modern literature, this paper conducts herbal textual research on Pheretima in terms of name, origin, distribution of origin, genuine production area, harvesting time, processing methods, etc. Based on the analysis of various ancient books and modern research documents of herbal medicine and their accompanying drawings, it is found that the Pheretima and white-necked Pheretima mentioned in ancient books are the general names of the genus Pheretima. The ancient people thought that white-necked Pheretima was a good medicinal material, which was the same as the opinion that Guangdilong was better in quality than Tudilong in modern research. In ancient and modern literature, the origin of earthworm is relatively consistent, but due to the change of environment, the output of wild Pheretima is reduced, and now the output of Pheretima is mainly artificial breeding. In ancient times, harvesting should be as far as possible in spring, summer and autumn. However, in modern times, the best harvest time is autumn. Different processing methods of earthworm in different ages and regions are different. Attention should be paid to following and inheriting the ancient processing methods, combining with modern research techniques, the quantitative standard of processing of Pheretima should be formulated, so that Pheretima medicinal materials can be applied comprehensively and effectively. This research provides the basis for the original source, resource development, correct use, genuine producing area and processing method determination of Pheretima.

Surgical design of primary unilateral cleft lip repair accordingto distance measurement of the upper nasolabial region / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective:To study the possible effect of soft tissue displacement in the surgical design of primary unilateral cleft lip repair.Methods:Charts of 52 unilateral cleft lip patients who got repaired from January 2014 to December 2015 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. The nasolabial region measurements of these 52 cases during the lip surgery were especially collected. The distance between the key points in the upper nasolabial region were directly measured with a ruler and/or caliper. The cleft lips were repaired by rotation-advancement technique. The soft tissue along the cleft edge was sufficiently released, and the muscles were reconstructed.Results:Except the lip height and the distance between crista philtral point and subalar base on the noncleft side, most measurements between the key points on both sides got significant increase postoperatively ( P<0.05). The symmetrical ratio of the preoperative measurements on upper labial region were closing to 1 departing from the cleft region. The symmetrical ratio improved significantly postoperatively ( P<0.01). Conclusions:During the primary unilateral cleft lip surgery, the changes of the distances between the key points of upper nasaolabial region would not always follow the geometry. They are also affected by other factors, like the interaction between each layer and the elasticity of soft tissue, which should be considered and employed during the surgical design.

Projections of Temperature-related Non-accidental Mortality in Nanjing, China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

The health effects of climatic changes constitute an important research area, yet few researchers have reported city- or region-specific projections of temperature-related deaths based on assumptions about mitigation and adaptation. Herein, we provide quantitative projections for the number of additional deaths expected in the future, owing to the cold and heat in the city of Nanjing, China, based on 31 global circulation models (GCMs), two representative concentration pathways (RCPs) (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5), and three population scenarios [a constant scenario and two shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) (SSP2 and SSP5)], for the periods of 2010-2039, 2040-2069, and 2070-2099. The results show that for the period 2070-2099, the net number of temperature-related deaths can be comparable in the cases of RCP4.5/SSP2 and RCP8.5/SSP5 owing to the offsetting effects attributed to the increase of heat related deaths and the decrease of cold-related deaths. In consideration of this adaptation, we suggest that RCP4.5/SSP2 is a better future development pathway/scenario.

Multi-site analysis of acute effects of air pollutants combination exposure on mortality in Jiangsu Province, China / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To explore the acute effect of fine particulate matters (PM2.5), O3, NO2 on daily non-accidental mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality and respiratory mortality data in thirteen cities of Jiangsu province.@*Methods@#Daily average concentrations of non-accidental mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality, respiratory mortality data and environmental data were collected from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017 in thirteen cities of Jiangsu Province. Daily air quality, mortality and meteorology data were collected from the Information System of Air Pollution and Health Impact Monitoring of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. We used generalized additive model to evaluate the association between daily concentrations of air pollutants and mortality at single-city level and multi-city level, after adjusting the long-term and seasonal trend, as well as meteorological factors and the effect of "days and weeks" . A multivariate Meta-analysis with random effects was applied to estimate dose-response relationship between air pollutants and mortality.@*Results@#At multi-city level, per interquartile range increase of PM2.5, O3, NO2 was associated with an increase of 1.10% (95%CI: 0.66%, 1.54%), 0.59% (95%CI: 0.18%, 1.00%), 2.00% (95%CI: 1.29%, 2.72%) of daily non-accidental mortality respectively; 1.01% (95%CI: 0.63%, 1.38%), 0.66% (95%CI: 0.02%, 1.30%), 1.62% (95%CI: 1.00%, 2.23%) of daily cardiovascular mortality respectively; 1.09% (95%CI: 0.35%, 1.82%), 0.44% (95%CI: -0.29%, 1.16%), 2.75% (95%CI: 1.42%, 4.08%) of daily respiratory mortality respectively. The air pollutants effect varied across different cities. The strongest effect of PM2.5 was current day (excess risk (ER)=1.10%, 95%CI: 0.66%, 1.54%)), the strongest effect of O3 was 2-day lag (ER=1.82%, 95%CI: 0.69%, 2.97%) and the strongest effect of NO2 was 1-day lag (ER=2.09%, 95%CI: 1.34%, 2.83%) of daily non-accidental mortality respectively.@*Conclusion@#The increases of PM2.5 and NO2 concentration could result in the increases of daily non-accidental mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality and respiratory mortality. O3 could result in the increases of daily non-accidental mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality. The acute effects for non-accidental mortality from high to low were NO2, PM2.5 and O3, and the strongest effect of PM2.5 was current day. O3 and NO2 had lagged effects.

Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: neonatal screening and follow-uP / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the epidemiological characteristics, phenotype, genotype, and prognosis of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) in the Chinese population.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of the neonates who underwent screening with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry from January 2009 to June 2018 and were diagnosed with MCADD by gene detection.@*RESULTS@#A total of 2 674 835 neonates underwent neonatal screening, among whom 12 were diagnosed with MCADD. Gene detection was performed for 10 neonates with MCADD and found 13 mutation types at 16 mutation sites of the ACADM gene, among which there were 7 reported mutations (p.T150Rfs*4, p.M1V, p.R206C, p.R294T, p.G310R, p.M328V, and p.G362E), 5 novel mutations (p.N194D, p.A324P, p.N366S, c.118+3A>G, and c.387+1del G), and 1 exon 11 deletion; p.T150Rfs*4 was the most common mutation (4/16). The detection rate of mutation sites in the ACADM gene was 80%. No phenotype-genotype correlation was observed. Dietary guidance and symptomatic treatment were given after confirmed diagnosis. No acute metabolic imbalance was observed within 4-82 months of follow-up. All neonates had good prognosis except one who had brain dysplasia.@*CONCLUSIONS@#MCADD is relatively rare in southern China, and p.T150Rfs*4 is a common mutation in the Chinese population. Cases with positive screening results should be evaluated by octanoylcarnitine C8 value and gene detection.

Efficacy of ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block for preventive analgesia in patients underwent gynecological laparoscopy / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block for preventive analgesia in patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopy. Methods 60 ASA physical status I ~ II, aged 30 ~ 50 yr, weighting 50 ~ 65 kg patients scheduled for elective gynecological laparoscopy were randomly divided into 3 groups using a random number table (n = 20 each): control group (group I), preoperative TAP block group (group II) and postoperative TAP block group (group III). Ultrasound-guided bilateral TAP block was performed before induction of anesthesia or at the end of surgery in II and III groups, respectively. Patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) with 1μg/ml sufentanil (background infusion 2 ml/h, bolus dose 2 ml, lockout interval 15 min) was used until 2 days after surgery and VAS score was maintained ≤ 3. When VAS score > 3, flurbiprofen axetil 50 mg was injected intravenously as rescue medication. The consumption of sufentanil per hour, requirement for rescue medication, and development of adverse reactions were recorded within 24 h after surgery. Sufentanil-sparing degree was calculated. Results Compared with group I, the consumption of sufentanil per hour, requirement for rescue medication and the incidence of nausea and vomiting were significantly lower within 24 h after surgery in II and III groups (P < 0.05). The consumption of sufentanil per hour, requirement for rescue medication and the incidence of nausea and vomiting were significantly lower in group II than in group III (P < 0.05). The consumption of sufentanil was decreased by 35.0% in group II as compared with group I, and decreased by 16.0% in group II as compared with group III. Conclusion Ultrasound-guided TAP block can provide good postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopy, and effect of preoperative nerve block is better than that of postoperative nerve block.

Catechin remits the inflammation in allergic asthma mice by suppressing NF-κB-TSLP signal pathway / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the mechanism of catechin in inhibiting Th2-driven inflammation responses of allergic asthma mice.Methods Female BALB/c mice were chosen to establish an allergic asthma model by sensitized and excited with OVA.Then,the administered group was intervened with catechin by series of dose (75,150,300 mg · kg-1).The proportion of peripheral leukocyte cells was analysed,and pathological changes in lung tissues were observed by HE dyeing.The levels of TSLP,IL-5,IL-13 in lung tissues and OVA specific IgE in mouse serum were measured using ELISA kit.NF-κB p65,IκB protein expression levels in lung tissues were investigated using Western blot,and NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation was detected with immunofluorescent technique.Results Catechin could not only effectively reduce the proportion of peripheral leukocyte cells,but relieve the levels of TSLP,Th2 inflammatory factor IL-5 and IL-13,and the activation of NF-κB signal pathway in lung tissues of allergic asthma mice.Conclusions Catechin can effectively relieve Th2 inflammation in allergic asthma mice induced by allergen OVA.The possible mechanism may be that it could reduce expression of TSLP by inhibiting the NF-κB signal.

Contrast analysis on spiral CT and pathological findings of sub-centimetre pulmonary ground glass nodules / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To compare the spiral CT and pathological findings of sub-centimetre pulmonary ground glass nodules(GGNs), and to improve the aaccuracy in early diagnosis.Methods The CT findings and pathologic features of 30 patients with sub-centimetre pulmo-nary GGNs in our hospital from May 2013 to June 2016 were reviewed retrospectively.The patients were divided into 3 groups according to their pathological classification,namely the benign group,the preinvasive group and the invasive group.The shape,size,margin,vacuole sign, pleural indentation,the relations with bronchi and blood vessels of the pulmonary GGNs were analyzed.Results There was no significant difference in shape,maximum diameter and margin between the benign group and the other two groups(P>0.05).Adjacent vessels changes of the lesion showed significant differences between benign group and preinvasive or invasive groups(P<0.05).And there were significant differences in size,pleural indentation,vacuole sign and adjacent vessels changes between the preinvasive group and the invasive group(P<0.05).Conclusion The comprehensive analysis of lesions size,vacuole sign,pleural indentation and adjacent vessels changes can be helpful to improve the aaccuracy of differential diagnosis on sub-centimetre pulmonary ground glass nodules.

Effect of Lycium Barbarum polysaccharides on immune function of erythrocytes in immunosuppressed mice / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of Lycium Barbarum polysaccharides on immune function of erythrocytes in doxorubicin-treated mice.Methods:BALB/c mice were treated with doxorubicin and used as immunosuppression model.The mice were treated with Lycium Barbarum polysaccharides(62.5,125,250 mg/kg) for 7 days,the normal control mice and model control mice were also used in this study.Expression level of CD59 molecule in erythrocytes was analyzed with flow cytometry.The Band-3 level was analyzed by Coomassie Brilliant Blue method.The NKEF-A and NKEF-B expression level in erythrocytes was analyzed by Western blot.The killing activity of NK cells was analyzed with flow cytometry.Results: The level of Band-3,NKEF-A and NKEF-B was decrease in erythrocytes of doxorubicin-treated mice.The killing activity of NK cells was also decrease in the mice when the expression level of CD59 molecule was not change obviously.Lycium Barbarum polysaccharides treatment could promote the recovery of Band-3, NKEF-A and NKEF-B in erythrocytes of the mice.Conclusion:Lycium Barbarum polysaccharides can promote the recovery of immune function of erythrocytes in doxorubicin-treated mice.

Surgical effects in patients with Duane retraction syndrome / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To investigate the clinical characteristics and surgical effects in patients with Duane retraction syndrome(DRS).<p>METHODS: Totally 13 patients with DRS during June 2011 to December 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. The data including clinical types and manifestations, surgical methods and outcomes were reviewed and analyzed. <p>RESULTS: There were 11 male cases and 2 female cases who all had no ocular and systemic anomalies. The left eye was involved in 9 cases, the right eye was involved in 3 cases and 1 case involved in both eyes. Six cases were type Ⅰ,1 case was typeⅡand 6 cases were type Ⅲ. Eleven cases had abnormal head posture(AHP), 9 cases had the up- or down-shoot phenomenon. The surgical treatment was designed according to subtypes and clinical features which included medial rectus recession, lateral rectus recession, recession of both horizontal rectus muscles and lateral rectus recession combined with Y splitting. After surgery, horizontal deviation was less than ±10^△in all patients, and AHP disappeared in 4 cases and improved in 7 cases. The up- or down-shoot and global retraction disappeared in 5 cases and improved in 4 cases. Simultaneously, the restriction of ocular motility was improved in all patients. <p>CONCLUSION: The clinical features of DRS are variant in different types. Detailed examination before surgery and reasonable surgical design are important in treatment of patients with DRS.

Characteristics and Clinical Significance of CRLF2 Mutations in Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Cytokine receptor-like factor 2(CRLF2) plays an important role in the development of normal B lymphocytes, which can mediate early B cell proliferation and survival. The aim of this study was to investigate the mutations of CRLF2 and its clinical significance in adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Exons of CRLF2 were amplified, then the DNA was purified and sequenced; the frequency, position, types and clinical significance of CRLF2 mutations were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>6 types of genetic alterations in CRLF2 were found, among them the R186S prompted better prognosis, while L86I, F232F and W255C associated with poor prognosis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CRLF2 mutations may play an important role in the development and progressions of adult patients with ALL, and these genetic abnormalities may associate with clinical outcome.</p>

Audiological and Otological Status of 45 Infants with Cleft Palate / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the audiological and otological status of cleft palate infants with the application of distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE), auditory brainstem response (ABR), tympanometry with 1000 Hz and 226 Hz probe tones.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 45 cleft palate infants aged 8-24 months were included in the study. Most of them were examined for DPOAE, ABR and two frequency tympanometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Most infants failed the three tests,among whom 6.7% ears passed DPOAE and 33.3% of ears had normal ABR hearing threshold. In addition, 8.9% of ears turned out normal in the 1000 Hz probe-tone tympanometry, and 13.3% were type A in the 226 Hz probe-tone tympanometry. Finally, 1000 Hz tympanometry had more agreement with DPOAE and latency of ABR wave I than 226 Hz tympanometry.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Most cleft palate infants have audiological and otological problems, which should be evaluated in a more comprehensive manner.</p>

Effect of Rat Intestinal Bacteria on Metabolism of Pedunculoside in vitro / 中国药师

Objective:To study the metabolism of pedunculoside treated with rat intestinal bacteria in vitro. Methods:Pedunculo-side and rat intestinal bacteria were incubated in vitro for 0, 4, 8, 24 and 48 hours under anaerobic condition. After extracted repeat-edly by ethyl acetate, the metabolites in the incubation media were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by HPLC. Results:Totally 90. 8% of pedunculoside was transformed to M2 after incubated with rat intestinal bacteria in vitro for 48 hours, and a detailed compari-son of HPLC profiles between M2 and rotundic acid showed M2 was rotundic acid. Conclusion: Pedunculoside can be metabolized to rotundic acid by rat intestinal bacteria in vitro.

Mutation of IL-7R in Adult Patients with T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Its Clinical Significance / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Interleukin 7 (IL-7) and its receptor（IL-7R）are essential for normal T-cell development and homeostasis. This study was aimed to investigate the IL-7R mutation and its clinical significance in adult patients with adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), particularly in T-ALL.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The exons of IL-7R were amplified, cloned and sequenced in 144 adult patients with ALL; the frequency, position and lypes of IL-7R mutation were detected and their correlation with clinical features was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>7.3% of T-ALL and 1.1% of B-ALL showed somatic IL-7R mutations which located at exon 6 and exon 5, respectively. Moreover, the IL-7R mutation was associated with poor clinical outcome in adult ALL patients. Furthermore, the co-existence of IL-7R mutation with NOTCH1 mutations and/or PHF6 mutation in T-ALL was observed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>IL-7R mulation and its associated signaling pathways may play an important role in the pathogenesis of T-ALL.</p>

Association between ambient inhalable particle pollution and mortality due to circulatory disease in Nanjing: a case-crossover study / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the short-term effects of ambient PM10 pollution on mortality due to circulatory diseases, and to study the modifying effect of season on the association between ambient PM10 concentration and mortality in Nanjing.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Daily mortality, air pollution, and meteorological data from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2013 in Nanjing were collected; Time-stratified case-crossover design was used to analyze the associations between daily average concentration of inhalable particle (PM10) and mortality due to circulatory diseases; Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated; And stratified analysis was conducted to compare the mortality risks of circulatory diseases exposed to outdoor PM10 in warm season (May-October) with that in cool season (November-April).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean daily average concentrations of PM10, NO2, and SO2 from 2009 to 2013 in Nanjing were 109.1, 51.5, and 35.4 µg/m(3), respectively. During our study period, a total of 78 299 circulatory disease deaths were recorded. On average, there were approximately 43 circulatory disease deaths per day; and deaths due to cardiac diseases, ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular diseases were 19, 10 and 24 per day, respectively. After adjusting for the meteorological variables such as daily temperature, relative humidity and air pressure, a10 µg/m(3) increment of PM10 was associated with the mortality on values of (OR) 1.002 4 (95% CI: 1.000 1-1.004 8) for total circulatory diseases, 1.004 8 (95% CI: 1.001 3-1.008 3) for cardiac diseases, 1.007 3 (95% CI: 1.002 4-1.012 3) for ischemic heart disease and 1.000 5 (95% CI: 0.998 5-1.002 4) for cerebrovascular diseases, respectively. In summer season, the OR values of daily mortality for total circulatory diseases and cerebrovascular diseases were 1.008 0 (95% CI: 1.003 9-1.012 2) and 1.005 7 (95% CI: 1.002 0-1.009 4), respectively, the corresponding OR values in cool season were 1.001 4 (95% CI: 0.998 5-1.004 2) and 0.998 8 (95% CI: 0.996 4-1.001 2), respectively; The effect estimates in warm season were higher than that in cool season.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The elevated levels of ambient PM10 were positively associated with the increase of mortality due to circulatory diseases, and season may modify the effects of outdoor PM10 pollution on mortality.</p>

Effects of obesity on peak level of luteinizing hormone in gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist test and obesity-related hormones in girls with central precocious puberty / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effects of obesity on the peak level of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist test and obesity-related hormones in girls with central precocious puberty (CPP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three hundred and thirty-three girls with CPP who underwent the GnRH agonist test between 2012 and 2014 were classified into three groups: normal weight (n=123), overweight (n=108), and obesity (n=102), according to body mass index (BMI). The sexual development indices were compared between the three groups. Twenty girls were randomly selected from each group for evaluation of the serum levels of leptin, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), neurokinin B, and kisspeptin. The correlation of BMI with the levels of various hormones was assessed using Pearson correlation analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no significant difference in mean age at diagnosis between the three groups; however, the bone age was significantly higher in the overweight and obesity groups than in the normal weight group (P<0.05). The peak level of LH in the GnRH agonist test and SHBG level in the normal weight group were significantly higher than those in the overweight and the obesity groups, while the serum levels of leptin and neurokinin B were significantly lower in the normal weight group than in the overweight and the obesity groups (P<0.05). BMI was negatively correlated with the peak level of LH in the GnRH agonist test and SHBG level (P<0.05), and positively correlated with the levels of leptin and neurokinin B (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The effects of BMI on the result of the GnRH agonist test and levels of obesity-related hormones should be taken into account in girls with precocious puberty.</p>